A new HPLC-UV technique for the separation and analysis of 10 monosaccharides achieved within 13.5 min using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as the labelling molecule of the reductive monosaccharides has been established by combining common high performance liquid chromatography-UV and C18 column. The established technique was applied to the quantification of the monosaccharide components in extract of Silybum marianum. The results showed that the tested 10 monosaccharides as PMP derivatives were baseline separated under the HPLC conditions proposed. It was confirmed that Silybum marianum extract was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, xylose, galactose and arabinose with the molar ratio of 0.66:0.84:0.58:1.0:1.6:0.69:2.7:4.8. Quantitative recoveries of the compositional monosaccharides separated from the extract were in the range of 92.4%-104.0%, and the RSD values fell within 0.68%-3.81%. The results demonstrated that the proposed HPLC method was simple, rapid, convenient, and precise, and it was applicable to the analysis of the compositional monosaccharides of Silybum marianum extract.

This study examined the analgesic effect of diprospan in rats with trigeminal neuralgia. Rat model of trigeminal neuralgic pain was established by loosely ligating the left infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve. After allodynia developed, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 in each): diprospan group, in which the rats received diprospan (7 mg/mL, 0.1 mL) injected to the left infraorbital foramen area; control group, in which saline (0.1 mL) was administered as the same manner as the diprospan group. The pain threshold (PT) in the left infraorbital area was measured before and 2, 6, and 8 weeks after the administration. The expression of neuropeptides [substance P, preprotachykinin A (PPTA), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] in the trigeminal nerve was detected at the same time points as the PT measurement by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization method. The results showed that in the diprospan group, the PT was 10.65±1.26, 10.77±1.19 and 14.13±1.34 g 2, 6, and 8 weeks after the administration respectively, significantly higher than that before the administration (PT value: 0.36±0.11) (P<0.05 for each). In the saline group, the PT was 0.37±0.13, 0.66±0.09, 4.45±1.29 and 13.72±1.72 g before and 2, 6, and 8 weeks after the administration respectively with differences being significant between before and 6, 8 weeks after the administration (P<0.01). No significant difference existed in the PT between the diprospan group and the saline group at pre-administration (P>0.05). The PT in the diprospan group was significantly greater than that in the saline group 2 and 6 weeks post-administration (P<0.05). In the diprospan group, the expression levels of neuropeptides were significantly reduced as compared with those in the saline group 2 and 6 weeks post-administration (P<0.05). It was concluded that diprospan has an obvious analgesic effect on the trigeminal neuropathic pain partly by reducing the expression of neuropeptides in the trigeminal ganglia.

Objective:To construct of 3-dimensional finite element models of mandibular first molar with structure defect restoration.Methods:Reverse engineering technology was used. Geometric models were built by the use of advanced 3-dimensional laser scanning and computer assisted 3-dimensional design technique. The geometric data were introduced into the finite element software for establishing the finite element mesh after being processed.Results:The 3-dimensional finite element models of the minimum distal occlusal structure defect with restoration were created, which included metal crown with exterior anatomic morphology of the mandibular first molar, tooth preparation, filling material and the structure of periodontal membrane.Conclusion: The method may be a useful approach for building models of teeth and relative tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,and to evaluate its role in the development progress of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHOD: The expressions of GRP78 in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, matched pair pericarcinomatous tissue and normal laryngeal squamous epithelial tissue from 90 patients were detected using immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, the relationship between GRP78 expression and clinical parameters of patients, such as gender, tumor differentiation grade stage, and lymphatic metastasis was analyzed. RESULT: The positive ratio of GRP78 expression in LSCC, matched pair pericarcinomatous tissue and normal laryngeal squamous epithelial tissue were 86.67%, 32.22% and 8.89%. The GRP78 expressions in different tissues were significantly different (P < 0.05). GRP78 expression in LSCC tissues was correlated with the grade of differention (P < 0.05), stage of tumors (P < 0.05), and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05), but not with gender (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression level of GRP78 protein in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is high and its expression is positively associated with the malignancy of carcinoma. The expression of GRP78 protein participates in the development progress of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

This study examined the analgesic effect of diprospan in rats with trigeminal neuralgia.Rat model of trigeminal neuralgic pain was established by loosely ligating the left infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve.After allodynia developed,the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 in each):diprospan group,in which the rats received diprospan (7 mg/mL,0.1 mL) injected to the left infraorbital foramen area; control group,in which saline (0.1 mL) was administered as the same manner as the diprospan group.The pain threshold (PT) in the left infraorbital area was measured before and 2,6,and 8 weeks after the administration.The expression of neuropeptides [substance P,preprotachykinin A (PPTA),calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] in the trigeminal nerve was detected at the same time points as the PT measurement by immunohistochemistry or in siru hybridization method.The results showed that in the diprospan group,the PT was 10.65± 1.26,10.77± 1.19 and 14.13± 1.34 g 2,6,and 8 weeks after the administration respectively,significantly higher than that before the administration (PT value:0.36±0.11) (P＜0.05 for each).In the saline group,the PT was 0.37±0.13,0.66±0.09,4.45±1.29 and 13.72±1.72 g before and 2,6,and 8 weeks after the administration respectively with differences being significant between before and 6,8 weeks after the administration (P＜0.01).No significant difference existed in the PT between the diprospan group and the saline group at pre-administration (P＞0.05).The PT in the diprospan group was significantly greater than that in the saline group 2 and 6weeks post-administration (P＜0.05).In the diprospan group,the expression levels of neuropeptides were significantly reduced as compared with those in the saline group 2 and 6 weeks post-administration (P＜0.05).It was concluded that diprospan has an obvious analgesic effect on the trigeminal neuropathic pain partly by reducing the expression of neuropeptides in the trigeminal ganglia.

Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by