Objective To discuss changes of serum Interleukin-1β, 6 and 10(IL-1β, 6 and 10﹚levels of children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD﹚ before and after medical treatment. Methods All 60 cases of children with HFMD were selected as observation group. The children in observation group were divided into light symptom group (n=32 cases﹚ and heavy symptom group (n=28 cases﹚. The children in observation group were given routine basic medical treatment, such like antivirus, defervesce, nutrition support and etc for 5 days. The changes of serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels in children with HFMD were observed and recorded before and 5 days after the medical treatment. 30 cases of healthy children, who were taking the physical examination were additionally selected as control group. Results The serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in observation group were obviously higher than those in control group (P<0.01﹚. The serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in light symptom group were obviously lower than those in heavy symp-tom group(P<0.01﹚. After 5 days’ medical treatment, the serum serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in observa-tion group were obviously declined than before (P<0.05﹚. Conclusion The abnormal rising of serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children with HFMD indicates that the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors’ network levels disorder ex-ist in children with HFMD at early stage, which show immunologic suppression and hyperfunction existing at the same time and incur mixed antagonist reaction of body injury type.