Objective To explore the differences of bacterial culture results and time consumption between the two methods of holding the syringes to draw physic liquors,so as to find the objective and scientific evidences to raise the efficiency of the clinical nursing work and to ensure the medication safety at the same time. Methods Making bacterial cultures for the physic liquors respectively drawn by grasping the piston of syringes (30 cases in the experimental group) and grasping the piston holder of syringes(30cases in the control group).Recorded the time consumption by grasping the piston of syringes to draw the physic liquors (the experimental group) and grasping the piston holder of syringes to draw the physic liquors (the control group).The testing results were compared between the two groups. Results Bacterial cultures:There was no bacteria growth in both groups.Timing:The time spent by grasping the piston of syringes to draw physic liquors was obviously shorter than that by grasping the piston holder of syninges to draw physic liquors. Conclusions Grasping the piston of syringes to draw physic liquors can ensure the medication safety and raise the work efficiency.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Radix Toddaliae Asiaticae. Methods Thin layer chromatography ( TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) were used to identify and determine chloride nitidine and toddalolactone in Radix Toddaliae Asiaticae. The moisture and total ash contents were detected according to the methods recorded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition) . Results Toddalolactone and chloride nitidine were detectable by TLC, the spots were clear and the dissociation was good. The established HPLC method was simple and accurate. The linear ranges of toddalolactone and chloride nitidine in Radix Toddaliae Asiaticae were 2.84~42.6 μg/mL and 25.6~385 μg/mL, and their recovery rates were 99.2 % ( RSD=1.12%) and 100 % ( RSD=0.71%) , respectively. The content of moisture was in the range of 75.8~98.9 mg/g and that of total ash was in the range of 12.4~33.6 mg/g. Conclusion The developed method is specific and accurate, and can provide useful reference for establishing quality standard of Radix Toddaliae Asiaticae.

Objective To investigate feasible immunotherapy strategy using tumor specific cell against osteosarcoma,and to analyze the therapeutic effect of adoptive cellular infusion therapy on osteosarcoma.Methods Decitabine (DAC) was employed as a hypomethylating agent for the treatment in osteosarcoma cell lines HOS and U2OS.After treatment,the expression of cancer-testis antigen (CTA) was evaluated by PCR and Western Blot.In animal studies,human osteosarcoma cell line HOS,which was transfected by luciferase and HLA-A0201 in previous,was inoculated into immune deficient NOD-SCID mice to establish osteosarcoma xenografts.Ex-vivo expanded CTA specific homo CD8+T-ells were labeled with DiR and injected into the mice via the tail vein.In vivo imaging system was utilized to detect the distribution of administrated CD8+ T-cells.In addition,the progression of tumor xenografts was monitored.Moreover,mouse K7M2 osteosarcoma cell line was used to establish animal models in immune competent BALB/c mice.Immune competent models were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of hypomethylating treatment in regarding to spontaneous immune attack against tumors.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportion of intratumoral lymphocytes and the status of these effector antitumor immune cells,and to reveal the effect of hypomethylating treatment in facilitating lymphocyte infiltration and activation.Results The expression of all the evaluated cancer/testis antigens were elevated in HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cell lines after hypomethylating treatment with DAC.The proliferation of in vitro cultured osteosarcoma cells can be significantly suppressed after at least 5 d treatment with DAC.Besides,DAC alone controlled osteosarcoma cell proliferation.In immune deficient mouse models,hypomethylating pre-treatment resulted in successful T-cell homing to tumor sites.Moreover,the combination treatment with DAC and CTA specific T-cell adoptive transfer significantly suppressed tumor proliferation.In immune competent mouse models,hypomethylating treatment with DAC improved autologous T-cell infiltration into the tumor,and strengthened the activity of intratumoral CD8+ T-cells,elevated the secretion of IFN-gamma,granzyme B and perforin by CD8+ T-cells.Conclusion Hypomethylating treatment is able to suppress osteosarcoma cell proliferation,improve the expression of CTA in osteosarcoma cells,and consequently provide optimal environment for CTA specific T-cell adoptive therapy.

Objective To explore the role of microRNA-206 (miR-206)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)from rheumatoid arthritis (RA)patients.Methods 27 patients with RA and 25 healthy controls were enrolled into the current study.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)were isolated by standard density-gradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque solution in rheumatoid arthritis and healthy control volunteers.Total RNAs were extracted from PBMCs which were stimulated by PMA and ionomycin,then the RNA was transcribed reversely into cDNA.The expression of mi-croRNA-206 and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)and the orphan nuclear receptor RORγt mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR)method.Student’s unpaired t-test and spearman correlation were used for statistica1 analysis. Results The expression of miR-206 in the PBMCs of RA patients was significantly decreased compared with that of the healthy controls (0.056±0.019 vs 0.138±0.057,t=3.103,P<0.01),The levels of KLF4 and RORγt mRNAin the PB-MCs of RA patients were increased significantly verves those of the healthy controls(0.604±0.183 vs 0.098±0.027,t=6.651,P<0.01;0.583±0.271 vs 0.069±0.018,t=7.438,P<0.01),Furthermore,a negative correlated between the ex-pression of miR-206 and KLF4 or RORγt mRNA in RA patients (r=-0.639,P<0.01;r=-0.842,P<0.01).Conclusion These results indicated that the augmented expression of KLF4 mRNA may be caused by the attenuated expression of miR-206,and the high level of KLF4 mRNA evokes the proportion of Th17 cells in RA patients.

Objective To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features, histogenesis and biological behavior of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas ( SPT ). Methods Routine HE and immunohistochemical ( SP) methods were used in 20 cases of SPT. Results There were 18 females and 2 males, age ranging from 13 to 48 years with mean age of 25. 3 years. Abdominal pain and palpable mass were among the main complains. Seventeen cases were followed-up from 9 to 120 monthes. Fourteen cases were alive. Tumors were encapsulated, mixed with solid and cystic tissues. Histological features were psudopapillary structure with a fibrovascular core. Immunohistogically, the tumors were positive for a-1-AT ( 17 cases) , vimentin ( 14 cases) , synaptophysin ( 10 cases) , CgA (5 cases) ,CK and insulin (2 cases) ,glucagon and S-100 (1 case) ,PR (14 cases) , ER (1 case) ,pS2 (6 cases) , but all were negative for CEA and gastrin. Conclusion SPT is of low-graded malignancy and a distinct clinicopathologic entity in young female patients with both exocrine as well as endocrine differentiation. The tumor is closely related with sex hormone receptors.

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences between the Bayesian interim analysis and the classical interim analysis.

METHODSTo compare the means of two independent samples between control and treatment, superior hypothesis test was established. In line with the data requirements for group sequential design, Type Iota error of Bayesian interim analysis based on various prior distributions, Power, Average Sample Size and Average Stage were estimated in the interim analysis.

RESULTSIn the Pocock and O' Brien & Fleming designs, the Type Iota errors in the Bayesian interim analysis based on the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap prior distribution were controlled at around 0.05. When the powers of these two classical designs were both 80%, Bayesian powers of the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap prior distribution were markedly lower. The powers of the non-informative prior distribution and the enthusiastic prior distribution were distinctly higher than 80%.

CONCLUSIONIn the Bayesian interim analysis based on the skeptical prior distribution and the handicap Prior distribution, the Type Iota errors can be well controlled. Bayesian interim analyses using these two prior distributions, compared with the analysis adopting the O' Brien & Fleming method, can markedly increase the possibility of ending the clinical trials ahead of time. The Bayesian interim analyses based on these two distributions do not have practical value for group sequential design of the Pocock method.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of unknown nosebleed patients. METHOD: The ELISA test were used to detected plasma Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) level in 19 cases unknown factor nosebleed patients and 36 health persons. RESULT: The results showed uPAR and uPA level in nosebleed group (before treatment) uPAR (0.14 +/- 0.04) microg/L, uPA (0.24 +/- 0.09) microg/L; (after treatment) uPAR (0.08 +/- 0.02) microg/L, uPA (0.18 +/- 0.07) microg/L. And normal group uPAR (0.07 +/- 0.03) microg/L, uPA (0.17 +/- 0.05) microg/L. The uPAR and uPA level in nosebleed group before treatment is higher than that in normal group (P <0.05). There is no significant difference between nosebleed group after treatment and normal group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The reasons of uPAR and uPA level high in unknown factor nosebleed patients were not clear, maybe relation to vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell and neutrophil-monocytic release more uPAR and uPA. So uPAR and uPA density of nostril accumulation is more high in its microenvironment, that fibrinolytic system activated increase and result in its hyperactivity, and happened nosebleed when blood be in hypocoagulable state.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Epistaxis ; blood ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; blood ; metabolism ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; blood ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective: To establish real-time recombinase polymerase amplification（RPA）for the rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus（VP）. Methods: An exo probe and primers were designed according to the conserved sequence of thermolabile hemolysin（tlh）gene of VP and then RPA for detection of VP was established. The sensitivity of the assay was evaluated by detecting different concentration of VP;the specificity was evaluated by detecting different bacteria;the stability was evaluated by repeat trials;the application effect was evaluated by detecting food samples which were simultaneously tested with traditional culture method according to GB 4798.7-2013 Detection of VP. Results: A real-time RPA was established to complete VP amplification within 20 min at a constant temperature of 39 ℃. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was five pg per reaction and no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria observed. The RPA detection results with different concentration of VP and E. coli DNA templates at three time points were consistent. The detection results of 51 food samples by RPA were the same as those by traditional culture method. Conclusion The established real-time RPA can qualitatively detect VP,with simple operation and interpretation of results,which is suitable for rapid detection of VP in public health emergencies and food safety supervision.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum micro RNA(miRNAs)-873 and micro RNA-138-5p expression and tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 108 NSCLC patients(NSCLC group)and 65 healthy volunteers(control group)who were admitted to Ba'nan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from February 2019 to February 2021 were selected.Real-time quantitative fluorescence polymeric chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-873 and miR-138-5p in serum,and multiple immunofluorescence staining was used to detect tumor immune microenvironment indicators.Regular follow-up was conducted after discharge.Pearson analyzed the correlation between the expression of miR-873 and miR-138-5p in serum and the TIME index,and Kaplan-Meier and COX proportional risk regression analyzed the relationship between miR-873 and miR-138-5p and the prognosis of NSCLC patients.Results Comparison with control group,the expressions of miR-873(1.02±0.23 vs 3.15±0.82)and miR-138-5p(1.21±0.26 vs 3.54±0.92)in serum of NSCLC group were decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-25.426,-24.769,all P＜0.05).The expressions of serum miR-873 and miR-138-5p of patients with low-to-moderate differentiation in TNM stages Ⅲ to Ⅳ were lower than those with highly differentiated patients in TNM stages Ⅰ to Ⅱ(t=9.615,10.253;6.889,3.361,all P＜0.05).The expressions of miR-873 and miR-138-5p in serum were negatively correlated with the values of PD-1,PD-L1,CD4 and CD8 H(r=-0.418～-0.673,all P＜0.05).The OS survival rate of NSCLC patients with low expression of miR-873 and miR-138-5p was lower than that of those with high expression of miR-873 and miR-138-5p(Log-Rankχ2=4.724,5.607,P＜0.05).TNM stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ was a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC(P＜0.05),and miR-873 and miR-138-5p were protective factors(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expressions of miR-873 and miR-138-5p in serum of NSCLC patients are down-regulated,which is related to TIME and low survival rate.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features of bladder urothelial carcinoma BUC in children and to share the experience of diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinicopathological data,diagnosis and treatment process of a rare 9-year-old boy with BUC treated in the Second People's Hospital of Kashgar were reported and the literature was reviewed.Results The main clinical symptom is hematuria.Both preoperative urinary ultrasound and CT urography(CTU)identified the tumor,which was then removed with transurethral holmium laser resection under general anesthesia.Postoperative pathology confirmed papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential(PUNLMP).Epirubicin hydrochloride instillation was administered,and no evidence of recurrence or progress was detected during the 3-month follow-up.Conclusion Bladder urothelial carcinoma in children is extremely rare.The most common symptom is hematuria,and there are no characteristic signs.Urinary ultrasound is the first choice for preoperative imaging,and transurethral resection of the carcinoma results in good recovery.There is no recommendable instillation,and patients need long-term postoperative follow-up.