Spinal cord injury is a kind of central nervous system injury disease caused by trauma. It was found that the up-regulation of autophagy after spinal cord injury could promote the repair of spinal cord injury. Under the condition of stress, autophagy can reduce the number of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles in cells to maintain the stability of intracellular environment. Chinese medicine with Huoxue Quyu Tongluo (against stasis obstructing meridian) efficacy has attracted much attention in the treatment of spinal cord injury, which may associate with the role of regulation of autophagy.

Starting from the syntactic features of Medical English , namely extensive use of nominalization structure, passive voice and complex sentences, the present research attempts to carry out an in-depth study of Medical English translation on the sentence level guided by Nida 's Functional Equivalence Theory . It attempts to combine the translation theory with the translation practice of Medical English, with a view to improving students' translation proficiency and promoting Medical English teaching.

Objective To observe the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride(PHC)on lipopo-lysaccharide-induced neonatal cardiomyocyte damage.Methods After the primary cardiomyocytes culture of neonatal rat on postnatal day 1,the myocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)group,the low dosage PHC pretreatment group and high dosage PHC pretreatment group.Activities of myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin and cell survival rate were measured.Expres-sion of NF-Κb(p65)and IκB-α(NF-κB inhibitor)phosphorylation were assessed using Western blot.Re-sults Compared with the control group,activities of myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin in the LPS group were elevated but the survival rate were down-regulated.All these effects were reversed in the PHC pretreatment group.Results of Western blot showed that phosphorylation of IκB-αand p65 expression were up-regulated in the LPS group.In the PHC pretreatment group,phosphorylation of IκB-αand p65 expres-sion were down-regulated.Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-in-duced neonatal cardiomyocyte damage and the down-regulation of NF-κB activity might be involved.

Background Open-globe injury of zone Ⅱ is a severe eyeball wound in the sclera area near 5mm from the corneal limbus.To accurately evaluate the local tissue structure after the wounding is very important for lessening the complications of eye injury.Ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) has been proven useful in examining eyeball wall and vitreous at the wound in order to offer the useful information about whether secondary operation is needed for the injured eyes and when is the optimal timing for surgery.Objective The present study is to explore the clinical application of UBM in open-globe injury of zone Ⅱ. Methods This is an observational study of clinical cases.UBM examination was performed on 38 eyes of 38 cases received emergency repair surgery of open-scleral injury.The restore status of sclera,ciliary body and vitreous of injuried zone (zone Ⅱ) were evaluated under the UBM in 3-5 days after the operation.The comprehensive results of UBM,B-scan and ophthalmoscope examinations were analyzed to determine the further treatment.The oral informed consent was obtained from each subject before this trial.Results Vitreous surgery were performed on 15 cases,and all wounds were found by UBM and were proven in the surgery.The other 23 cases were followed up in out-patient department and no obvious complications were found.Conclusion UBM is a valuable and atraumatic examination for open-globe injury of zone Ⅱ.It offers important and appraisal information about ocular injury.

AIM: To study the effect of safflower injection on expression of COX-2 mRNA in chronic hypoxic hypercapnic rat pulmonary arterioles.METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group,hypoxic hypercapnic group(B),hypoxic hypercapnia+ safflower injection group(C).The concentration of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1? in plasma and in lung were detected by the technique of radioimmunoassay.COX-2 mRNA was observed in arterioles from rats by the technique of in situ hybridization.RESULTS: ① Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP),weight ratio of right ventricle(RV) to left ventricle plus septum(LV+S) were much higher in B group than those in control group.No significant difference of mean carotid arterial pressure(mCAP) was observed in three groups.② The concentration of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1? were significantly higher in B group than those in control group.③ Light microscopy showed that vessel wall area/total area,the density of medial smooth muscle cells and the thickness of medial smooth cell layer were significantly higher in B group than those in control group.Electron microscopy showed proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibers in pulmonary arterioles in B group.Safflower injection reversed the changes mentioned above.④ Expression of COX-2 mRNA in pulmonary arterioles was much higher in C group than those in B group.Differences of COX-1 mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were not significant between these two groups.CONCLUSION: Safflower injection increases the expression of COX-2 mRNA in chronic hypoxic hypercapnic rat pulmonary arterioles,indicating an important mechanism that safflower injection inhibits the formation of hypoxic hypercapnia pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative management and therapeutic efficacy of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) in elderly patients with serious hemorrhoids. Methods The clinical data of 52 elderly patients (aged 60 years or over) with serious hemorrhoids treated by PPH from March 2005 to November 2007 were analyzed restrospectively. Results All the operations were successfully completed. The average operation time was (15.3±3.2) min, the average blood loss was (15±1.7) ml and the average hospitalization time was (4.5±2.6) days.Patients were followed for 1-20 months with (14.2±2.4) months for average. The follow-up rate was 92.3%(48/52). Complications included urinary retention in 18 cases(37.5%), anastomotic bleedings in 2 cases (4.2%), postoperative pain of anus in 4 cases (8.4%), recurrence in 1 case (2.1%),hypoglycemia in 1 case(2.1%), and 1 case (2.1%)was found stricture in rectum at 2 months after the procedure and no case developed rectovaginal fistula. Conclusions Old age is not the contraindication for PPH treatment of the serious hemorrhoids. Proper perioperative management may decrease the postoperative complications and improve the life quality of the patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid in the treatment of acute pain of vertebral compres-sion fractures during different courses. METHODS:207 patients with acute thoracic or (and) lumbar vertebral compression frac-tures were selected and randomly divided into trial group(107 cases)and control group(100 cases). Control group was given calci-um carbonate(1 200 mg/d)diclofenac sodium sustained-released tablet(75 mg/d).Trial group was additionally given zoledronic ac-id 5 mg added into 5%Glucose solution 100 ml,intravenous dripping for 15-30 min,on the basis of control group. RESULTS:Af-ter treatment,VAS score of two group decreased significantly,and trial group the decrease was more significant than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05),there was no statistical significance in VAS score between course≤one month and one month 0.05);after 4d treatment,there was statistical significance in VAS score between course≤one month and one month 0.05);after one week,there was statistical significance in VAS score between one month 2 months (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Zoledronic acid may partly alleviate the pain of acute vertebral fractures,the analgesic effect is more clear in early stage.

Objective To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) combined with intervertebral foramen injection on the lumbar facet joint syndrome.Methods Ninety-three patients presenting the syndrome were randomly divided into acombined group,ashock wave group and acontrol group,each of 31,according to a random number tab.All three groups were given a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,the shock wave group was additionally treated with a course of ESW,while the combined group received the shock wave treatment and lumbar intervertebral foramen injection.The three groups were assessed using theOswestry disability index (ODI),theRoland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)and a life quality scale (QOL-SF36) beforetreatment and after 1,4 and 8 weeks of treatment.Pain was reported using a visual analogue scale (VAS).Results Theaverage VAS,ODI,RMDQ and QOL-SF36 scores of the three groups had all improved after the treatment.After one week the average scores of VAS (2.6±1.4),ODI (15.9±8.3),RMDQ (9.9±5.4) and QOL-SF36 (74.6±17.1) of the combined group had improved significantly more than those of the control group [VAS (4.3± 1.3),ODI(22.8± 6.9),RMDQ (14.9±7.7) and QOL-SF36 (61.6±17.7)].Fourweeks after the treatment,the averageVAS,ODl,RMDQ andQOL-SF36 scores [(2.5±1.3),(15.1±7.3),(9.8±5.1) and (76.8±16.8)] of the shock wave group had improved significantly more than those of the control group [(3.9 ± 1.4),(20.3 ± 8.2),(13.9 ± 8.1) and (67.2±20.6)].Such significant improvements lasted until 8 weeks after the treatment.ConclusionsESW combined with intervertebral foramen injection can relieve the pain oflumbar facet joint syndrome,improve lumbar vertebral function and patients' quality of life.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of combining buprenorphine with joint mobilization in the treatmeut of periarthritis of the shoulder.Methods A total of 103 patients were randomly divided into groups A,B and C.Group A received buprenorphine and joint mobilization;group B was treated with the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug loxoprofen sodium and joint mobilization;group C received only joint mobilization.One week,3 weeks and three months after the treatment,the subjects used a visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate their level of discomfort,and Constant-Murley scores (CMS) and the degree of shoulder activity were quantified in all 3 groups.Any differences in the intensity of joint mobilization were also observed.Results The VAS ratings,CMS and the degree of activity of the shoulder joint improved significantly in all three groups after the treatment.One week after the treatment,the average VAS score of group A (2.8±1) was significantly lower than that of groups B (3.8±1) and C (4.5± 1.3),but group A's average CMS (60.1±10.7) had increased to significantly more than those of groups B (48.8± 11.0) and C (44.9±9.7).At the same time,the average shoulder joint rear protraction,90° extorsion abduction,internal rotation and external rotation angles of group A were all significantly bigger than those of groups B and C.The differences were maintained until at least three months after the treatment.One week after the treatment,the intensity of the joint mnobilization of group A was significantly higher than in groups B and C,with that discrepancy also continuing until at least 3 months after the treatment.Conclusions Buprenorphine combined with joint mobilization is very effective in the treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder.It is simple,safe and elicits good patient compliance.It is worthy of pronotion among shoulder periarthritis patients.

Objective To investigate the relation of autophagy and postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients,and provide new methods for prevention and treatment of postherpetic neuralgia.Methods One hundred thirty-five specimens were obtained from elderly patients with herpes zoster,containing 83 patients with herpes zoster plus neuralgia and 52 cases with non-neuralgia herpes zoster.The level of autophagy was determined by acridine orange-stain.The protein expressions of autophagy marker protein LC3 and autophagy related protein Beclinl were detected by Western blot.Results Flow cytometer detection after acridine orange-stain showed that mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of herpes zoster plus neuralgia patients was 0.775±0.068 and non-neuralgia herpes zoster patients was 0.342±0.025.The level of autophagy of non-neuralgia herpes zoster patients was significant lower than herpes zoster plus neuralgia patients (P＜0.05).The expressions of autophagy marker protein LC3 and autophagy related protein Beclin1 detected by Western blot also showed the level of autophagy of non-neuralgia herpes zoster patients was decreased compared with herpes zoster plus neuralgia patients.Conclusions High level autophagy is risk factor for postherpetic neuralgia in elderly patients.