Relapse is the reinstatement of drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors following a period of abstinence.It is one of the main characteristics of drug addiction and is also the major problem requiring immediate action for the treatment of drug addiction.In this review,in order to offer new ideas to eventually treat drug addiction,efforts are made to describe the establishment of two animal models of relapse-the drug self-administration (SA) and extinctionreinstatement procedure,and the drug-conditioned place preference(CPP) and extinction-reactivation procedure.Then attention is given to assess the criterion validity of the animal models of relapse and to explore the neurobiological mechanisms involved in relapse.

miRNAs (microRNAs) are small RNA which regulate gene expressions at the post-transcriptional level.Recently studies have suggested that miRNA is associated with the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications.This artcle reviews the regulation of miRNA in diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications,and the biomarkers' value and application of miRNA in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,aiming to develop new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Objective:To discuss the application effect of quality management of quality control circle (QCC) for reducing re-washing rate of suction aspirator tip in the quality management of medical instrument of hospital.Methods: Through established QCC group to designate one topic, to investigate its current situation and to protocol project plan of quality management. The qualified rate of first washing of 904 suction aspirator tips was analyzed before control management of QCC was implemented, and then series of QCC methods including fishbone diagram were applied to analyze and confirm main factors. The protocol countermeasure, depend on above information, achieved improvement for washing quality of 856 suction aspirator tips after the quality management of QCC was implemented in practice. The re-washing rates of washing quality of suction aspirator tip between before and after QCC was applied were compared.Results: The qualified rate of first washing of 904 suction aspirator tips before the quality management of QCC was implemented was 65.7%, while it was 97.6% for 856 suction aspirator tips after quality management of QCC was implemented. The washing qualified rate of suction aspirator tip after quality management of QCC was applied was significantly higher than that before it was applied (x2=8.429,P<0.05), and the result has achieved the aim that continuous improved quality.Conclusion: The application of quality management of QCC can decrease re-washing rate of suction aspirator tip, and contribute to decrease cost, to increase work efficiency, to strengthen the attention and degree of involvement of staff for work quality. Therefore, the management can fully exert potential of member of quality management of QCC, and enhance washing quality of suction aspirator tips.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early hyperbaric oxygen therapy on function recovery in spinal cord injury(SCI)patients.Methods216 SCI patients were randomly divided into early hyperbaric oxygen therapy group(E, 108 cases)and late hyperbaric oxygen therapy group(L, 108 cases).The patients in both groups received the similar rehabilitation and medicine treatment. The effects were assessd by the American Spine Injury Association(ASIA)and modified Barthel index(MBI).ResultsThere was no difference between two groups before treatment, and the scores improved significantly after treatment, but the scores of the group E was significantly higher than that of the group L. ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy can facilitate the function recovery, and it is better to interfere early.

Humans ; Hypertension ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels

Objective: To explore influence of nursing health education on morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) fluctuations in aged patients with hypertension.Methods: A total of 100 outpatients and inpatients with non-dipper hypertension, who haven't been treated, were selected from Apr 2011 to Sep 2015.According to random number table method, patients were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group and health education group (received nursing health education based on routine treatment group), both groups were treated for four weeks.MBPS, trough/peak(T/P) ratio and smoothness index (SI) were measured and compared between two groups after treatment.Results: Compared with routine treatment group after four-week treatment, there were significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) morning surge[(46.95±5.17) mmHg vs.(42.21±5.19) mmHg]and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) morning surge[(16.31±3.23) mmHg vs.(14.21±3.58) mmHg], and significant rise in SBP T/P[(59.22±6.65)% vs.(70.11±6.41)%], DBP T/P[(50.91±5.04)% vs.(56.97±5.12)%], SBP SI[(1.19±0.13) vs.(1.42±0.12)]and DBP SI[(1.11±0.09) vs.(1.29±0.08)]in health education group, P<0.05 all.Conclusion: Health education can effectively improve blood pressure fluctuations and may likely improve prognosis in patients with non-dipper hypertension, which is worth extending.

Objective To observe the effect of non-ablative treatment combined intense pulse light (IPL) and Q switched Nd :YAG laser on hyperpigmented skin diseases. Methods Total 250 cases of Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ and Ⅳ with hyperpigmented skin disorders received 4 treatments with combined 560nm IPI. and 532 nm Q switched Nd :YAG laser. The interval between two treat-ments was I month. After 3 months the effect of IPL was observed. If it was not good, we used the Q switched Nd :YAG laser. Efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated 3-6 months after the final treat-ment. Results 3-6 months after the last treatment, 50%-70% of patients had their telangiectasia, enlarged pores, hyperpigmentation and wrinking of facial photoaging improved. The degree of im-provement was more than 60 %. Common side effects were minor blistering and erythema. Conclusion Combined IPI. and Q switched Nd :YAG laser treatment is an idea non-ablative therapy for telangi-ectasia, enlarged pores, hyperpigmentation and wrinking of facial photoaging in Fitzpatrick skin types Ⅲ and Ⅳ in Asian.

Objective To understand the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were chosen from 2010 September to 2011 December in Department of Endocrinology Changshou Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province,and 30 healthy people were screened as control group.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels.Results The levels of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (1379.2 ± 431.8) and (1154.5 ±326.4) pg/ml,and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The levels of serum sRAGE in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (14.6± 9.3)and (19.5 ± 8.9)ng/ml,and there were also significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The level of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),and the level of serum sRAGE was associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) negative correlation.Conclusion The level of serum AGEs increase in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and the level of serum sRAGE decrease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To explore the appropriate nursing care of acute hyperlipidemic pancreatitis and increase nursing level.Methods The clinical data of 3 cases of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis were analyzed retrospectively and the nursing experience was summarized.Results The blood sample of all 3 cases represented dramatically high level of serum triglyceride (14.1～61.0 mmol/L).Obvious inducing factors were observed in one case.Besides upper abdominal symptom and physical sign continued in spite of the right lower abdominal discomfort,ascites was discovered by early B-ultrasound.There was no significant increase of serum or urine amylase.After correct diagnosis,all of the 3 cases recovered well by close observation,mental nursing,anti-hyperlipidemic nursing,drainage nursing and health education.Conclusions The knowledge of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis should be well understood during nursing practice.Comprehensive nursing evaluation and close observation can help doctors to analyze and estimate the disease.Integrated nursing techniques can accelerate the recovery of the patients.Health education,anti-hyperlipidemic therapy,and removal of the inducing factors are the keys of prevention.

Objective To understand the effect of astragalus on insulin resistance and plasma amylin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 88 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups:Group A (lifestyle intervention group) contained 30 patients,Group B (metformin treatment group) also contained 30 Patients,and Group C (astragalus and metformin treatment group) contained 28 Patients.Patients in group A were intervened with the control of diet,blood pressure and lipids level; patients in group B were additionally treated with metformin on the basis of group A; patients in group C were additionally treated with metformin and astragalus on the basis of group A.The course for both treatments were 8 weeks.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected before and after the treatment in all three groups and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for the detection of plasma amylin.Results Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after treataent in the three groups (t=-2.696、-4.029、-3.995,P＜0.05) ; insulin resistance index reduced in group B and group C (t=-2.599、-3.813,P＜0.05),the difference between group C and group B was statistically significant (t=-2.334,P＜0.05) ;treatments of group B and group C could improve the beta cell function index (t=2.303、2.384,P＜0.05),and they also could increase the plasma amylin level (t=2.341、3.045,P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragalus and metformin can improve insulin resistance index and increase plasma amylin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.