ObjectiveTo investigate the role and its mechanism of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in alveolar macrophages in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in rats.Methods Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 rats in each group: spontaneous breathing control group, normal tidal volume (VT) group (VT 8 mL/kg) and high VT group (VT 40 mL/kg). All of the rats underwent tracheotomy. Then rats in spontaneous breathing control group were kept to have spontaneous breathing, while rats in normal VT group and high VT group received mechanical ventilation. After 4 hours, the rats were sacrificed by carotid artery bleeding, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood serum and lung tissue were collected. Lung wet/dry ratios (W/D) were measured. Light microscopy and electron microscopy were performed to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue, and the ultrastructural changes in alveolar macrophages. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the total protein content in the BALF and the interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18) in the serum and BALF. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in alveolar macrophages were assayed by real-time fluorescent quantization reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot.Results The structure of lung tissue and alveolar macrophages of rats in spontaneous breathing control group and normal VT group appeared normal, while obvious inflammatory changes were found in high VT group. Compared with spontaneous breathing control group and normal VT group, the ratio of W/D (8.89±0.90 vs. 5.18±0.86, 5.71±0.82, bothP< 0.05), contents of total protein, IL-1β, IL-18 in BALF were significantly increased [total protein (g/L):2.34±0.41 vs. 1.77±0.14, 1.81±0.06, IL-1β (ng/L): 133.48±10.48 vs. 81.54±3.12, 83.80±5.22, IL-18 (μg/L):4.57±0.45 vs. 3.04±0.51, 3.43±0.43, allP< 0.05], and IL-1β and IL-18 in serum were also increased [IL-1β(ng/L): 105.06±10.18 vs. 65.11±8.58, 75.30±10.62, IL-18 (μg/L): 2.27±0.09 vs. 1.18±0.34, 1.43±0.15, all P< 0.05]. The mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and NF-κB in alveolar macrophages of high VT group were significantly increased compared with that of spontaneous breathing control group and normal VT group. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and NF-κB in high VT group were (8.53±2.21), (5.75±1.17), (7.47±1.23) and (10.86±2.38) folds of those in spontaneous breathing control group, and the protein expressions of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and NF-κB were (1.50±0.14), (1.49±0.04), (1.53±0.15) and (1.51±0.11) folds of those in spontaneous breathing control group (allP< 0.01). There were no significant differences in all the indexes between normal VT group and spontaneous breathing control group.ConclusionNLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages may be involved in the mechanism of occurrence of VILI.

The projection from the thalamus and mesencephalon to the cingulate gyrus in the rat was studied with the horeseradish peroxidase method. Results were as follows:When injections were made into the anterior part of the cingulate gyrus, the labeled cells were found mainly in the thalamic nuclei (AM, MD, LD) and the midbrain nuclei (SNC, AVT, nuclei raphe dorsalis and centeralis superior). When injection was made into the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus, a considerable number of HRP-positive neurons were seen in the laterodorsal nucleus (LD), mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and anterior thalamic nuclei (AM, AV, AD).When the injection was made into one side of the cingulate gyri, all labeled cells were found in the ipsilateral side, indicating the projection is uncrossed.

Objective To study effect of low molecular weight heparin combined with aspirin on hormone level and immune function in treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.Methods 118 cases patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion from January 2013 to December 2013 were divided into observation group and control group, control group was given low-dose aspirin therapy, observation group was given low molecular weight heparin combined with low-dose aspirin.hormone levels, immune function, therapy effect were compared between two groups.Result Clinical curative effect:observation group prevent miscarriage success rate 86.44% was significantly higher than control group 55.93%(χ2 =13.387, P<0.05); Hormone levels: observation group serum HCG, P, E2 levels were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05); Immune function: observation group IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly lower than control group, IL-4 were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05);Adverse reaction:there were no statistical differences of adverse reaction between two groups(22.03% vs 15.25%)(χ2 =0.894, P>0.05).Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin combined with aspirin therapy help to improve recurrent hormone levels and immune function, then improve prevent miscarriage success rate.

The projection from the ventral posterior nucleus (VP) of the thalamus to the somatic sensory cortical area (SmI) in the rat was studied with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method.When injections were made into the anterior part of SmI (Brodmann 3), labeled cells were found in the ventral area of caudal VP. When injections were made into the posterior part of SmI (Brodmann 3,1), Iabeled cells were observed in the dorsal area of caudal VP. With injections located near the superior part of SmI (Brodmann 3), labeled cells were found in the lateral area of VP. When injections were made into the inferior part of SmI (Brodmann 2), labeled cells were seen in the medial area of VP.All labeled cells were observed in the injected side, indicating that the projection is uncrossed.Neurons in VP Projecting to Brodmann 2 is less than those projecting to Brodmann 3.Relationship between the quantity of labeled neurons and the amount of projection fibers was discussed.

Objective:To explore the Wnt-β-catenin signal molecule expression level in acute kidney injury rats renal tissue. Methods:A total of 48 rats accorded to the random number table method were divided into normal control group ( Control group) ,sham operation group ( Sham group) and ischemia reperfusion group ( IRI group) ,each group with 16 rats,Control group was given normal fed,IRI group were established ischemia reperfusion injury rats model,Sham group opened dorsal skin and then wound was closed. 4 rats were sacrificed respectively at 1,3,5,7 d after surgery,the pathological changes of kidney tissue were observed in the three groups,and the serum creatinine,urea level was detected in the three groups. Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 protein expression was detected in three groups of rats by Western blot,Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 mRNA in renal tissues were detected by Real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results:There was no significant difference in renal injury score and serum creatinine between Control group and Sham group (P>0. 05),IRI group kidney injury score and serum creatinine,urea first increased and then gradually decreased,which was the highest in 3 d after surgery,IRI group renal injury score and serum creatinine,urea were significantly higher than those in Control group and Sham group 1,3,5,7 d after surgery (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 protein between Control group and Sham group (P>0. 05),IRI group Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 protein gradually increased,which reached to peak at 5 d after surgery,and then gradually decreased,IRI group Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 protein were significantly higher than those in Control group and Sham group 1,3,5,7 d after surgery(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 mRNA between Control group and Sham group (P>0. 05),IRI group Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 mRNA gradually increased,which reached to peak at 3 d after surgery,and then gradually decreased,IRI group Wnt4,β-catenin,Lrp6 mRNA were significantly higher than those in Control group and Sham group 1,3,5,7 d after surgery (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The expression of Wnt-β-catenin signal molecule are significantly increase in acute kidney injury,and the activation of Wnt-β-catenin signal pathway is involved in the repair process of renal tissue.

Objective: To examine the correlation between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) and placental mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) copy number among pregnant women, so as to provide the evidence for evaluation of potential effects of PAHs exposure during pregnancy on offspring health. Methods: A total of 200 pregnant women delivered at a tertiary hospital in Urumqi City during the period from January to October 2019, and their newborns were recruited, and grouped according to the time of delivery, including the heating group [delivery during the heating period ( from January to April ) ] and the non-heating group [delivery during the non-heating period (from July to October) ]. Subjects'age, ethnicity, educational level and type of home heating were collected, and the total concentration of 16 PAHs was determined in the blood samples of pregnant women and their babies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Placental DNA was extracted, and placental mtDNA copy number was measured using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay. In addition, the correlation between PAHs concentration and placental mtDNA copy number was examined using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results: There were 100 subjects in the heating group, which had a median age of 29 ( interquartile range, 3 ) years and had a mean gestational age of ( 275.06±0.72 ) days, and there were 100 subjects in the non-heating group, which had a median age of 29 ( interquartile range, 4 ) years and had a mean gestational age of ( 276.82±0.66 ) days. The total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women [15.71 (4.30) vs. 12.98 (5.49) μg/L; P<0.05 ], the total concentration of PAHs in neonatal blood [ 14.29 (4.25) vs. 11.24 (5.09) μg/L; P<0.05 ] and the placental mtDNA copy number [4.67 (1.18) vs. 4.51 (0.62); P<0.05] were all higher in the heating group than in the non-heating group. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women and neonates was positively correlated with placental mtDNA copy number ( rs=0.240, P=0.001; rs=0.273, P<0.001 ), and the total concentration of PAHs in the blood of pregnant women was positively correlated with the placental mtDNA copy number in the heating group ( rs=0.245, P=0.014 ), while the PAHs concentration in the neonatal blood was positively correlated with the placental mtDNA copy number in the non-heating group ( rs=0.292, P=0.003 ). Conclusions Exposure to PAHs positively correlates with placental mtDNA copy number among pregnant women, and there is a correlation between maternal exposure to PAHs and neonatal oxidative stress.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction among primary and middle school students in Jiaxing City, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions for Internet addiction among primary and middle school students. Methods: A total of 1 701 students were sampled from two primary schools, two junior high schools, two senior high schools and two vocational high schools in Jiaxing City during the period between September and October, 2021, using the stratified cluster sampling method. The Internet addiction status was evaluated using the Internet Addiction Test, and the depression status was tested using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), while the anxiety was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Results: The participants included 783 men (46.03%) and 918 women (53.97%), and 873 rural students (51.32%) and 828 urban students (48.68%). The overall detection of Internet addiction was 6.53% among the participants, and the prevalence of moderate and severe Internet addiction was 5.88% and 0.65%, respectively. A higher prevalence of Internet addiction was detected in rural students (χ2=4.695, P<0.05), junior high school students (χ2=65.337, P<0.05), students with a poor relationship with family members (χ2=39.231, P<0.05), teachers (χ2=28.799, P<0.05) and classmates (χ2=36.341, P<0.05). The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 23.81% and 21.52%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were both higher among primary and middle school students with Internet addiction (68.47% and 56.76%) than among those without Internet addiction (χ2=130.556 and 87.327, both P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of Internet addiction is high among primary and middle school students living in rural areas and with poor interpersonal relationships in Jiaxing City. Students with Internet addiction are more likely to develop depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Objective To observe the expression of PECAM-1 in colorectal cancer in rat and to explore the mechanism of lymphatic metastasis of tumor. Methods Wistar rats were used to make the animal model of primary colorectal cancer,by using HE staining,the cancer type and progression of cancer were devided.By immunohistochemistry staining,the expression of PECAM-1 in tumor tissue,blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed. Results PECAM-1 expression in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were observed in normal tissue,while its expression on tumor tissue and lymphatic vessels decreased according to the cancer progression.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be involved in the early process of tumor cells adhering to the endothelium;decreased expresson of PECAM-1 on lymphatics may be related with lymphangiogenesis and the opening of endothelial junction of lymphatic vessels.

Objective To analyse the expression patterns of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR-3) at the protein and mRNA level,and to detect the biological function of VEGFR-3 in the lymphangiogenesis of the embryos. Methods A total of 61 specimens of skin were investigated by immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody against VEGFR-3 in embryo 15-day-old(E15) and in embryo 21-day-old(E21).The expression of VEGFR-3 mRNA was studied in situ hybridization. Results The positive expression of VEGFR-3 can be seen in lymphatic vessels of the embryonic skin.The occurrences of VEGFR-3 protein in lymphatic vessels in E15 and in E21 were 38.71%(12/31) and 73.33%(22/30) respectively,the expression level of VEGFR-3 protein in E21 was significantly higher than that in E15(?~2=7.408,P

AIM　To determine whether ONO-1078 {pranlukast, 4-oxo-8-［p-(4-phenylbutyloxy) benzoyl-amino]-2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran hemihydrate}, a potent leukotriene antagonist, has protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS　Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in mice. ONO-1078 (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg*kg-1), dexamethasone (0.5 mg*kg-1), nimodipine (0.2 mg*kg-1) or saline (control) were injected ip once daily for 3 days, and 30 min before MCA occlusion. Twenty-four hours after cerebral ischemia, the neurological scores were evaluated, infarct volumes and areas of the right and left cerebral hemispheres were measured by computer imaging analysis. RESULTS　ONO-1078, dexamethasone and nimodipine reduced the neurological scores. ONO-1078 and dexamethasone reduced the ratio of right/left hemisphere area, indicating inhibition of brain edema, while nimodipine showed no effect. ONO-1078 dose-dependently reduced infarct size, and dexamethasone and nimodipine showed the same effect. CONCLUSION　ONO-1078 showed protective effect on focal cerebral ischemia. This may represent a novel approach to the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia.