Objective To evaluate the effect of incision of the intrarenal sinus plus postrenal low pole segmental incision for removal of calculus on the renal hemodynamics. Methods The hemodynamic changes of intrarenal and incisional sites in 98 cases with complex calculi were consecutively monitored by color Doppler ultrasonograph before operation and also 1 month,3 months,6 months after operation.The ratio(S/D) of the peak flow-rate in systole(S),the flow-rate at the end of diastole(D),and the resistant index(RI) of the intrarenal chief renal arteries and intersegmental arteries and interlobar arteries were analyzed.The signals of blood stream in segmental incision were divided into four classes(Ⅰ to Ⅳ) and were observed. Results The changes of the intrarenal hemodynamics were related to the degrees of hydronephrosis(P0.05),but it caused the blood stream to be obstructed in the area of incision where the signals of blood stream showed classes Ⅲ to Ⅳ.The patients generally recovered after 3 to 6 months,and the time of recovery was associated with the degrees of hydronephrosis Conclusions It is concluded that the incision of the intrarenal sinus plus postrenal low pole segmental incision for removal of calculus is an effective and safe method for treat-ment of complex renal calculus.

0.05). Compared with preoperation, serum LH levels were significantly higher after operation in both groups(P0.05). DSA and color Doppler ultrasound examination showed that autografts had good blood supply. Conclusion The modified testicular autotransplantation operation could improve the successful rate of transplantation, and had not obvious influence on testicular function. It can be further applied in homologous testicular transplantation experimental and clinical research.

Objective To improve the surgical technique for the removal of huge staghorn stones. Methods 202 cases treated with an incision of the intrarenal sinus supplemented by a postrenal lower pole segmental incision for the removal of huge kidney stones were studied. Results The biggest stone was 9.8 cm?5.0 cm?3.2 cm and in one case the stones amouned to 74. The average postoperative hospitalization days was 12.8. Postoperative examination with KUB+IVU or B ultrasound revealed residual stone in 9 cases, the diameters being less than 0.8 cm. Conclusions The procedure needs no interruption of renal pedical and with the advantages of simple,less bleeding,complete removal of calculus,and preservation of renal function.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of an ileal reservoir with self controllable urination. Methods A segment of ileum was under taken,the middle portion of which was made into a N shaped reservoir and the proximal portion used as the afferent limb.The distal ileum was pulled out and the two skin flaps were taken and encircled the efferent ileum to constitute the urinary outflow.A urinary controller similar to penile clamp was applied to control the urination with a balloon catheter. Results Ten dogs and five patients underwent this procedure and the patients were followed up for 3 to 14 months.Urodynamic examination showed that on the third month,the reservoir in animals reached a maximum capacity of (150?40)ml and a full filling pressure of (24.4?5.3)cmH 2O.The reservoir in the patients reached a maximum capacity of (290?80)ml,a full filling pressure of (36.3?8.2)cmH 2O,a maximum urinary flow rate of (20.3?4.7)ml/s with no residual urine.X ray examination showed good excretory function of the kidney without hydronephrosis.All patients can control urination themselves through the use of the urinary controller. Conclusions The new procedure has the advantages of self control lable of urination,simple surgical performance and few complications.

Objective To obtain a simple method to isolate and purify spermatogonia stem cells. Methods The testis of newborn mouse were digested by modified two step digest method, and the type A spermatogonia cells were separated by different adhesive time with Sertoli cells. Results High concentration (95%) purified type A spermatogonia cells were acquired, and the spermatogonia transplanting experiment demonstrated the efficiency of the method.Conclusions This method is easy and efficient to isolation and purification of spermatogonial stem cells.

Objective To study a new procedure of surgical repairment of rectourethral fistula.Method By the perineum approach one stage urethroplasty using island skin tubes from perineum and scrotum has been adopted after the resection of fistular urethra and repairment of the defect of the anterior wall of rectum to substitute the defect of urethra in 9 cases during 1992-1998.Result The 9 cases were all cured and have been followed-up for 2 6 years without recurrence of rectourethral fistula.Conclusion This procedure was regarded as an ideal technique for the closure of rectourethral fistula especially for those complicated with urethra stricture.

Objective To detect the mouse testicular gene expression pattern differences be-tween spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferative and differential stages and study the molecular reg-ulation mechanism in SSC proliferation and differentiation. Methods With the interval of 24 days, male Kunming mice were injected intraperitoneally with two doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) to establish spermatogenesis regeneration models. 36 k Mouse Genome Array was used to detect the differential gene expression profiles between the stages of SSC proliferation and differentiation. Bioinforrnsties analysis was conducted in GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Ge-nomes) pathway to describe the potential roles that may play in spermatogonial stern cells behavior regulation. Results Nine hundred and eleven differential expression genes were identified by gene arrays in mice testes, consisting of 608 up-regulated and 303 down-regulated in SSC proliferation stage and SSC differentiation stage. The differential expression genes were classified by their biological process, molecular function and cellular component, respectively. Alterations with statistical signifi-cance (P<0.05)appeared in 84 KEG(;signal pathways, including Notch and Wnt signaling pathways which had been proved to be important for stem cell maintenance. Fifty-six differential expression genes were selected as genes related to stem cells, among which 40 genes were up-regulated, including some stem cell biomarkers(such as Cd9, StraS, hgbl-, Oct4 and Thyl)and some growth factors(such as Fgf2, Pdgfa and Csfl). Conclustion The regulation of SSC proliferation and differentiation involves inmany differentially expressed genes in various signal pathways. This study provides a molecular basis for the elucidation of the molecular mechanism behind self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells.

Objective To explore the underlying clinical factors and precautionary measures of fluid extravasation in patients with calyceal calculi treated by ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.Methods A retrospective review was made on clinical records of 138 patients with calyceal calculi receiving retrograde ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy from May 2005 to March 2009. The relevance was studied between the occurance of fluid extravasation complications and various clinical factors using x2 test and binary Logistic regression. The clinical factors included patients' sexes, age groups (＜30 years, 30-50 years, ＞50 years), history of treatment (ESWL or open surgery) for upper urinary tract calculi, preoperative upper urinary tract infection, intraoperative placement of ureteral catheter and the length of procedure duration (＜ 50 min, 50-80 min, ＞ 80 min). Results Fluid extravasation complications occurred in 24 patients. The sexes and age groups were irrelevant to the occurance of fluid extravasation complications; while history of ESWL or open surgery and preoperative infection in upper urinary tract, without intraoperative ureteral catheter placement and long duration of procedure were responsible for the higher rates of the fluid extravasation complications.Conclusion Reasonable selection of patients and timing of operation, regular intraoperative ureteral catheter placement and control the length of procedure duration help to reduce fluid extravasation during retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

BACKGROUND:It is accepted that the best method for spermatogonial stem cells separation is using artificial cryptorchism model combined with surface makers.OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of separation spermatogonial stem cells with ?6-integrin and c-kit as specific surface markers.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized control experiment was performed at the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from May to December 2006.MATERIALS:Forty adult,white Kunming mice with 6 weeks old were randomly divided into cryptorchidism and control groups,with 20 animals in each group.METHODS:Artificial cryptorchidism model was prepared by made an incision at the median of abdomen,and testis was pulled into abdominal cavity,which was fixed at the each side of lateral abdominal wall.There was no treatment in the control group.The single cell suspension of seminiferous epithelium was obtained by traditional two step enzyme digestion at 2-3 months after operation.FITC-conjugated anti-?6-intergrin antibody and PE-conjugated anti-c-kit antibodies were added.Then the cells with low side scatter light-scattering properties were sorted and positively stained for ?6-intergrin and negative c-kit expression.Meanwhile,the viability of the isolated cells was assessed by trypan blue staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The morphological changes of cryptorchidism,and the sorting results of spermatogonial stem cells.RESULTS:Cell distribution in seminiferous tubule was disorder with reduced numbers.The layer and lumens were disappeared,and cell division phase could be seen in the center of tubules.Compared to the control group,the testicular cells in the cryptorchidism group were increased in the side scatterlow,Forward scatterhi areas,with figure left-upward displacement.The distribution of ?6-integrin+ and c-kit cells were deviated each other,it named that most ?6-integrin+ cell were not spermatogonial stem cells,so do the c-kit-cells.Only 2.8% of testicular cells exhibited side scatterlow,?6-integrin+,and c-kit-,which were spermatogonial stem cells in the cryptorchidism group.And trypan blue staining showed that over 95% of them were viable.CONCLUSION:Using the two surface markers to sort spermatogonial stem cells can advance the purity of the spermatogonial stem cells in cell suspension,but the specificity is insufficient.

Purpose:To explore the all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA) on induction of apoptosis in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T24.Methods: The apoptosis of T24 cell line was studied by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.Results:After T24 cells were treated by 3×10-6 mol/L ATRA six days, the apoptotic rates of T24 cells were 15.20% in treated group and 0.01% in control group respectively under fluorescence microscopy(P<0.05); the apoptotic rates of T24 cells were 15.31% in treated group and 1.49% in control group separately on flow cytometry ; a characteristic DNA “ladder” on agarose gels was observed in treated group.Conclusions:The apoptosis of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T24 can be induced by ATRA.