ObjectiveTo observe the survival and pathway of regenerative axons of spinal motoneurons following root injury of brachial plexus (BPI) and to investigate the correlation between the pathway of regenerative axons and the recovery of motor function. Methods48 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: crush group, cut group, avulsion group and the control group. 2 months later, the functional recovery was evaluated with Grooming test. Fluorogold labeled regenerative motoneurons retrogradely when injected into the motor or sensory branch of musculocutaneous nerve. 3 d later, the C5-8 spinal cord were harvested and the regenerative motoneurons were counted. The survival neurons were counted with neutral red staining. ResultsThe number of survival neurons in the cut group (1005±89) were more than that of the avulsion group （881±76）, but less than the crush group (1126±25). The control group was the most (1900±39）. The regenerative motoneurons reinnervated motor branch were much more than that of the sensory branch in all groups. For the Grooming test, the grade in the crush group (3.42) was much higher than that of the avulsion (1.75) and cut (1.75) group. ConclusionRegenerative axons of spinal motoneurons reinnervate the motor branch after BPI. The number of survival neurons is different after different injuries, which associated with the motor functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the association betweent clinical markers of N‐terminal probrain natriuretie peptide (NT‐proBNP) ,cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C‐reaction protein (CRP) in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe pneumonia and to reveal the pathophysiologic process of myocardial injury after ARDS .Methods Totally 33 patients diagnosed as ARDS caused by severe pneumonia were divided into 3 groups:mild group ,moderate group and severe group according to the New Berlin definition of ARDS .Arterial blood gas analysis ,NT‐proBNP ,cTnI and CRP were observed be‐fore the treatment .Statistics were used for the analyses .Results The NT‐proBNP level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate groups (P<0 .01);the NT‐proBNP level in the moderate group was also higher than that in the mild group (P< 0 .05) .Besides ,the cTnI level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate groups (P<0 .01);however ,the cTnI level had no statistical difference between mild and moderate groups (P> 0 .05) .The CRP level in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the mild (P<0 .05) .Moreover ,the NT‐proBNP level of 33 patients was positively associated with the both CRP and cTnI level (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The seriously inflammatory response mediates myocardial injury probably because of ARDS .Combined NT‐proBNP and cTnI testing is important for evaluating the condition of ARDS at the early stage .

Objective To investigate the sensitivity of Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT-Ⅱ)parameters on the early optic nerve change of glaucoma head. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Twenty-one patients (36 eyes) with big cupped disc(C/ D≥0.7) and twenty-seven patients (31 eyes) with early glaucoma (C/D≥0.7, MD≤3dB) were studied. Methods All patients underwent visual field and HRT-Ⅱ examination to get parameters of optic nerve head. T test was used to compare the parameters of optic disc between big cupped disc and early glaucoma. Main Outcome Measures HRT Ⅱ parameters included disc area, cup area, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, C/D area ratio, mean cup depth, maximum cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, mean RNFL thickness and RNFL cross sectional area. Results Statistics analysis with T test (t=2.247-3.714, P=0.000-0.028) showed there were significant differences of rim area, rim volume, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, sectional area of retinal nerve fiber layer between big cupped disc and early glaucoma. Conclusions We can pay attention to those parameters with HRT- Ⅱ to distinguish patients with big cupped disc and early glaucoma.

Objective To understand the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were chosen from 2010 September to 2011 December in Department of Endocrinology Changshou Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province,and 30 healthy people were screened as control group.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels.Results The levels of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (1379.2 ± 431.8) and (1154.5 ±326.4) pg/ml,and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The levels of serum sRAGE in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (14.6± 9.3)and (19.5 ± 8.9)ng/ml,and there were also significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The level of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),and the level of serum sRAGE was associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) negative correlation.Conclusion The level of serum AGEs increase in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and the level of serum sRAGE decrease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that the finite element method could preferably simulate the biomechanical analysis for the object with complicated structures and irregular shapes. The similarities for the finite element model have great influences on the results of the analysis. However, to construct an ideal model is the most time-consuming and complicated portion for the finite element analysis. OBJECTIVE:To construct a finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, and to provide a basis of biomechanical researches of the maxilary first molar. METHODS: A volunteer with complete mandibular dentition and healthy periodontal tissue was selected in this study. Cone-beam CT was scanned. The images were saved as DICOM format. These images were imported to the medical modeling software Mimics. The surface model for the maxilary first molar and the alveolar bone was constructed. The model was then imported to GiD for pre-processing. Thus, the complete three-dimensional finite element model for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue was constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A finite element model for bilateral maxilary first molar, periodontal ligament and maxilary alveolar bone was constructed, including 896 035 nodes and 4 881 067 elements. This model has restored the geometric shape and the structure of the research object. This study successfuly constructed finite element models of maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue, which can be a basis of biomechanical researches for the maxilary first molar and the periodontal tissue under the effect of different clinical orthodontic forces.

Objective To investigate the computer tomography (CT) and magnetic res-onance imaging (MRI) features of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) caused by pregnancy-indueed hypertension (PIH). Methods CT scan and MRI scan + diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were used in 31 patients with PIH. Results CT scan found low density lesions in parietal-occipital lobe of watershed regions in 31 patients with PIH. CT value was 19 to 23Hu. Among them, MRI showed slight hypointensity lesions on T1-weighted images and slight hyperintensity lesions on T2-weight images in 11 patients, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence showed hyperintensity lesions, DWI revealed isointense, and apparent diffusion coefficient- did not decrease. The recovery time of clinical symptoms was earlier than that of MRI. Conclusions The lesion sites on cr and MRI had certain characteristics in PIH occurred PRES at late pregnancy, combining clinical history a clear diagnosis could be made.

Objective To investigate the relation between retinol binding protein-4(RBP4) levels and metabolic parameters and to explore the correlation between RBP4-G 803 A SNP and metabolic syndrome.Methods One hundred and sixteen metabolic syndrome(MS) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 93 healthy controls were included.Serum RBP4 level was measured by RIA.RBP4-G 803 A different genotypes were examined by PCR and sequence analysis.Results RBP4 levels showed significant positive correlations with BMI,waist circumference,FINS,HOMA-IR,and TG in all the participants,with TG,TC,and LDL-C in control,with DBP in males,and with age,FINS,HOMA-IR,TG and SBP in females.In multiple stepwise regression analysis,RBP4 was independently associated with BMI,waist circumference,TG and age.Serum RBP4 concentrations were significantly higher in MS group than in control.RBP4 levels were higher in males as compared to females.In control,RBP4 level was lower in subjects with regular exercise.There was no significant difference in the frequency of RBP4-G 803 A genotypes and alleles in MS group and neither difference in metabolic parameters between the carriers of GG+GA and AA.Conclusion In Chinese Han population,serum RBP4 concentrations are correlated with various metabolic parameters and there is no relation between RBP4-G 803 A SNP and metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the dry roots of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) Shih.Methods: Various chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents of Dolomiaea souliei, and the structures were elucidated through the analysis of spectral data and literatures.Results: Six compounds including 3 sesquiterpene compounds and 3 fatty acids were obtained and identified as dihydrodehydrocostuslactone(Ⅰ), vladimenal(Ⅱ), arbusculin A(Ⅲ), n-hendecane(Ⅳ), butanedioic acid(Ⅴ) and methyl linoleate(Ⅵ).Conclusion: Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅵ are obtained from the genus of Dolomiaea for the first time.

To investigate the influence of the difference enhancers on the transport mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) across Caco-2 cells model, a RP-HPLC method was adopted to detect the concentrations of CGA. At the concentrations of 20 to 80 microg x mL(-1), the difference of absorption rate constants (K(a)) was not statistically significant. At the concentrations of 40 and 20 microg x mL(-1), the ratios of apparent permeability coefficients (P(app)) of the apical to basolateral and the basolateral to apical were 1.14 and 1.18, respectively. With the effect of enhancers K(a) and P(app) increased, the absorption half-life (T1/2) decreased. CGA passed through the Caco-2 cell membrane mainly by passive transport. It showed that monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) could be involved in the across membrane transport process of CGA. Borneol had no effect on the cell membrane transport processes. The order of increasing absorption of CGA caused by the enhancers was sodium lauryl sulphate > sodium taurocholate > carbomer.

Objective To explore the validity and reliability of Nursing Professional Values Scale in registered nurses.Methods Demographic questionnaires and the Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale were used among 280 registered nurses.Results The Cronbach's α was 0.94.The factor analysis extracted 4 factors which could account for 59.55％ variances.These four factors were defined as professional characteristic,providing care,behaviorist,and trust.The Cronbach's α for these four factors were 0.89,0.87,0.86 and 0.70 respectively.Conclusions The Revised Nursing Professional Values Scale possesses desirable validity and reliability in registered nurses,and is a psychometric good instrument of professional value.