Objective To know about care experience and medical care demands of caregivers of retinopathy of prematurity children in order to provide reference for clinic. Methods A total of 11 caregivers were interviewed by qualitative research methodology. Data and subjects were refined by Colaizzi methodology. Results Totally 3 subjects about care experience were extracted, which were high psychological pressure, heavy caregiver burden, desire for medical and nursing support. Conclusions Medical care personnel should improve treatment system of retinopathy of prematurity and provide information and psychological support in order to improve quality of life of children.

Objective To investigate the effects of Gymnema Sylvestre on glucose-lipid metabolism and adipo-cytokines in T2 DM Rats. Methods The T2 DM rats induced by high lipid diet and small dosage intraperitoneal injection of STZ, were randomly divided into model group (DM), high dose GS group (GSH),low dose GS group (GSL) and pioglitazone group (Pio, n= 8 in each). Each group has a DM inserted by gavage.Four weeks later, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (INS), blood lipid (TG, CHOL, HDL and LDL), free fatty acdi (FFA), TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP)and adiponcetin(ADPN) were detected.Results Compare to model group, the levels of FBG, INS, Blood lipid, FFA, TNF-α and CRP were decreased in GSH and Pioglitazone groups, adiponcetin were increased in GSH and Pioglitazone groups, except in GSL group. Conclusion GS can improve the glucose-lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in type 2diabetic mellitus rats. The mechanisms may be the amelioration of inflammatory response and adipocytokines,but still need further study to prove the conclusions.

Objective To explore an accurate,objective and simple method for barrel distortion correction and lesion area measurement by assistance of computer.Methods The software of Panaroma tool was employed to correct barrel distortion of endoscopy and Image J to measure lesion size and manage the relative measurement error.Computed measurement in vitro of lesion area was established,firstly,by identification of correction factor of Panorama tool to minimize measurement error; then by determination of influence of object distance change between the lens and the image.This measurement was used on patients with gastric ulcer for focal area.Results were compared with those of traditional method.Results Number of 0.1was determined to be the correction factor for barrel distortion of endoscopy.Prior to the correction of the barrel distortion,the relative error of measurement gradually increased with the increasing distance between endoscopy and the image.However,different object distances did not exert influence on the relative measurement error when barrel distortion was corrected by Panaroma tool ( P =0.141 ).A total of 50 foci of gastric ulcer were measured,results from combinational treatment of Panorama tool and Image J showed the areas (35.0 ± 5.0) mm2 were significantly larger than those determined by traditional method [ ( 29.1 ± 4.1 ) mm2,P =0.000 ],with a correlation coefficient of 0.988.Conclusion Computed endoscopic lesion measurement is a relatively accurate,objective and simple method to determine the area of gastric lesions.

Background and purpose:Oxaliplatin is a new cytotoxic platinum compound widely used in antineoplastic treatments.Peripheral neuropathy characterized by allodynia remains the most common way to limit the usage of oxaliplatin.Oxaliplatin-associated neuropathic pain is often resistant to standard analgesics.The effects of antidepressant agents such as desipramine and fluoxetine on chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain were investigated so as to provide experimental evidence for clinical treatment.Methods:A single injection of oxaliplatin(30 mg/kg)intraperitoneal was injected into a test subject,a mouse that had chronic neuropathic pain.Using the von Frey filament as a touch stimulator,the mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)was measured when observing allodynia.The MWT was measured before and 1 h after the administration of desipramin and fluoxetine.Results:Desipramine and fluoxetine both have the potential to increase the MWT in mice with oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.Pretreatment with antagonists such as an opioid receptor like naloxone could deepen their effects.Furthermore,when desipramine is combined with an opioid analgesic as buprenorphine,it causes an augmentation in the MWT.Conclusion:Antidepressants desipramine and fluoxetine antagonize oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting allodynia.Furthermore,the tricyclic antidepressing agent desipramine could enhance the effects of buprenorphine in subjects with oxaliplatin-induced pain,suggesting a synergistic effect for opioid analgesic.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of using high-fidelity simulator (HFS) in medical training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs),quasi-randomized controlled trials (q-RCTs) about comparing HFS with traditional teaching methods in medical training of CPR were searched from Cochrane Library,Pubmed,Web of Knowledge,CNKI,CBM and Wanfang Data.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed and the valid data were extracted.Meta-analysis was conducted with the Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.0.Results Ten q-RCTs and one RCT were included.The quality of the studies were relatively low.Meta-analysis showed that compared with the traditional teaching method,high-fidelity simulation in medical training of CPR had no statistically significant differences in mastering the theoretical knowledge,but had statistically significant differences in mastering the CPR skills.Conclusions HFS in medical training of CPR skills is positive and effective,superior to the traditional teaching methods,but in terms of theoretical knowledge and satisfaction,self-confidence,more researches still need to be further confirmed.

A 44-year-old male presented with a neoplasm on the buccal side of the right nasolabial fold for more than two months.Dermatological examination showed a hemispherical bulge sized 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm with central crater-like ulceration on the buccal side of the right nasolabial fold,as well as a crescent-shaped elevation measuring 1.5 cm × 2.5 cm above the hemispherical lesion.Histopathology of the hemispherical lesion revealed irregularly downward proliferation of epidermis,crater-like holes filled with eosinophilic keratinous plug in the center which were surrounded by collar-shaped epithelial cell projections.Small neutrophil abscesses were found in the clumps of epithelial cells,and massive lymphocyte infiltration with a clear bottom boundary was observed around the proliferating epithelial cells.Histopathologic examination of the crescent lesion showed multiple irregularly-shaped lobular-like structures of various sizes with sebaceous glands at different degrees of maturity in the mid dermis,which were surrounded by proliferating connective tissue.Immunohistochemical studies showed that the squamous cells stained positive for cytokeratin (CK),CK5,CK14,CK17,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in the keratoacanthoma,and the sebaceous cells for CK,CK5,CK14 and EMA in the sebaceous adenoma.The pathological diagnosis was keratoacanthoma and sebaceous adenoma.The patient was diagnosed with moderately and poorly differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma in 2008.A diagnosis of Muir-Torre syndrome presenting as keratoacanthoma and sebaceous adenoma was finally made.

Objective To investigate the effect of valsartan on vascular endothelial function and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)in patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods Blood pressure,NO value and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were determined and analyzed in 30 patients with essential hypertension before and after therapy of valsartan.Results Both blood pressure and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity wefe re-duced greafly(P<0.05 and P<0.01),while serum NO increased significantly(P<0.01)following valsartan thera-Py,and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was well correlated to serum NO(r=-0.71,P<0.01).Conclusions Valsartan is not onlv effective in the control of blood pressure,but also effective in reveming the impaired endothelial function and artery elasticity in patients with essential hypertension,at the same time brachial-ankle pulse wave ve-locity is also good surrogate of endlothelial functional improvement induced by Valsartan therapy.

The epidemic characteristics and genotype of Bacillus anthracis strains in Liaoning Province ,China was analyze in this study .Six Bacillus anthracis strains from 2001 to 2011 were studied with multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) .BioNumerics4 .0 software was used to analyze the DNA fingerprint of statistics ,and cluster analysis results were obtained .Clustering analysis found that the 6 strains could be divided into two genotypes .For anthrax outbreaks ,the ge‐netic markers of multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat were highly similar .It's suggested that MLVA is quite useful for investigation of strain relatedness in regions of outbreaks .

Objective To study the influence of Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction on pulmonary tissue and lung function in mouse model of lung injury induced by PM2.5, and to provide an idea of clinical prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases induced by PM2.5. Methods Totally 30 clean level male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model group and Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction intervention group, with 10 mice in each group. Model of PM2.5-induced respiratory disease in mice was reproduced by instilling nasal cavity drip PM2.5 suspension 40 mg/kg once a day for 6 weeks. In the treatment group, the mice were fed with the Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction twice a day from the 4th week of instilling PM2.5 suspension until the end of experiment. In the normal control group, the mice were fed as usual. At the end of the experiment, the total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio was determined. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in lung tissue under light microscope. The inflammatory mediators levels in lung tissue were determined by antibody-sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Respiratory system damage model was successfully reproduced by dripping of PM2.5 suspension in nasal cavity. Compared with normal control group, inflammatory changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in model group were significant, and lung W/D ratio (4.71±0.33 vs. 3.13±0.12), total protein content in BALF (mg/L: 363.98±18.24 vs. 82.13±12.78), tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α (ng/L): 185.72±0.23 vs. 31.03±0.16], interleukin-8 [IL-8 (ng/L): 531.85±37.83 vs. 72.64±16.72], and leukotriene B4 [LTB4 (ng/L): 931.74±48.64 vs. 483.81±41.74] in lung tissue were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the inflammatory changes of lung tissue in Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction intervention group were significantly reduced, lung W/D ratio (3.92±0.41 vs. 4.71±0.33), total protein content in BALF (mg/L: 213.21±19.62 vs. 363.98±18.24), TNF-α (ng/L: 124.15±0.27 vs. 185.72±0.23), IL-8 (ng/L: 238.42±35.82 vs. 531.85±37.83) and LTB4 (ng/L: 582.85±31.00 vs. 931.74±48.64) levels in lung tissue in Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction intervention group were significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Qingzao Runfei Huazhuo Xingxue decoction can improve PM2.5-induced damage and pathological inflammatory changes in lung tissue, which provided some new ideas for the treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ropivacaine-induced convulsion on hippocampal synaptic development in neonatal rats.Methods Sixty 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats,weighing 40-41 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),single convulsion group (group SC),and recurrent convulsion group (group RC).Normal saline 0.1 ml was intraperitoneally injected in group C.Group SC received single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5％ ropivacaine 33.8 mg/kg.In group RC,0.5％ ropivacaine 33.8 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 5 consecutive days.The rats developed convulsion were included in the study.Five rats were selected at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion and at the age of 60 days in C and SC groups,and at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after the last convulsion and at the age of 60 days in group RC,the rats were sacrificed,and the hippocampus was removed for examination of the ultrastructure of neurons (with a electron microscope) and for determination of the number of synapses,synaptic space and thickness of synaptic density.Results Compared with group C,the number of synapses was significantly decreased,and the synaptic space was widened at 24 h and 3 days after convulsion,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h after convulsion in group SC,and the number of synapses was significantly decreased,and the synaptic space was widened,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion in group RC (P＜0.05).Compared with group SC,the number of synapses was significantly decreased,the synaptic space was widened,and the thickness of synaptic density was thinned at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion in group RC (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above at the age of 60 days between the three groups (P＞0.05).Neurons exhibited nuclear swelling,mitochondria showed edema,and disrupted mitochondrial cristae and vacuoles were observed at 24 h and 3 days after convulsion,and these changes mentioned above were significantly attenuated at 24 h,3 days and 7 days after convulsion.Conclusion Ropivacaine-induced convulsion exerts no effects on hippocampal synaptic development in neonatal rats.