Objective To verify and adjust the leaf position accuracy of a multi-leaf collimator (MLC) in a linear accelerator.Methods Ionization chamber arrays ( StarTrack, IBA) were used to measure the leaf position accuracy of a MLC in a linear accelerator (Precise, ELEKTA) and adjust the leaves out of tolerance.Results After the adjustment of leaf position of the MLC, the analysis of the verification films taken at the offset position showed that the leaf position of the MLC was accurate.Conclusions The method developed in this study is convenient and simple for measurement and calibration of leaf position of the MLC in the linear accelerator, which meets the MLC position accuracy requirement for the linear accelerator.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a cluster with over 200 bp in length and has no protein-encoding product RNA, which is in-volved in cellular physiological or pathological process, especially in human oncogenesis. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), which is 2158 bp in length, is one of the most well-studied lncRNAs. Overexpression of HOTAIR is correlated with oncogenesis or me-tastasis in numerous epithelium original human cancers, including breast and colorectal cancers. Inhibiting HOTAIR expression could suppress cell growth and invasive ability of tumors. This review provides a brief summary of the latest progress in lncRNA-based can-cer research.

Objective To investigate the effect of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT-3)on sen-sitizing oral squamous cell carcinoma to cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum via downregulating miRNA-21. Methods Tscca and Tca8113P160 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were employed in this study. WP1066 was used to suppress STAT-3 signaling pathway. Cells were divided into three groups:dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) group, cis-dichlorodiamine-platinum (DDP) group and WP1066+DDP group. Transcription level of miR-21 was assessed by real-time PCR, while the expression levels of STAT-3, p-STAT-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9 ) were evaluated by Western blot assay. Matrigel matrix and transwell assay were used to determine cancer cell colony formation and invasive ability respectively. Expression level of miR-21 was examined by luciferase reporter gene as-say. Results Expression levels of STAT-3, pSTAT-3 and miR-21 were significantly suppressed by WP1066 treatment. The diameters of culture colony in cells treated with WP1066 and DDP were smaller than those in control group. The number of tongue cancer cells that migrated through the transwell membrane in WP1066 and DDP treated group was less than that in control group. Additionally, MMP-2/9 expression decreased while TIMP-3 increased dramatically in both cell lines in WP1066+DPP group compared to the other two groups. Conclusion Reduction of STAT-3 can sensitize oral squamous cell carcinoma to cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum via downregulating miR-21. Our study shows that DDP, in combination with WP1066, might be used as a potential target in the treatment of human oral squamous cell cancer.

Objective To investigate the influence of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in proliferation and apoptosis of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods siHOTAIR was used to inhibit the HOTAIR expression in Tb3.1 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The experiments were divided into siHOTAIR group, nonsense sequence group and blank control group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the HOTAIR expression. MTT assay was employed to determine the cell survival. The expression levels of Bcl2, BAX, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 were examined by Western blot assay. Tb3.1 xenograft tumor model was established in BALB/c nude mice, and the tumor model was divided into control group, negative group, and siHOTAIR treated group. The tumor tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry stain (IHC) and TUNEL assay. Results The detection of real-time PCR showed that HOTAIR expression was reduced after treated with siHOTAIR. Western blots assay showed that Bcl-2 protein was suppressed while cleaved caspase-3 and BAX protein were up-regulated after treated with siHOTAIR. MTT assay indicated that the cell survival rate was significantly reduced in siHOTAIR treated group. Flow cytometry detected that apoptosis levels were increased in siHOTAIR group. The level of cell senescence was higher in the siHOTAIR group than that of control group. Results of IHC indicated that Ki-67 and Bcl-2 protein of tumor tissue were inhibited, while BAX and cleaved caspase-3protein expressions were elevated simultaneously in the siHOTAIR group. TUNEL assay suggested that more apoptosis was observed in siHOTAIR group. Conclusion HOTAIR can affect proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cancer cells. HOTAIR may be one of the new candidate targets for human tongue cancer therapy.

Objective To explore the expressions of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) related proteins including N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin in head and neck squamous cell carcino? ma (HNSCC), and to determine the relationship between the expression of CDK5 and prognosis. Methods The expression levels of CDK5 and EMT related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 patients who were diagnosed as HN?SCC. They were also analyzed in different clinical pathological factors. The correlation of CDK5 and EMT related proteins as well as the relationship between the expression of CDK5 and prognosis were also analyzed. Results The expression level of CDK5 was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than that in patients with non-lymph node metastasis (91.67%vs 30.23%, P<0.05). It’s also higher in T3-T4 stages than that in T1-T2 stages (85%vs 20%, P<0.05). The ex?pression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin were significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those in patients with non-lymph node metastasis (75.00%vs 6.98%;91.67%vs 27.91%, all P<0.05). However, the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis (8.33%vs 86.05%, P<0.05) compared to that in patients without. CDK5 was positively correlated with N-cadherin and Vimentin, but negatively correlated with E-cad?herin (rs=0.512, 0.443,-0.363, all P<0.01). The 3-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with high expres?sion of CDK5 (37.5%) than that in patients with low expression of CDK5 (87%, Log-rankχ2=12.678, P<0.01). Conclusion CDK5 and EMT related proteins were activated abnormally in HNSCC with lymph node metastasis. CDK5 may be a new bio?logical marker for prognosis of HNSCC.

Objective To compare the therapeutic outcomes between laparoscopic radical Rephrectomy and open radical nephrectomy for renal cancer. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was performed in Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital from January 2006 to July 2009.Sixty-two cases were randomly divided into 2 groups:laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and open radical nephrectomy.Primary outcome(post-operative hospital stay)and second outcome(estimated blood loss,operative time,incision length,post-operative complications,recurrence,metastasis and survival)were compared between 2 groups. Results Post-operative hospital stay was(5.4±1.3)d in laparoscopic group and(8.1±2.2)d in open group(P<0.05).Median estimated blood loss was 100 ml in laparoseopic group and 200 ml in open group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference between teh 2 groups in operative time,post-operative complications,recurrence,metastasis and survival rates(P>0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic nephrectomy could reduce hospital stay,which provides a minimally invasive approach for renal cancer.

Objective To determine whether relative abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in plasma predicts clinical response to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods In this prospective study, adult patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in our hospital from 1 April 2016 to 1 January 2017. EGFR mutations in tumor tissues were detected by ADx-amplification refractory mutation system (ADx-ARMS). EGFR mutations of plasma free tumor DNA were detected by ADx-ARMS and ADx-super amplification refractory mutation system (ADx-SuperARMS) at the same time. Patients with EGFR-mutant in tumor tissues and receiving EGFR-TKIs were finally enrolled. Plasma mutation-positive patients with both methods were high abundance group.Patients with positive mutations by ADx-SuperARMS but negative by ADx-ARMS were medium abundance group. Mutation-negative patients with both methods were recognized as low abundance group. The correlation between EGFR mutation abundance and clinical response to EGFR-TKIs were analyzed. Results Among 71 patients enrolled, 42 harbored EGFR mutations in plasma were detected by ADx-ARMS, while 53 were found by ADx-SuperARMS.There were 42 patients in high abundance group, 11 in medium group while the other 18 in low group. The objective response rates (ORRs) were 69.0%,7/11 and 10/18 in high, medium and low groups, respectively. The difference was significant between high and low abundances groups (P=0.006). Median progression-free survival (PFS) in high,medium and low groups were 11.0, 8.5 and 9.0 monthes, respectively (P<0.001). In patients with tumor 19-Del, the ORRs were 70.4%,5/7 and 6/11 in high,medium and low abundance groups, respectively. The median PFS of high abundance group was significantly longer than the other two groups (12.0 monthes vs 9.0, 9.0 monthes). As to subjects with L858R mutation, the ORRs were 10/15,2/4 and 3/6,respectively, with median PFS 9.6, 5.5 and 9.5 monthes. Conclusions The relative abundance of EGFR mutations in plasma predicts clinical response to EGFR-TKIs in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The higher the mutation abundance is, the better the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs is.