As a kind of standard medical equipment for peacetime round and wartime first aid,the first-aid kit is composed of a special kit and the unitized medicines and equipments in it.The situations and advances of such information of the kit are introduced in this paper as its classification,functions,quality,structure and the articles equipped with it.

Objective To study a new portable aid bag used to first aid and care in the process of wounded soldiers' delivery so as to meet the need of treatment in the high-technique local war. Methods The function,kinds and amount of outfit are decided on the basis of treating range. The new aid bag with hung sack and capsule outline is designed according to six different modules,which are not only easily-opened but convenient for fast treatment and supply. The field trial was taken after the development. Result A new portable combined aid bag fit for both wartime and peacetime is developed .Conclusion The new portable combined aid bag can meet the need of wounded soldiers' treatment in the modern high-technique local war,and can be used to first aid and care in the process of wounded soldiers' delivery.

Objective To summarize the clinical and radiological features of DYT6 dystonia with mutations based on the data of our patient cohort as well as the report by others.Methods Clinical data of the 11 patients with DYT6 dystonia in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2009 to May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.Clinical data included gender,onset age,initiative symptom of onset,the sites of involvemet,family history,etc.All patients were examined for brain MRI scan,6 patients were examined for DTI.Results Of the eleven gene-confirmed DYT6 dystonia patients,7 were male and 4 were female,with an onset-age ranged from 5 years to 36 years,the mean age of onset was 19.4years.Eight patients had a family history.There were 10 patients with early onset dystonia and only 1 patient with late onset dystonia.The most common site of onset was the neck (7/11),and the next was the right arm,1-5 body areas were affected at the time of neurological assessment,the average amount was 2.8,and the most frequently affected anatomical site was the neck (10/11),next came lower face,jaw and tongue.Among all the patients,6 patients presented with segmental dystonia,4 patients presented with focal dystonia,only 1 patient presented with generalized dystonia.All the patients with thanatos-associated protein domain-containing apoptosis-associated protein (THAP) domain affected had a family history,but the patients with the same mutant gene varied with clinical manifestation.Only 1 patients with non-THAP domain affected had a family history,but in most families,there were adult asymptomatic mutant gene carriers.Mutations within the THAP domain were associated with an earlier age of onset than non-THAP domain (17.3 and 21.8 years old).Routine MRI of all patients were normal and DTI of 6 patients showed that fractional anisotropy values in the bilateral sensorimotor area in DYT6 dystonia were reduced.A detailed description of a patient with TOR1A and THAP1 gene mutations was given.Conclusions Early onset dystonia is the main manifestation in patients with DYT6 dystonia in China.The most common site of onset is the neck,and the next is the right arm.The most frequently affected anatomical site is the neck,next come lower face,jaw and tongue.Laryngeal dystonia is absent.The patients with same mutant gene show high heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations,mutations within the THAP domain of THAP1 tend to manifest at an earlier age and higher penetration than mutations localized to non-THAP domain.Reduction of fractional anisotropy values indicates that the axonal integrity and coherence in the region of sensorimotor area is damaged in DYT6 dystonia.

OBJECTIVEA component-knockout approach was established to discover active components from traditional Chinese medicine.

METHODAccording to the principle of gene knockout technique, an experiment workflow for component-knockout method was developed, which is distinct from the bio-guided screening method. The differences of therapeutic efficacies between different combinations of individual components were analyzed by some statistical methods including Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), whilst a set of criterias were established to assess active components. By comparing the difference of drug efficacy between the original formulae and the mixture being knockout certain component, the active components can be identified.

RESULTThe presented component-knockout method was applied to discover the active components of Shenmai formulae for the synergistic effects on the cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for S180 tumor-bearing mice. The results indicated that panoxadiol, a type of ginsenosides, were the effective components of Shenmai formulae.

CONCLUSIONA new method for identifying effective components from Chinese medicinal formulae was developed and successfully applied to discover the active components of Shenmai Formulae, which possesses the synergistic actions towards chemotherapy process.

Algorithms ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral blood expression levels of soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) before and after antiviral treatment.Methods From July 2013 to December 2014,initial CHB patients with entecavir antiviral therapy and healthy controls were enrolled.Clinical data at baseline and during follow-up were collected.Plasma levels of sFGL2 of all the included objects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).All the patients received liver biopsy at baseline,and part of patients received a second liver biopsy at week 78 after treatment.The expression of sFGL2 in liver tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry.T test,Wilcoxon test and correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results A total of 71 CHB patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled.At baseline,the level of plasma sFGL2 of CHB patients was significantly higher than healthy controls (105.6 μg/L (78.3 μg/L to 151.6 μg/L) vs 25.2 μg/L (18.8 μg/L to 34.3 μg/L),Z=-5.887,P＜ 0.01).The plasma sFGL2 level of patients with liver cirrhosis was 146.0 μg/L (111.3 μg/L to 166.8 μg/L),which was higher than that of patients without liver cirrhosis (79.0 μg/L (65.4 μg/L to 107.4 μg/L)),and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-4.912,P＜0.01).Plasma levels of sFGL2 were positively correlated with liver stiffness,liver inflammation and fibrosis stages (r=0.426,0.240 and 0.655;all P＜0.05).At 26 weeks and 52 weeks after treatment,the plasma levels of sFGL2 were 89.1 μg/L (69.8 μg/L to 125.5 μg/L) and 75.8 μg/L (53.4 μg/L to 98.9 μg/L),respectively,which gradually decreased compared with that at baseline (26 weeks vs baseline Z=-4.499,P＜0.01;52 weeks vs 26 weeks Z=-4.762,P＜0.01).Furthermore,at baseline the number of sFGL2 positive cells in the liver tissue of liver cirrhosis group was 33.0 ± 10.4,which was higher than that of non-liver cirrhosis group (17.6 ±6.7),and the difference was statistically significant (t=7.541,P＜0.01).Compared with that at baseline (24.5±2.0),the number of sFGL2 positive cells in liver tissue at week 78 after treatment decreased (11.3± 1.6),and the difference was statistically significant (t=11.980,P＜0.01).Conclusion Plasma level of sFGL2 is closely correlated with the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB,and the plasma level of sFGL2 significantly decreases after long-term antiviral therapy.

Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in the long-term treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children, to analyze the factors influencing the efficacy, and to provide theoretical guidance for the application of CSII in long-term therapy and follow-up management.Method:A total of 60 T1DM children who were under 18 years old, lived in Qingdao for a long time, had CSII for more than 6 months, and visited the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology of Qingdao Women and Children′s Hospital for a long term from January 2019 to June 2019 were followed up with questionnaires to understand their general condition and treatment-related data.Result:After the CSII therapy, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of T1DM children significantly decreased from (9.58±2.08)% to (7.12±1.11)% ( t=7.315, P<0.05), the daily insulin dosage per unit weight significantly declined from 0.91(0.86, 0.94) IU to 0.80 (0.66, 0.88) IU ( Z=-5.514, P<0.05), and the frequency of both hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis was significantly reduced.Diet control, daily exercise time, the visit frequency and the self-monitoring frequency of blood glucose affected the curative effect of CSII therapy (all P<0.05). Conclusion:CSII therapy can effectively control the blood glucose of children with T1DM in Qingdao area, significantly lower HbA1c, and reduce the insulin dosage and the incidence of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis.Good diet control, regular exercise, regular follow-up and a high frequency of blood glucose monitoring are associated with better glycemic control.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the auditory performance of infants with cochlear implants at the early stage after surgery, summarize the development of auditory ability, investigate the effect of age at cochlear implantation on auditory performance within the first year after surgery and provide a reference for their habilitation program. METHOD: A total of 272 infants with prelingually profound hearing loss participated in this study, ranging in age at cochlear implantation from 18 to 36 months. The mean age was 21 months with a standard deviation of 7 months. Infants with cochlear implants were divided into three groups according to their age at implantation. Infants in group A were implanted under 18 months of age. Infants in group B were implanted between 18 and 24 months of age. Infants in group C were implanted between 25 and 36 months of age. Categories of auditory performance (CAP) was used to evaluate the auditory performance, which rates auditory abilities in eight categories for a scale of 0 to 7. RESULT: The mean scores of CAP for all infants at each interval were significantly different after implantation. Significant differences were observed in mean scores of CAP among these three groups in 1 and 3 months after switch-on. However there were no significant differences in pre-operation, 6, 9 and 12 months after switch-on. CONCLUSION There is a significant improvement in auditory performance of infants with prelingually profound hearing loss within the first year after cochlear implantation. The age at cochlear implantation has no critical influence on the development of auditory capabilities at the early stage after surgery. CAP is a practical tool which can be used in clinic in China.
Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; surgery ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Infant

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the law of auditory remodeling by studying the Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential in a group of post-lingually deaf adults in the early stage of the cochlear implant use. METHOD: Ten post-lingually deaf adults implanted with PULSAR ci 100 of Medel device ranged from 19 to 52 years old with duration of deafness from 3 months to 23 years.were involved. Their P1-N1-P2 responses to /ba/ at around 60-70 dB SPi and open-set speech recognition scores of mono-syllabic words were recorded at 1. 3 and 6 months after the switch-on of cochlear implants. RESULT: Six out of 10 typical waveforms of Pl-N1-P2 were obtained. The other I were with atypical waveforms. The group with atypical waveform was characterized by long duration and early onset of deafness. There was no significant difference regarding either the amplitude or the latency of each peak at the 3 data collection time points. There was significant difference among the 3 data collection time points about the speech recognition scores with the highest score at the 6th month of switch on. There was no significant correlation between the peak of the CAEP and speech recognition score. CONCLUSION In the first 6 months of cochlear implant use in the post-lingually deaf adults, the duration and the onset age of deafness played important role in respect of the presence and waveform morphology of the CAEPs. It needs at least 6 months for the central auditory system to make use of the audio input from the cochlear implant.
Adult ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BackgroundElderly cataract patients with depressive symptoms have heavier self-perceived burden， and worse vision-related quality of life compared to patients without depressive symptoms， resulting in the increase of family burden. Most previous studies showed that family relationship and vision were the main factors leading to depression in elderly cataract patients， and ignored the effects of self-feeling and complicated diseases on the psychological state of elderly cataract patients. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between depressive symptoms， self-perceived burden and postoperative vision-related quality of life in elderly cataract patients， and to analyze the risk factors of depressive symptoms. So as to provide references for targeted psychological intervention in this population. MethodsA total of 104 elderly cataract patients admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital （The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University） from July 1， 2020 to December 31， 2022 were included. General information， self-perceived burden and postoperative vision-related quality of life were investigated by self-designed questionnaire， Patients' Health Questionnaire depressive Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Self-Perceived Burden Scale （SPBS） and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 （NEI-VFQ-25）. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation among PHQ-9， SPBS and NEI-VFQ-25 scores. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in eldery cataract patients. ResultsA total of 100 elderly cataract patients completed an effective questionnaire survey. Among the participants， 31 cases （31.00%） were found to have depressive symptoms. The depressive group exhibited significantly higher SPBS score （t=11.062， P<0.01） and significantly lower NEI-VFQ-25 score （t=-5.235， P<0.01） than those of the non-depressive group. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between PHQ-9 and SPBS score （r=0.485， P<0.01）， and a negative correlation between PHQ-9 and NEI-VFQ-25 score （r=-0.440， P<0.01）. Complicated with diabetes （OR=1.441， P<0.01）， osteoarthritis （OR=1.324， P<0.05） and high SPBS score （OR=1.340， P<0.05） were risk factors of depressive sympptoms in elderly cataract patients. ConclusionThe detection rate of depressive symptoms in elderly cataract patients is higher， and postoperative vision-related quality of life in elderly cataract patients complicated with depressive symptoms is poor. Risk factors include diabetes， osteoarthritis and high self-perceived burden. ［Funded by 2022 Jiangsu Province Elderly Health Scientific Research Project （number， LKM2022019）］

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with trauma are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which must be taken seriously in the therapeutic processes. Hypercoagulable state is induced by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in many ways, such as increasing the level of inflammatory factors and fibrinogen, and inducing endothelial cell injury. The venous wall injuries from trauma and operation directly or indirectly trigger off the exogenous coagulation pathway and the microcirculation can be damaged at the same time, which may initiate the exogenous pathway of VTE. Immobilization of limbs and forced bed rest during the treatment of traumatic patients will slow venous blood flow. Chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes in the elderly were independent risk factors for VTE. Furthermore, the persistent fever, severe lung disease, respiratory failure, sepsis and invasive technology application add the risk of VTE and the difficulty of treatment. In order to help effective prevention VTE of for COVID-19 patients with trauma, the authors put forward relevant technical suggestions for prevention and nursing of VTE to provide basis for nursing work during pandemic of COVID-19.