Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Objective To extract the Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake (PTM)and polysaccharide of Lentinus edodes (PLE)from gingeng, tricholoma matsutake and lentinus edodes respectively,and to analyze and identify their structures,and to prepare their complex,and to study the indirect antitumor activity invitro of polysaccharide complex.Methods The polysaccharides were extracted with hot water and precipitated by ethanol.The carbohydrate levels were determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid.The m-hydroxyphenyl method was used to determine the levels of uronic acid, and the national standard method was used to determine the levels of starch.Infrared spectroscope and chemical methods were performed to analyze their structures. Orthogonal experiment was used to study mixing methods. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte experiment and LDH release assay were performed to detect the influence of polysaccharide complex of GPS,PTM,and PLE in the CTL killing activity,and its indirect killing effect on the P815 cells.Results The extraction rates of GPS,PTM, and PLE were 8.85%,9.40%,and 10.50%;the levels of total polysaccharides were 62.96%,59.13%,and 33.86%;the levels of uronic acid were 16.44%,9.37%,and 16.44%;the starch levels were 7.26%,2.80%,and 3.77%,respectively.The identification results showed that the polysaccharides were obstrained.When the quality ratio of the three kinds of polysaccharides was 1∶1∶1 and the concentration was 600 mg·L-1 ,the CTL cytotoxicity was the highest.Conclusion The polysaccharide complex is obtained,identified and characterized. Polysaccharide complex can enhance the cytotoxicity of CTL and has the indirectly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of P815 cells.

Objective:To compare the difference of epileptiform discharges detection in patients with epilepsy between the 25 electrodes electroencephalogram (EEG) system proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology in 2017 and the previous 19 electrodes EEG system.Methods:Patients suspected of epilepsy or with confirmed epilepsy who need a follow-up EEG were collected in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2018 to November 2019, and conventional video-EEG recording was performed on all patients for two hours with the standard 25 electrodes EEG system. Two neurophysiologists reviewed the recordings blindly using the 19 electrodes system and the 25 electrodes system, marking the epileptiform discharges and their amplitudes. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 403 patients were included in the study, in which 263 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy, including 129 cases of generalized epilepsy, 115 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy, 13 cases of frontal lobe epilepsy, two cases of parietal lobe epilepsy and four cases of occipital lobe epilepsy. In 115 temporal lobe epilepsy patients, 76 (66.09%) and 100 (86.96%) records were detected epileptiform discharges by the 19 or 25 electrodes EEG system respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.939, P<0.001). While in patients with non-temporal lobe epilepsy, there was not statistically significant difference between the two systems. In 76 patients whose temporal epileptiform discharges were detected by the two systems, the amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in the newly-added inferior temporal electrodes (F9/F10, T9/T10, P9/P10) and the original temporal electrodes (F7/F8, T7/T8, P7/P8) were (61.53±22.64) μV and (48.25±20.90) μV, respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t=5.486, P<0.001). In patients with abnormal [79.59% (39/49) vs 61.22% (30/49), χ2=3.967, P=0.046] and normal [95.45% (42/44) vs 70.45% (31/44), χ2=9.724, P=0.003] imaging, the ability of the 25 electrodes EEG system to detect epileptiform discharges was higher than that of the 19 electrodes EEG system. Conclusion:The 25 electrodes EEG system can significantly improve the detection ability of temporal epileptiform discharges in patients with epilepsy, which is recommended for regular use to increase the detection ability of temporal area abnormal wave and assist the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), and to establishment and verify its risk prediction model.Methods:A modeling group of 231 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Jiaxing from July 2019 to June 2020 was collected by convenience sampling method. According to whether they developed ICU-AW, they were divided into ICU-AW group (55 cases) and non ICU-AW group (176 cases). The clinical data were collected concerning patients' individual information, disease-related factors, treatment-related factors and laboratory indicators, and the differences of the above indexes between two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the ICU-AW risk factors and a risk prediction model was constructed. Calculate the area under ROC curve (AUC) to test the prediction effect of the model. At the same time, 60 patients who admitted to ICU from July to October 2020 and met the standards were collected to verify the model.Results:Compared with non ICU-AW group, there were more males in ICU-AW group [61.8% (34/55) vs. 44.3% (78/176), P < 0.05], with higher levels of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, immobilization and the use of neuromuscular blockers [SIRS: 30.9% (17/55) vs. 3.4% (6/176), sepsis: 12.7% (7/55) vs. 2.3% (4/176), immobilization: 72.7% (40/55) vs. 39.2% (69/176), the use of neuromuscular blockers: 50.9% (28/55) vs. 14.2% (25/176), all P < 0.05], and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score, blood lactic acid level and duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay were all increased [APACHEⅡ score: 18 (15, 24) vs. 12 (8, 17), blood lactic acid (mmol/L): 2 (1, 2) vs. 1 (1, 2), duration of mechanical ventilation (days): 7 (4, 12) vs. 2 (2, 5), length of hospital stay (days): 10 (6, 16) vs. 5 (3, 9), all P < 0.05]. SIRS, APACHEⅡ score, duration of mechanical ventilation and blood lactic acid were included to construct a risk prediction model [odds ratio ( OR) values were 4.835, 1.083, 1.210, 1.790, P values were 0.018, 0.013, 0.015, 0.013]. The model equation was P = exp [-5.207+(1.576×SIRS)+(0.079×APACHEⅡ)+(0.191×duration of mechanical ventilation)+(0.582×blood lactic acid)]. Internal verification: Calibration diagram showed the calibration curve above the ideal curve, AUC = 0.888, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.839-0.938; when the cut-off value was 0.166, the sensitivity was 89.1%, the specificity was 75.6%, and the maximum index was 0.649. External verification: Calibration diagram showed that the calibration curve was above the ideal curve, and the plotted AUC = 0.853, 95% CI was 0.753-0.953. When the cut-off value of the corresponding predictive risk value was 0.367, the sensitivity was 68.8%, the specificity was 86.4%, and the maximum approximate index was 0.552. Conclusion:The risk prediction model of ICU-AW constructed in this study has good consistency and prediction efficiency, which can provide reference for medical personnel to identify high-risk groups of ICU-AW patients in the early stage and provide targeted interventions in advance.

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of adenosine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, baicalin and wogonin in Ganmaoning granules. Methods The UPLC-MS/MS method was adopted. The separation was performed on ZOBAX SB C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm, 5μm) column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-2 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (isocratic elution) at the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The column temperature was set at 35℃, and the injection volume was 2μl. The electrospray ionization source (ESI) was used. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was adopted, using positive and negative ions scanning. The ion source temperature was 300℃, the drying gas temperature was 400℃, the drying gas flow was 20 L/min, the atomizing gas pressure was 55 psi, and the capillary voltage was 4000 V.Results The linear ranges of adenosine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, baicalin and wogonin in Ganmaoling granules were 0.20-12.80 ng (r=0.9996), 1.00-64.00 ng (r=0.9998), 0.40-25.60 ng (r=0.9996), 4.00-256.00 ng (r=0.9992), 0.20-12.8 ng (r=0.9991), which showed the linear relationship was good. The limits of detection were 0.02, 0.10, 0.04, 0.40, 0.02 ng, respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.04, 0.20, 0.08, 0.80, 0.04 ng, separately. TheRSDs of precision, reproducibility and stability (24 h) tests were no more than 3.5％. The recovery rates were 99.3％-100.75％ (RSD=2.09％-3.17％).Conclusions The method established in this experiment is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. It can be used to simultaneously determine the contents of five components inGanmaoling granules, and can be used for quality control ofGanmaoninggranules.

Cognitive impairment increases the risk of falls and is an important risk factor for falls.At the same time, early gait disorders(a major risk factor for falls)can also predict the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore, cognitive impairment and falls are not separate problems, but are highly correlated and may share common pathological mechanisms.This article explores the impact of cognitive impairment on fall risk in the elderly and its neurobiological mechanisms based on relevant nationally and international research, and provides a theoretical framework and recommendations for fall prevention and clinical intervention in the future.

Objective:To study the correlation of bone metabolism biomarkers between newborn twins and their mothers during pregnancy.Methods:From January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2022, newborn twins with mild symptoms admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical data of the twins and their mothers were collected, including bone metabolism biomarkers of the twins within 3 d after birth and their mothers within last month during pregnancy. The twins were assigned into different groups according to gestational age(GA), birth weight(BW), the relationship between BW and GA(appropriate for GA(AGA),small for GA(SGA) and large for GA(LGA), birth season, gender, and the mothers' age, ethnicity, pre-delivery body mass index (BMI), gestational BMI increase, number of births and chorionic properties. The correlations of bone metabolism biomarkers between the twins and their mothers were analyzed.Results:A total of 302 pairs of twins were included. The incidence of insufficient or deficient serum 25-(OH)D 3 was 97.4% among the mothers, and 87.7% among the twins. The levels of blood phosphorus ( r=0.262, P<0.001) and 25-(OH)D 3 ( r=0.239, P=0.002) in mothers were positively correlated with the twin with larger BW. No significant differences existed in 25-(OH)D 3 between genders, AGA,SGA and LGA, birth season, and mothers' age, ethnicity, pre-delivery BMI, gestational BMI increase and chorionic properties( P>0.05). 25-(OH)D 3 in the twins were positively correlated with BW and 25-(OH)D 3 of mothers before delivery ( P<0.05) and negatively correlated with number of births ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In most mothers and their newborn twins, 25-(OH)D 3 are insufficient or deficient. The levels of blood phosphorus and 25-(OH) D 3 are correlated between the newborns and their mothers. The lower the BW of the newborn, the more times the mother give birth and the lower the mother's pre-delivery 25-(OH)D 3 level, the lower the newborn's 25-(OH)D 3 level.