Rotavirus is the most important pathogen causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide,and for rotavirus diarrhea there is no specific treatment so far.At present,there are a variety of claims on the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection,but none is conclusive.In the process of infection,rotavirus pathogens must overcome antiviral innate immune response that can replicate in host cell.Rotavirus encoded proteins play an important role in the process of rotavirus infection.This paperreviews the role of rotavirus encoding proteins in the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection.

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiviral therapy in prevention of tumor recurrence after curative resection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocarcinoma. Methods The data of 78 HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma patients having underwent hepatocarcinoma curative resection were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment method and the serum replication level of HBV DNA: 45 patients received antiviral therapy after hepatocarcinoma curative resection (treatment group), including 28 cases of preoperative HBV DNA high replication level (HBV DNA ≥ 107 copies/L), and 17 cases of preoperative HBV DNA low replication level (HBV DNA < 107 copies/L); 33 cases only received hepatocarcinoma curative resection (control group), including 20 cases of preoperative HBV DNA high replication level, and 13 cases of preoperative HBV DNA low replication level. The median follow-up time was 11 months, and the tumor recurrence was observed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the tumor-free survival rate, and Cox regression model was used in multi-factor prognostic analysis. Results In the follow-up period, the tumor recurrence rates in treatment group were 84.4%(38/45), in control group were 93.9%(31/33), and there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). The tumor-free survival rates at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after operation in patients with HBV high replication level of treatment group were 78.6%, 46.4%, 32.1%and 10.7%, and in patients with HBV low replication level of treatment group were 82.4%, 64.7%, 47.1%and 35.3%;these in patients with HBV high replication level of control group were 50.0%, 15.0%, 5.0%and 0, and in patients with HBV low replication level of control group were 92.3%, 46.2%, 30.8%and 15.4%. The tumor-free survival rates in patients with HBV high replication level of control group were significantly lower than those in patients with HBV low replication level of treatment group and patients with HBV low replication level of control group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical difference in the tumor-free survival rates between patients with HBV high replication level of treatment group and patients with HBV high replication level of control group, and between patients with HBV low replication level of treatment group and HBV low replication level of control group (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis result showed that preoperative serum HBV DNA ≥ 107 copies/L, lack of antiviral therapy after operation and tumor low differentiation were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence after operations (OR=1.987, 2.119 and 2.539;P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusions The serum HBV high replication levels and lack of antiviral therapy after operation are independent factors in influencing tumor recurrence in HBV related hepatocarcinoma patients after operation. It might be better that patients with HBV high replication level should receive an antiviral therapy as early as possible after operation.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of infective endoearditis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage.Methods The clinical characteristics,brain CT and MRI results and prognosis of 7 patients with infective endocarditis and intracranial hemorrhage admitted between January 1991 and May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Results All seven patients presented varying degrees of fever,cardiac murmur and neurological symptoms.The continuous fever lasted from 21 d to 227 d (average 91 d).Mitral valve (4 cases) and aortic valve (3 cases) were the most common affected ones.The brain CT or MRI scan presented intracranial hemorrhage in 6 cases.More than 2 hemorrhage locations were found in 5 patients and parietal lobe was most common one (4 cases).All patients were treated with antimicrobial agents and three patients underwent valve replacement surgery.Three patients were cured and another 2 died due to fatal hemorrhage.Conclusions Patients with long fever history and ineffective antimicrobial treatment are prone to intracranial hemorrhage.Brain CT or MRI scan need be performed in infective endocardits when neurological symptoms are present,and brain angiography should be also considered if necessary.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and factors of recurrence of abdominal wall endometrioms ( AWE). Methods 19 cases of AWE diagnosed at Shaoxing People' s Hospital from January 2005 to April 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Results All patients had a history of cesarean section. Eleven patients (57.9%) had the typical complaint of an enlarging mass and pain during menstruation. All patients received surgical excision and postoperative adjuvant therapy of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or Mifepristone treatment for 6 months. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination in all patients. At follow- up, ranging from 1 month to 3 years, there was 1 case of recurrence of endometrioms during a follow -up of 2 years. Conclusion AWE could be diagnosed easily by its typical clinical manifestations preoperatively. Sonography or MRI may be helpful in identifying the exact anatomical location of the lesion and in excluding other surgical conditions, however it lacks specificness. Surgical excision is the only effective treatment, and complete and wide local excision is the key point to prevent recurrence. Combination surgical excision with postoperative adjuvant therapy might reduce the recurrence, although its effectiveness need being testified in the future.

Objective To compare and analyze the biochemical detection results of separated se- ra with the separation gel coagulation promoting tubes and the drying tubes. Methods Venous blood samples was collected from identical blood donors and randomly poured into the separation gel vacuum collective tubes (test group) and traditional drying collective tubes (control group). After serum sepa- ration, timely biochemical detection was performed. The detection results were compared and ana- lyzed. The samples of test group were detected once again after storage for 24 h at 4 ℃. The results were compared with those of timely biochemical detection with separation gel separated sera. Results The results from the test group and those from the control group had no significant difference. The most results from the sera storaging for 24 h at 4 ℃ and those from the fresh serum of the test group had good correspondence. Only a few of biochemical indicators had significant difference. Conclusion The biochemical detection with sera obtained by separation gel tubes and those collected by drying tubes has good correspondence. The separation gel tubes provide the clinical laboratory optimal blood samples and more accurate results.

Two cases of nevus of Ota resistant to multiple sessions of Q-switched laser treatment are reported.Both of the patients were females,who developed beige or blue patches on the left side of the face (zygomatic region,cheek)several months after birth.No conjunctiva or sclera was involved.The lesions spread to the left retroauricular region and posterior neck during pregnancy in one patient.Histopathological examination of the lesions showed scattered melanocytes and melanophages in lower dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as apparent proliferation of collagen.Immunostaining for CD34 showed no abnormality in the distribution of vascular endothelial cells in these tissues.No obvious improvement was observed in either of the patient after more than 10 sessions(12 sessions in 1 case,and 13 sessions in the other case)of treatments with Q-switched alexandrite(755 nm)or Q-switched Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm).The immediate response of lesions to laser irradiation was unusual.Purpura or errhysis was absent in the lesions after repetitive irradiation with high-energy laser,but both were visible in the adjacent normal skin even after irradiation with low-energy laser.

Aim To investigate the effect of piperazinyl estrone(PE) on estrogen receptor expression and the transcriptional regulation of target genes.Methods Ovariectomized mice were given with PE in different doses (0.5 mg·kg~(-1),1 mg·kg~(-1),2 mg·kg~(-1))and estrone(0.71 mg·kg~(-1)) for 42 days,the protein expressions of Ers(Erαand Erβ)were shown by immunohistochemical method; To study transcriptional regulation of PE, PACT2-hERα and ERE2-TATA-LUC were co-transfected into MCF-7 cells by using Tfx 50 cationic liposome.Results Compared with ovx group, the groups with PE could up-regulate Ers of uteri in a dose-dependent manner,but its effect on Erα subtype was obvious.The classical ER signaling pathways could be activated by PE in co-transfected MCF-7 cells,but activation of PE was feebler than estrone with the same dose.Conclusion PE can up-regulate estrogen receptors in uteri. PE can transactivate ERE reportor gene through Erα and Erβ in MCF-7 cells, but its effect is feeble.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),and to provide a theoretical basis of prevention and treatment.Methods Retrospective analyed the clinical data of 145 critically ill neonates,who were treated with mechanical ventilator from Jan 2006 to Dec 2009 in the Third People′s Hospital of Wenzhou City,NICU.According to whether the neonates were occurred VAP,they were divided into two groups:VAP group(52 cases) and without VAP group(93 cases).Results Fifty-two out of the 145 neonates developed VAP.The incidence of VAP was 35.86%,the main relevent factors were the gestational ages,birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The main pathogens were opportunistic bacteria,and mostly were G-bacilli.Conclusion The incidence of VAP has a close conclusion with the gestational ages,the birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.Regulate the use of breathing machine,strengthen aseptic operation,and select effective antibiotic can control the occurrence and development of VAP.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship between Q-switch ruby laser and skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs. Methods Ten Guinea pigs were included in this study, and the back of each pig was divided into 5 areas, negative control area receiving no UVB irradiation or laser treatment, positive control area receiving UVB irradiation but no laser treatment, low-, middle- and high-dose areas receiving UVB irradiation followed by the treatment with laser at an energy density of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 J/cm2 for 4, 2, and 1 session, respectively, with an interval of 1 week. Melanin content index (MCI) was determined, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histopathology were performed to observe melanin granules and melanocytes in the skin tissue from Guinea pigs before the initial laser treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the final laser treatment. Results The best response was observed in the low-dose areas, and there was a complete clearance of hyperpigmentation in these areas, which maintained 8 weeks without recurrence, while different degrees of skin pigmentation recurred in the middle- and high-dose areas. Moreover, the low-dose areas showed a significantly lower melanin content index (MCI) compared with the middle- and high-dose areas (F = 4.2,P < 0.05), together with a marked reduction in the extent of pigment deposition, melanin granules, melanocyte number and density. Conclusions The efficacy of Q-switched ruby laser on skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs is correlated with the energy density and treatment frequency, and, low intensity and high frequency are often associated with a better treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF) and WRF influence on prognosis. Methods A case-control study were undertaken to analyze independent risk factor statistically related to incidence of WRF, and to assess the influence of WRF on prognosis. Results The independent predictors of WRF were creatinine level at admission (OR 2.248,95% CI 1.088-4.647, P = 0.029) and NYHA class on admission ( OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.3854. 459, P = 0.002). The mortality of patient with WRF was obviously higher than that of control group during hospitalization( OR 3. 824,95% CI 2. 452-5. 637 ,P ＜0.015). Conclusions WRF is a common complication among patients hospitalized for CHF, and is obviously associated with mortality during hospitalization. Higher creatinine level and weak heart function are independent risk factors for incidence of WRF of patients with CHF.