Objective To compare the effects of epidural administration of different combinations of lidocaine, corticosteroids (dexamethasone, prednisolone) and vitamins(B 1,B 6,B 12 ) on epidural space adhesion and nerve root inflammation in rabbits Methods Forty eight adult Japannese white rabbits of either sex weighing (2 38?0 31)kg were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 15 mg?kg -1 and midazolam 0 2 0 3 mg?kg -1 A catheter was inserted into epidural space at L 2 when the ligamentum flavum was exposed by surgery and advanced caudally for 2 3cm Correct placement of the catheter in epidural space was confirmed by injecting 0 5% lidocaine 0 2 ml through the cathter when the animal was awake 24h after epidural cathter placement 0 2ml?kg -1 of normal saline containing talcum power 1mg?ml -1 was injected into epidural space 3 days later the animal were randomly divided into 8 groups: group Ⅰ received no treatment, group Ⅱ epidural normal saline 0 2ml?kg -1 , group Ⅲ epidural 0 5% lidocaine 0 2ml?kg -1 , group Ⅳ epidural compound lidocaine solution 1 (lidocaine 100mg +dexamethasone 10 mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0 2ml?kg -1 , group V epidural compound lidocaine solution 2 (lidocaine 100mg+prednisolone 50 mg in 20 ml normal saline)0 2 ml?kg -1 , group Ⅳ epidural compound lidocaine solution 3 (lidocaine 100mg+dexamethasone 10 mg+vitamin B 1 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0 2 ml/kg, group Ⅵ epidural compound lidocaine solution 4 ( lidocaine 100mg+dexamethasone 10 mg+vitamin B 6 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0 2 ml/kg, and group Ⅷ epidural compound lidocaine solution 5 (lidocaine 100mg+dexamethasone 10 mg+vitamin B 12 200mg in 20 ml normal saline) 0 2 ml/kg One week later animals were killed by intravenous injection of air Spinal column below L 1 was removed Epidural space and nerve root adhesion was checked first with naked eye then examined under microscope Epidural space adhesion was divided into 4 grades according to Rydell Results 1 Macroscopic examination of epidural space for adhesion: there was no significant different between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,Ⅲ, also between group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ; there was significant different between group Ⅰ and groupⅣ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ (P

Objective To predict the CTL epitopes of Tat exon 1 region in HIV-1 CRF07_BC strains, which were prevailing in China. Methods Total of 236 plasma samples were from the 3rd National HIV Molecular Epidemic Survey (NMES3). All the subjects were infected with HIV-1 CRF07_BC viruses. The tat exon 1 region was amplified by reverse transcription reaction and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR), then the PCR products were sequenced. The distribution of CTL epitopes of this region were predicted by on-line software BIMAS HLA Peptide Binding Predictions and statistics software. Results To-tal of 236 CRF07_BC strains were from 16 provinces, mainly in intravenous drug asers(58.9%)and then sex(25.0%). It was showed that there were 12 CTL epitopes of 236 Tat exon 1 region of CRF07_BC strains mainly located in proline-rich region, cysteine-rich region and core-region. Those epitopes were banded by 5 HLA presenting molecules in genotype(A * 2501 ,A * 2902, B * 15,B * 5301 and Cw * 1203) and 6 HLA presenting molecules in serotype (B53, B58 ,B57 ,A3 ,A68 and Cw12). The frequency of single amino acid substitution was more than 50% in 7 CTL epitopes. Conclusion The CTL epitopes in Tat exon 1 of CRF07 _BC strains were located in different functional regions, and there were some amino acid variations in them.

Objective To explore the association of CD22 gene T＞A locus (SNPrs2267574) with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE phenotypes in Southern Chinese Han people.Methods Two hundreds fifteen cases and 216 normal controls were enrolled with the aim of case-control design,and the genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP.We calculated X2 and ORs for association study.Results In CD22 gene T＞A locus,there was significant difference of genotypes distribution between cases and controls (X2=6.086,P＜0.05).The frequency of AT genotype was higher in cases than in controls (OR=1.68,95%CI:1.08～2.60,P=0.021 ),and A allele had a higher proportion in cases (OR=1.58,95%CI:1.09～2.29,P=0.015).Meanwhile,the frequency of A allele in patients with positive anti-SSA was higher than in patients with negative anti-SSA (OR=3.69,95%CI:2.08～6.52,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion In Southern Chinese Han population,CD22 gene T＞A locus is associated with the development of SLE and the A allele has positive association with anti-SSA.

By consulting the relevant literature and historical herbal literature,the name,origin and harvesting,efficacy and indications,as well as nature,taste,and meridians of Bunge pricklyash seed were reviewed."Jiaomu"as a medicinal herb name was first recorded in the"Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations",and later generations also used"Jiaomu"as a proper name.Bunge pricklyash seeds are the seeds of the Rutaceae plant Sichuan Bunge pricklyash seed or green Bunge pricklyash seed.They are harvested when they mature in autumn from August to October,and can be processed by net,stir-frying or salt.It can promote diuresis and reduce swelling,treat kidney deficiency and tinnitus,and is mainly used to treat bloating in the abdomen.It is non-toxic or slightly toxic.This article traced the origin of Bunge pricklyash seed,studied the history of medicine,clarified the original traditional Chinese medicine properties of Bunge pricklyash seed,and provided scientific basis for the correct clinical use and the national formulation of quality standards for this herb.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for Smilax glabra quality control. METHODS UPLC method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， neoastilbin， astilbin， neoisoastilbin， isoastilbin， engelitin， resveratrol and isoengelitin in 20 batches of S. glabra from different areas （No. S1-S20）. The quality evaluation of 20 batches of samples was performed by chemometrics； the differential biomarkers that affected the quality of S. glabra were screened. RESULTS The measured 8 components had good linear relationship within the range of measured concentration （r≥0.999 6）. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests （24 h） were all lower than 2.00% （n＝6）. The average recoveries varied between 97.60% and 106.40% （RSDs were all lower than 2.00%， n＝6）. Cluster analysis showed that the samples produced in Zhejiang （S1-S5） and Jiangxi （S6-S10） were clustered into one category； the samples produced in Hunan （S11-S15） were clustered into one category； the samples produced in Yunnan （S16-S20） were clustered into one category. Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components could represent 85.60% information of 8 components in S. glabra. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that variable importance projection values of 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， astilbin， isoastilbin and neoastilbin were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in the contents of the above 8 components in S. glabra from different origins； 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid， astilbin， isoastilbin and neoastilbin may be differential markers affecting the quality of S. glabra.

Three pairs of glycosidic 8,4'-oxyneolignane diastereoisomers, named isatioxyneolignosides A-F (-), were isolated from an aqueous extract ofroots. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and enzyme hydrolysis. The validity of Δvalues to distinguishandaryl glycerol units and Cotton effects at 235±5 nm to determine absolute configurations at C-8 in-and their aglycones (-) are discussed.

Six new indole alkaloid sulfonic acids (-), together with two analogues (and) that were previously reported as synthetic products, were isolated from an aqueous extract of theroot. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, combined with enzyme hydrolysis and comparison of experimental circular dichroism and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In the preliminary assay, compoundsandshowed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), respectively.