The reversible phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role in various pathological and physiological processes. Src Homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2),a featured member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family,is identified as the first PTP proto-oncogene. SHP2 is associated with breast cancer,leukemia,lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,laryngeal cancer,oral cancer and other types of cancer. Signalling pathways involving SHP2 have also been discovered. It has been recently reported that the high expression of SHP2 in lung cancer regulates cancer cell proliferation,metastasis and drug resistance. SHP2 may be a potential thera?peutic target because it is implicated in many diseases. This article focuses on the research progress in functions of SHP2 in lung cancer.

BACKGROUND:Liquiritin has the protective and nutritive effects on neural stem cells. However, the effect of liquiritin on neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different concentrations of liquiritin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos. METHODS:Neural stem cells were separated from the embryonic brain of Kunming white mice at the gestational age of 14 days. The identification of embryonic neural stem cells was performed by immunocytochemistry method. The expression of neural stem cells-special genes was determined by qRT-PCR. The cell growth curve was drawn and proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells treated with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin for 48 hours was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) When cultured at day 5, al individual neural stem cells gathered together into neurospheres; with the extension of time, the neurospheres were enlarged, and gathered together into larger cell masses. (2) Results from immunocytochemistry showed that all the floating neurospheres was nestin-positive. Data from qRT-PCR revealed a higher expression of nestin mRNA, but there was no expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neural stem cells. (4) The growth of neural stem cells was slow at the beginning. After 2-3 days, the cell proliferation quickly entered the exponential phase. After 4 days, the cell proliferation gradually slowed down, and the overall cell growth entered into the platform period. (5) The cell proliferation after treatment with 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin was faster than that in the control group (0 g/L). To conclude, 2-8 g/L liquiritin could increase the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos.

BACKGROUND: Salvianolic acid B can ease nerve injury and promote neurogenesis, but its effects on proliferation,apoptosis and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of salvianolic acid B on proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of rat hippocampal neural stem cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation.METHODS: Hippocampal neural stem cells were isolated from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats, and divided into six groups, five of which were cultured in an incubator containing anaerobic mixtures (1% O2, 5% CO2 and 94% N2) for 150minutes followed by treatment with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/L), respectively.After 4 days of intervention, MTT was used to detect cell proliferation. After 48 hours of intervention, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis in the hippocampus. After 5 days of culture, flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the percentage of cells positive for neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Normally cultured cells acted as controls (normoxic group).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normoxic group, the proliferation of neural stem cells was decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and the rate of apoptosis was increased in the oxygen-glucose deprivation group (P <0.01). After treatment with different concentrations of salvianolic acid B, the cell viability and the ratio of neurons in total cells were increased, and the ratio of astrocytes was decreased, especially in 20 and 40 mg/L groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, these results suggest that salvianolic acid B alleviates adverse effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation on neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.

Objective To preliminarily understand the genotype characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii in blood of HIV?posi?tive persons in Lincang City,Yunnan Province. Method Two segments of SAG2 gene of T. gondii from blood samples of HIV?positive persons in Lincang City were extracted and amplified by using the nested PCR method and the genotype was identified and compared with the standard strain(Type I)of Toxoplasma gondii. Results Thirty?five SAG2 genes(241 bp)and 35 SAG2 genes(221 bp)of T. gondii were amplified from 170 blood samples of the HIV?positive people,and 4 of each case were selected and digested with enzyme,then 2 aim gene fragments of each case were chosen and compared with the standard strain (Type I)of T. gondii. The digestion of SAG2 gene(241 bp)showed the genotype of the blood samples was Type I or Type II, and the digestion of SAG2 gene(221 bp)confirmed that the genotype was Type I. Conclusion It is preliminarily confirmed that the genotype of T. gondii in blood of HIV?positive persons in Lincang City,Yunnan Province is Type I.

Objective: To investigate the proportion of achieving the blood lipid control target and its influencing factors among residents at a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), so as to provide insights into management of blood lipid among residents at a high risk of ASCVD. Methods: Residents at a high risk of ASCVD and at ages of 35 to 70 years were sampled using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 6 counties (districts) in Shaoxing City from May to July 2021. The residents' demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption and medical history of chronic diseases were collected using questionnaires, the height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured, and the total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting blood glucose were detected. The proportion of blood lipids achieving the control target was analyzed, and factors affecting the proportion of blood lipids achieving the control target were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 695 individuals at a high risk of ASCVD were enrolled, including 940 men (55.46%) and 755 women (44.54%), with a mean age of (62.56±6.08) years. There were 285 participants that achieved the target of blood lipid control (16.81%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (male, OR=1.962, 95%CI: 1.396-2.758), age (OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.013-1.061), WC (OR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.964-0.995), diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.981, 95%CI: 0.967-0.994), smoking (OR=1.485, 95%CI: 1.034-2.133), alcohol consumption (OR=0.684, 95%CI: 0.498-0.941), hypertension (OR=1.428, 95%CI: 1.006-2.207), administration of hypoglycemic drugs (OR=2.326, 95%CI: 1.720-3.144) as factors affecting the achievement of the target for blood lipid control among residents at a high risk of ASCVD. Conclusions Individuals at a high risk of ASCVD with higher WC, higher diastolic blood pressure and alcohol consumption are less likely to achieve the target for blood lipid control, while male individuals with older age, hypertension and administration of hypogcemic drugs are more likely to achieve the target for blood lipid control.

Objective To investigate the cognitive-communication ability of people aged 20-30 years in China. Methods 139 normal participants took part in the Cookie Theft test. 8 different indexes were used to analyze the language samples. These indexes were total words number, the percentage of incorrect statement, dysfluencies, providing structure support, repetition, content units, elaborations of content units and irrelevancies. Results The rater consistence reliability was 1, 0.89, 0.85, 0.93, 0.92, 0.98, 0.98, 0.62, respectively. Conclusion The norms have acceptable reliability.

Objective:To investigate the expressions and significances of autophagy-related genes Beclin-1, LC3 and p62 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:The clinical data of 112 patients with primary ESCC who underwent surgery at the 81st Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expressions of Beclin-1, p62 and LC3 proteins in 112 ESCC tissues and 31 adjacent normal esophageal mucosa tissues. Furthermore, the expressions of the above three autophagy-related markers in ESCC and the relationship between their expressions and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were analyzed.Results:The positive expression rates of Beclin-1, LC3 and p62 in ESCC tissues were 32.14% (36/112), 37.50% (42/112) and 63.39% (71/112), The positive expression rates of Beclin-1, LC3 and p62 in adjacent normal esophageal mucosa tissues were 61.29% (19/31), 64.52% (20/31) and 32.26% (10/31), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values ??were 8.715, 7.216 and 9.584, all P < 0.01). The positive expression rates of Beclin-1 and LC3 in ESCC were lower than those in adjacent normal esophageal mucosa tissues, and the positive expression rate of p62 in ESCC was higher than that in adjacentnormal esophageal mucosa tissues. In ESCC patients, the expression of Beclin-1 was related to histological grade, infiltration depth, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05); the expression of LC3 was related to infiltration depth and TNM staging (both P < 0.01); the expression of p62 was related to lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.01). In ESCC, the expression of LC3 was positively correlated with the expression of Beclin-1 ( r = 0.731, P = 0.001), and negatively correlated with the expression of p62 ( r = -0.215, P = 0.023). Conclusions:Autophagy plays a certain role in the occurrence and development of ESCC. Combined detection of autophagy-related genes Beclin-1, p62 and LC3 can assist clinical diagnosis and guide follow-up comprehensive treatment.