Objective To assess the efficacy of the two antiviral medications in preventing cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients.Method We searched articles from Pubmed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Med Online,and China's biomedical journal citation database on line.Randomized controlled trials evaluating preemptive treatment and universal prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients were reviewed.Two reviewers screened studies and assessed study quality according to the study population,intervention measure and results.Finally data from included studies were subjected to meta-analysis.Result Six studies involving total 752 renal transplant recipients were included in this review.Compared with preemptive treatment,universal prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of cytomegalovirus infection at 3 rd and 12 th month,and the risk of cytomegalovirus disease at 12 th month after transplantation (RR =12.13,95 ％ CI.6.59～22.36,P＜0.05; RR =2.21,95％CI:1.62～3.01,P＜0.05; RR=1.79,95％Chl.22～2.63,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other opportunistic infection and acute rejection.Conclusion Universal prophylaxis was more effective than preemptive treatment in preventing CMV infection and CMV disease in renal transplant recipients.

Objective To intensify clinical evaluation on the manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant duodenal tumors. Method The clinical data of 81 patients with primary malignant duodenal tumors from 1990 to 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. Result Tumors located above, around and below the duodenal papilla accounted for 16%, 78%, 6% respectively. The common clinical presentations were weight loss(72%)?abdominal pain(64%)?jaundice(45%)?alimentary tract bleeding(40%)?vomiting(33%) and anemia(24%). The preoperative diagnosis rate was 80%. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in 54 cases, bypass operation in 21 cases, segmental duodenectomy and simple laparotomy in 2 cases each. The postoperative 3- and 5- year survival rate was 36% and 21% for patients undergoing curative resection. In those with bypass operation, the survival time was between 1～18 months. Two cases undergoing segmental duodenectomy died within one year. Conclusion Patients usually lack special symptoms and signs, early diagnosis is fairly difficult, pancreaticoduodenectomy performed for purpose of curative resection could improve the prognosis of this malignancy.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory action of ethanolic extracts from196kinds of Chi-nese herbs on tyrosinase.Methods Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was determined by the dopachrome method using L-DOPA as the substrate and the amount of dopachrome in the reaction mixture was measured by spec-trophotometer.Results Nine Chinese crude extracts[Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,Melaphis chinensis(Bell.)Baker,Cryptotympana atrata Fabricius,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,Sophora flavescens Ait.,Spirea thunbegii Sieb.et Bl.,Xanthium sibiricum Patr.,Morus alba L.,Rheum palmatum L.]showed potent inhibitory action on tyrosi-nase compared with positive control arbutin(1mmol/L,P0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that20kinds of crude extracts from Chinese herbs[Glycyrrhiza glabra L.,Melaphis chinensis(Bell.)Baker,Cryptotympana a-trata Fabricius,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.,Sophora flavescens Ait.,Spirea thunbegii Sieb.et Bl.,Xanthium sibiricum Patr.,Morus alba L.,Rheum palmatum L.,Artemisia anomala S.Moore,Hemistepta lyrata Bunge,Lycium chinensis Mill.,Dipsacus asper wall.,Gastrodia elata Bl.,Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.,Acer gin-nala Maxim.,Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Patrinia sabiosaefolia Fisch.,Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.)Ching,Lonicera japonica Thunb.,]inhibit tyrosinase and may be used as depigmentaty agents for pigmentary skin dis-eases caused by abnormal tyrosinase activity.

The study of viruses traditionally focused on their roles as infectious agents and as tools for understanding cell biology. Recently, however, with the development of structural biology, viruses have now been receiving particular attention in nanotechnology. By chemical methods or by gene modification, viruses have been functionalized as potential building blocks for several applications, such as drug/gene delivery vehicles, advanced vaccine vehicles, and special inorganic or organic nanomaterials. Here we highlight some of the recent progresses in the medical applications of viruses.
Biomedical Research ; trends ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Nanostructures ; Nanotechnology ; trends ; Vaccines ; Viruses

Gingival recession (GR) is characterized by exposure of the root surface into oral environment due to apical migration of the marginal gingiva to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). A high prevalence of GR has been reported in several representative population samples. GR may result in a certain degree of functional and aesthetic alterations if left untreated for long periods. In severe cases, root-dentin hypersensitivity, abrasion, abfraction and root caries may also be involved in GR, which increases the challenge of plaque control. The etiology of GR is multifactorial, including periodontal disease, local anatomical variation, tooth malposition, improper tooth brushing, mechanical trauma and iatrogenic factors, of which periodontal disease is the most common cause. The treatments of GR consist of nonsurgical and surgical therapy, and the latter generally involves mucogingival surgery to restore the aesthetics and function of the local gingival recession. However, over the past 50 years, the periodontal plastic surgical technique has evolved from the traditional free gingival graft method into a more advanced, minimally invasive tunnel technique. For this technique, sulcular incisions instead of vertical relieving incisions are provided through each recession area, and full thickness mucoperiosteal flaps are created and extended beyond the mucogingival junction to facilitate coronal displacement. Each pedicle adjacent to the recession is gently undermined to create a tunnel at recipient site, where either autograft or allograft can be used. A minimally invasive tunnel technique is a better method for root coverage and reduced postoperative patient discomfort. This technique is characterized by both practical and aesthetic features.

BACKGROUND:Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and improves muscle strength,but there is a lack of conclusive evidence on its effects on body composition.Controversial results from randomized controlled trials and multiple Meta-analyses pose a problem for clinical decisions on exercise interventions. OBJECTIVE:Based on the methodological paradigm of umbrella review,to explore the efficacy and safety of resistance exercise in improving the body composition of overweight and obese people. METHODS:We searched PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CNKI for systematic reviews on the effect of resistance exercise in overweight and obese people published from database inception to August 31,2022.Chinese search terms included"anti-resistance,resistance,self-weight,Meta,Meta-analysis,body composition,body fat percentage,fat mass,lean body mass,body mass."English search terms included"resistance training,strength training,weight-lifting strengthening program,body composition,body fat distribution,Meta-analysis,data pooling,overviews,clinical trial,clinical trial overviews."PRISMA was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies,and a GRADE evaluation system was used to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 14 Meta-analyses were included,and GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that 2 outcome indicators were intermediate,12 were low,and 14 were extremely low.Compared with the control group,23 of the 32 outcome measures showed significant improvement.The intervention effect of resistance exercise on body fat percentage has reached a consensus,but the intervention effects on lean body mass,body mass index and visceral fat still need further confirmation.Resistance exercise is an effective and safe method to improve the body composition of overweight and obese people.The overall quality of the research and the evidence quality of the outcome indicators included in the systematic evaluation are generally low.In the future,the initial state,exercise goal and willingness of the subjects should be fully combined on the basis of clarifying the sample characteristics and refining the scheme design.Through multiple,scientific and personalized exercise prescription designs of water,air and elastic resistance,the safety and compliance of resistance exercise can be improved,providing clear evidence-based support and decision-making basis for resistance exercise intervention.

Objective To evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of the Aeromonas strains isolated from extra-intestinal specimens during 7-year period in a tertiary hospital in Chongqing for appropriate antibiotic treatment.Methods WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical data and results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Aeromonas strains to 14 antibiotics according to CLSI breakpoints (CLSI-M45-A3).Results A total of 230 non-duplicate Aeromonas strains were collected from January 2010 to December 2016.The most common species were Aeromonas hydrophila (83.0％) and Aeromonas sobria (14.8％).Majority of the strains were isolated from wound secretion,bile and urine.Overall,46.8％ of the Aeromonas isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by ceftriaxone (37.0％) and cefuroxime (28.8％).More than 10％ of the strains were resistant to aztreonam,cefepime and ciprofloxacin.More than 90％ of the strains were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoxitin,levofloxacin,gentamicin,amikacin,imipenem and meropenem.Only 4.0％ and 1.7％ of the strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Aeromonas hydrophila showed higher antibiotic resistance than Aeromonas sobria to all the antibiotics tested except piperacillin-tazobactam,imipenem,and amikacin.None of the Aeromonas sobria isolates was found resistant to meropenem.Conclusions The Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria isolates are the dominant Aeromonas species in Chongqing.The antibiotic resistant profiles vary with Aeromonas species and site of infection.The use of third generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be cautious in Aeromonas infection due to the high resistance level.

Abstract As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted extensive attention. Children in a critical stage of growth and development are vulnerable to microplastics. Summarzing the relevant laws and regulations and the source of microplastics, the paper demonstrates the ways of microplastics entering human body, some toxic effects of microplastics found in recent experimental studies and their potential hazards to children s health are introduced in detail.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze variants of SMN gene in a Chinese pedigree affected with Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHODS: A Chinese pedigree diagnosed at the Nanchang First Hospital in January 2020 was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples were collected for the extraction of DNA. All exons of the SMN gene were detected by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Potential variants of the SMN gene were also detected by Whole exome sequencing (WES), and the result was verified by Sanger sequencing. cDNA extracted from fresh blood sample was used as a template to verify the location of variant on the SMN genes. RESULTS: The proband was found to harbor a heterozygous deletion of the SMN1 Exon7+Exon8, and a heterozygous c.81G>A variant. The SMN1 Exon7+Exon8 deletion was inherited from her father and grandmother, whilst the c.81G>A variant was inherited from her mother and maternal grandfather. Her aunt was also a carrier of the heterozygous deletion, while her paternal aunt, her husband, and their daughter were not. cDNA amplification and Sanger sequencing confirmed that the c.81G>A variant was located in the SMN1 gene. CONCLUSION MLPA combined with NGS and Sanger sequencing can identify compound heterozygous variants of the SMN gene in the SMA patients.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; DNA, Complementary ; East Asian People ; Fathers ; Mothers ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/diagnosis* ; Pedigree ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein/genetics*

In order to adapt to the needs of innovative medical personnel training,Zunyi Medical University conducted teaching reform and curriculum construction for human parasitology.Key teachers were trained by strengthening the construction of the teaching staff.Through the preparation of lessons,lectures,supervision and other measures,the teaching quality has been improved.Teaching reform was carried out by the introduction of humanities knowledge,scientific research training,and formative evaluation.Through the development of quality curriculum resources,standardized teaching archives,improved scientific research,and quality service for the society,the curriculum construction of human parasitology has been greatly improved.