Objective To study the effect of tetracaine jelly on hemodynamics during extubation period in general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients who performed tracheal cannula and general anesthesia were divided into control group (50 patients) and experiment group (50 patients) by random digits table method.Control group:sterile paraffin oil was applied to the endotracheal tube.Experiment group:tetracaine jelly was applied to the endotracheal tube.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the anesthesia induction(T1),5 min after stopping infusion drugs (T2),1 min after tracheal extubation (T3),3 min after tracheal extubation (T4) and 5 min after tracheal extubation (T5) were observed.The resistant effect after waking and the number of sore throat,hoarseness were recorded.Results The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T1 and T2 had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T3-T5 in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [SBP:(122.3 ± 11.3),(120.0 ± 9.8),(112.0 ± 6.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(158.3 ± 15.0),(142.5 ± 13.5),(133.0± 14.5) mmHg;DBP:(75.0 ± 13.5),(75.8 ± 10.5),(58.3 ±4.2) mmHg vs.(111.0 ± 20.3),(106.5 ± 12.8),(63.8 ± 15.8) mmHg;HR:(81.9 ± 13.7),(83.6 ± 13.4),(60.7 ± 3.5) times/min vs.(113.5 ± 19.4),(117.5 ± 21.7),(71.8 ± 14.6) times/min](P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of tolerance in experiment group was higher than that in control group [96％(48/50) vs.56％(28/50)],the rate of sore throat and hoarseness were lower than those in control group [6％ (3/50) vs.48％ (24/50),4％ (2/50) vs.36％ (18/50)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetracaine jelly can reduce the cardiovascular response of tracheal extubation,enhance the tolerance of tracheal tube and decrease the morbidity of sore throat and hoarseness.

Objective To characterize the expressiou of c-fos and c-jun in traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty male SD rats were randomized into equal 2 groups (n =60).Models of traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture were established in the experimental group while models of simple tibial fracture in the control group.After animal cerebral cortex and tissues of fracture proximal ends were sampled,qPCR techniques were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of c-fos and c-jun at 6 time points of 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 wand4w (n=10) in both experimental and control groups.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the expression levels of c-jun or c-fos gene in the cerebral cortex or tibial samples at 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 w or 4 weeks after fracture (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the cerebral cortex peaked at 1 h in both groups (8.98 ± 3.06 & 8.48 ± 1.74),showing significant differences between the peak values and the low levels at other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-jun in the cerebral cortex peaked at 4 w in both groups (3.94 ±0.59 & 3.91 ±0.41),showiug significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the tibial samples peaked at 1 w in both groups (1.99 ±0.27 & 1.94 ±0.27) and that of c-jun did too at 1 w in both groups (3.95 ±0.41 & 3.86 ±0.43),showing significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the brain tissue may not be associated with the high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the fracture region.

Objective:To study the analgesic effect of etomidate infusion for radical mastectomy in breast cancer and its effect on hemodynamics and inflammatory mediators.Methods:From August 2015 to July 2016,84 patients with radical mastectomy were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the order of admission.The observation group was given continued infusion of etomidate,the control group was given continued infusion of propofol.The visual analogue (VAS) at different time points after operation,diastolic blood pressure (DBP),systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) at the time ofextubation and serum IL-2,IL-10,IL-12 levels at 72 hours after operation were compared between two groups.Results:At the time of extubation,the DBP,SBP and HR were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P＜0.05).The VAS scores of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 1,5,10,24 and 48 hours after operation (P ＜0.05).The serum levels ofIL-2 in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),IL-10 and IL-12 levels were lower than control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Sustained infusion of etomidate had good analgesic effect in the treatment of breast cancer patients underwent radical mastectomy with little effect on the hemodynamics and inflammatory mediators.

100 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) were randomly divided into two groups, 50 in each group. The patients in test group were treated with Xipayi mouthwash, those in control were given Chlorhexidine mouthwash. All the patients were treated for 7 days. The efficacy of Xipayi mouthwash is superior to Chlorhexidine in the treatment of RAU.

Objective To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in elderly men in Beijing.Methods Totally 370 elderly men with an average age of (76.6±9.3) years from the departments of gerontology were included.BMD,echocardiography measurements as well as blood chemistry were analyzed.LVMI was obtained by echocardiography.All the subjects were divided into two groups:non-LVH group (n=231) and LVH group (n =139).Differences in quantitative variables were tested by independent-sample t test.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were performed to identify determinants of LVMI.Results The serum creatinine concentration was significantly higher in LVH group than in non-LVH group [(97.1±43.0) μmol/L,(88.2±21.1) μmol/L (P＜0.05)].Compared with non-LVH group,LVH group showed that the lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) were significantly lower[L1:(0.90±0.16) g/cm2 vs.(0.95±0.21) g/cm2,P=0.05; L2:(0.95±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.01±0.20) g/cm2,P＜0.01 ; L3:(0.99±0.19) g/cm2 vs.(1.06±0.28) g/cm2,P＜0.01] as well as the lumbar spine totalBMD [(0.97±0.18) g/cm2 vs.(1.03-1-0.26) g/cm2,P＜0.05].The femur BMD was lower in theLVH group than in non-LVH group [trochiter:(0.64±0.11) g/cm2 vs.(0.67±0.17) g/cm2,P＜0.05; inter area:(1.00±0.17) g/cm2 vs.(1.05±0.22) g/cm2,P＜0.05].Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that BMI (r=0.27,P＜0.01),the lumbar spine BMD (r=-0.20,P＜0.01),age (r=0.16,P＜0.05),serum creatinine (r=0.15,P＜0.05) were independently correlated with LVMI.Conclusions In elderly men in Beijing,the lumbar spine BMD is an independent correlative factor for LVMI.

This paper was aimed to study the albiflorin activity of Tang-Bi-Kang (TBK) granules in protecting Schwann cells (SCs) of rat's sciatic nerve.The establishment of SCs oxidative stress model was the condition of 150 mmol×L-1 Dglucose with different concentrations.And the incubation time was 48 h.The experiment groups were the high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose (100 μM,20 μM,4 μM) albiflorin group,the model group,the vitamin C (100 μM) group,and the normal group.Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of ROS in SCs.Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the condition of ROS fluorescence in SCs.And CCK-8 was used to detect the cell activity.The results showed that by using CCK-8 to detect cell proliferation,after 48 h,there was a significant difference between the model group and the normal group (P＜0.01);the albiflorin group compared with the model group (P＜0.01).It indicated that albiflorin can promote the proliferation of SCs.Detecting the ROS fluorescence content,it showed that compared with the model group (Glu 150 mM),the 100 μM,20 μM,and 4 μM albiflorin group,it was P＜0.01 for each group.It showed that albiflorin could relieve the ROS in SCs and alleviate oxidative stress.It was concluded that albiflorin can increase the proliferation of SCs and improve the state of oxidative stress with the protection of SCs.

Through comprehensively characterizing components in blood after oral administration of Tang-Bi-Kang (TBK) granules by UPLC-ESI-MSn,this study was aimed to explain the pharmaceutical material basis of TBK initially.UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap was used under both positive and negative ion modes of electrospray ionization.The blank serum and rat serum after oral administration of TBK were analyzed.Components in rat serum were identified and characterized based on ion fragment information,evenelectron law,nitrogen rule and so on.Reference data was used to establish the UPLC-ESI-MSn method.The results showed that after oral administration of TBK granules,15 components were detected in the serum,of which 13 components were taken as the prototype to blood and 2 metabolites.It was concluded that constituents of TBK granules in rat serum were generated from compatibility of all herbal medicines.In rat serum,most of the components had been absorbed by rat's metabolism;a few were absorbed as the prototype.This research provided references for pharmacodynamic material basis and metabolism of TBL granules in vivo.

This paper was aimed to study the effect of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta on the gene and protein of insulin significant signal IRS-1 and Akt in insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cells.The CCK-8 method was used to detect the HepG2 cell activity.HepG2 cells of human liver cancer were cultured with high concentration insulin (10-6 mol· L-1)for 36 hours to establish IR cell model.According to the results of CCK-8,the control group,model (IR) group,ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta IR + 50 μg· mL-1,IR + 500 μg· mL-1 group,and the metformin group were divided.Glucose consumption was measured with a glucose assay kit.The expressions of IRS-1 and Akt gene in IR HepG2 cells were detected by RT-PCR after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.Western blot was used to detect the expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.The results showed that when the concentration of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta was 500 μg· mL-1,the survival rate reached 95％.When the concentration was higher than 500 μg· mL-1,the survival rate decreased.Compared with the IR group,the IR + 50 μg· mL-1 group and the IR + 500 μg· mL-1 group promoted glucose consumption of IR HepG2 cells,but its effect was less than that of the metformin hydrochloride group.The expression of IRS-1 and Akt in IR HepG2 cells was significantly increased by using RT-PCR in the group of IR + 50 μg· mL-1 and IR + 500 μg·mL-1 compared with the IR group after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.The expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein in the group of IR + 50 μg· mL-1 and IR + 500 μg· mL-1 was significantly higher than that in the IR group after 6-hour medication detected by western blot.It was concluded that the ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta can increase the expression of IRS-1,Akt gene,the expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein in HepG2 cells,which may be the mechanism of IR improvement.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Totally 150 male patient from the Department of Geriatrics in Peking University Hospital were included in this study.Blood pressure,body weight,body height,body mass index (BMI) were measured and calculated.Biochemical analyses including serum fasting levels of insulin(FINS),glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were performed.Total prostate volume (PV) were measured by ultrasound.Results PV and annual prostate growth rate were more increased in insulin resistance group(40 cases) compared with insulin sensitivity group(110 cases) (t=2.91,3.71 respectively,both P＜0.01).Along with the levels of FINS,HOMA-IR and PSA were increased,the prostate volume was enhanced (t=-3.02,-2.88,-2.84 respectively;all P ＜0.05).PV was positively correlated with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin and PSA (r=0.16,0.16,0.35;all P＜0.05),while annual prostate growth rate was positively related with insulin resistance,serum fasting insulin,PSA and BMI (r =0.22,0.21,0.24,0.19 ; all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Insulin resistance and fasting insulin plays roles in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level and prostatic hyperplasia in elderly men.Methods Totally 95 male patients aged over 60 years were included.Blood pressure,body weight,body height,body mass index (BMI) were measured and calculated.Venous blood samples were obtained to determine fasting serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),calcium and prostate specific antigen (PSA),total prostate volume(PV) and annual prostate growth rate were measured and calculated by ultrasound.Results The serum 25 (OH) D3 levels were varied from 12.1 nmol/L to 83.9 nmol/L,with an average of (35.5±15.2) nmol/L in elderly male patients.PV growth rate were significantly lower in elderly men with 25 (OH) D3 ＞ 50 nmol/L than in elderly men with 25 (OH) D3≤50nmol/L[(31.5± 6.0) mlvs.(39.9 ± 14.5) ml,(0.4± 0.2) ml/yvs.(0.5 ± 0.4) ml/y,P＜0.001 or 0.01].PV was negatively correlated with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 level (r=-0.207,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with BMI and PSA (r=0.297,0.958,P＜0.05 or and P＜0.001).While annual prostate growth rate was positively correlated with BMI and PSA (r=0.316,0.464,P＜0.01 or ＜0.001),and positively correlated with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 level,but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusions Low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 level may play a role in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia.