Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and highly malignant tumor,which includes the follow-ing five pathologic types:pleomorphic carcinoma,spindle cell carcinoma,giant cell carcinoma,carcinosarcoma and pulmonary blastoma.The onset of PSC is occult with non-specific clinical symptoms and signs.The clinical manifestations include irritat-ing cough,bloody sputum,dyspnea,chest pain and so on,which are closely related to the growth and invasion site of the tumor.PSC tends to metastasize early,so most patients are already in local advanced stage or advanced stage with a median survival of 9 months at the time of hospital visit.A patient with primary PSC which led to 90%stenosis in central airway was treated by com-bined method of vascular and tracheoscopic intervention in our respiratory center.This treatment prolonged the patient's survival time and got a satisfactory effect at 19-month follow-up after surgery.Herein we report the case for clinical reference.

Background and objective As a new technique developed in recent years,bronchoscopic interven-tion therapy has the advantages of minimal invasion,high safety and repeatability.The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of bronchopleural fistula(BPF)induced by surgeries for lung malignancies or benign diseases and the effect of bronchoscopic intervention therapy for BPF,so as to provide support for prevention and treatment of BPF.Methods Data 64 patients with BPF who were treated by bronchoscopic intervention in Respiratory Disease Cen-ter of Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from June 2020 to September 2023 were collected.Patients with fistula diameter ≤5 mm were underwent submucous injection of macrogol,combined with blocking therapy with N-butyl cyanoacrylate,medical bioprotein glue or silicone prosthesis.Patients with fistula diameter＞5 mm were im-planted with different stents and cardiac occluders.Locations and characteristics of fistulas were summarized,meanwhile,data including Karnofsky performance status(KPS),shortbreath scale(SS),body temperature,pleural drainage volume and white blood cell count before and after operation were observed.Results For all 64 patients,96 anatomic lung resections in-cluding pneumonectomy,lobectomy and segmentectomy were executed and 74 fistulas occurred in 65 fistula locations.The proportion of fistula in the right lung(63.5％)was significantly higher than that in the left(36.5％).Besides,the right inferior lobar bronchial fistula was the most common(40.5％).After operation,KPS was significantly increased,while SS,body tem-perature,pleural drainage volume and white blood cell count were significantly decreased compared to the preoperative values(P＜0.05).By telephone follow-up or readmission during 1 month to 38 months after treament,median survival time was 21 months.33 patients(51.6％)showed complete response,7 patients(10.9％)showed complete clinical response,18 patients(28.1％)showed partial response,and 6 patients(9.4％)showed no response.As a whole,the total effective rate of broncho-scopic intervention for BPF was 90.6％.Conclusion BPF induced by pulmonary surgery can lead to severe symptoms and it is usually life-threating.Bronchoscopic intervention therapy is one of the fast and effective therapeutic methods for BPF.

Pulmonary mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma(MSCGP)is a subtype of pulmonary papil-loma,which can be classified as central type and peripheral type based on its site of development.The central type is the most common.The clinical manifestations of pulmonary MSCGP are mainly related to the location of the tumor.Surgery is the main treatment for this disease.Bronchoscopic interventional treatment for the MSCGP in the central trachea could receive satis-factory effect.We reported a patient suffered from diffuse tracheal MSCGP who was treated by bronchoscopic interventional treatment in Respiratory Disease Center,Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,aiming to enhance the recognition of the clinical features and provide clinical references for the diagnosis and treatment of such disease.

Objective:To study the effect of splenic lymphocytes isolated from mouse models of colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases induced by oncolytic herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ(oHSV2) on the growth of pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma.Methods:A total of 18 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were selected, colorectal carcinoma cell line CT26 of mice in logarithmic phase was inoculated at the right back (2×10 5 per mouse) and spleen (1×10 5 per mouse) of mice, and tumor cells had hematogenous metastasis to liver through splenic vein. CT26 colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases model was constructed. All mice were respectively divided into oHSV2 group and phosphatic buffered saline (PBS) group, 9 mice in each group according to the random number table method. Mice in oHSV2 group were treated with subcutaneous intratumoral multi-point injection of 100 μl oHSV2 (the multiplicity of infection was 1) for 6 cycles, while mice in PBS group were treated with subcutaneous intratumoral multi-point injection of 100 μl PBS for 6 cycles in total, once injection every other day; the survival of mice was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method and tumor growth was observed. The mice of both groups in mouse models of colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases were killed on day 20 and their splenic lymphocytes were isolated. After investigation of the most suitable inoculation number and the optimal observation time of colorectal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases CT26 cell lines, 9 6-week-old BALB/c female mice were divided into the experimental group, the negative control group and the blank control group according to the random number table method, with 3 mice in each group. Mice in the experimental group were injected with splenic lymphocytes (4×10 7 per mouse) and CT26 cells (2×10 5 per mouse) isolated from mouse models induced by oHSV2 via the tail vein, mice in the negative control group were injected with splenic lymphocytes (4×10 7 per mouse) and CT26 cells (2×10 5 per mouse) isolated from normal mice with same weeks old via the tail vein, and mice in the blank control group were injected with only CT26 cells (2×10 5 per mouse) via the tail vein. The above 3 groups were executed on day 10 after inoculation, and tumor growth, histopathological changes of mice were also observed; the survival of mice was analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier method. Results:In models of colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases, liver metastases lesions were not detected in 7 mice and 2 mice had 1-2 liver metastases lesions with long diameter less than 2 mm of oHSV2 group; in PBS group, 9 mice all had multiple liver metastases lesions with tumor long diameter ranging from 1 to 10 mm. And mice in oHSV2 group survived much longer than that of mice in PBS group ( P < 0.001). In models of pulmonary metastases, the optimal number of CT26 cells in mouse tail vein was 2×10 5 per mouse; the best observation time point was day 10 after tail vein injection. On day 24 after inoculation, all mice in the negative control group and the blank control group died, while mice in the experimental group all survived on day 60, and the difference of the overall survival in the above 3 groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.007). HE staining results showed that the lung tissues of the experimental group did not show clear tumor cells, whereas the lung tissues of the negative control group and the blank control group showed extensive diffuse tumor cells. Conclusions:Splenic lymphocytes produced by oHSV2 induction in mouse models of colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases can effectively inhibit the development of pulmonary metastases in colorectal carcinoma CT26 cell of mice.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for Smilax glabra quality control. METHODS UPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， neoastilbin， astilbin， neoisoastilbin， isoastilbin， engelitin， resveratrol and isoengelitin in 20 batches of S. glabra from different areas （No. S1-S20）. The quality evaluation of 20 batches of samples was performed by chemometrics； the differential biomarkers that affected the quality of S. glabra were screened. RESULTS The measured 8 components had good linear relationship within the range of measured concentration （r≥0.999 6）. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests （24 h） were all lower than 2.00% （n＝6）. The average recoveries varied between 97.60% and 106.40% （RSDs were all lower than 2.00%， n＝6）. Cluster analysis showed that the samples produced in Zhejiang （S1-S5） and Jiangxi （S6-S10） were clustered into one category； the samples produced in Hunan （S11-S15） were clustered into one category； the samples produced in Yunnan （S16-S20） were clustered into one category. Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components could represent 85.60% information of 8 components in S. glabra. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that variable importance projection values of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， astilbin， isoastilbin and neoastilbin were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in the contents of the above 8 components in S. glabra from different origins； 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， astilbin， isoastilbin and neoastilbin may be differential markers affecting the quality of S. glabra.