To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occlusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/*complications ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnosis ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery ; *Cholesterol ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/*complications ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/surgery ; Otitis Media/diagnosis ; Otitis Media/*etiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To observe growth inhibition effect of perlecan anti-sense cDNA (pAP) on human laryngeal carcinoma xnografted in nude mice. To vertify its antitumor effect and mechanism in vivo, and it may be useful as a biomarker in carcinoma of larynx cancer. METHOD: Created the model of human laryngeal carcinoma xnograft in nude mice. To observe growth of those xnografts in nude mice and draw growth curve of xnografted. The expression of perlecan mRNA and portein in xnografts were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULT: Volume of xnografts in the group transfected by the plasmids of pAP were significant small as compared with other two groups made by the wild type cells and phpApr-neol cells (P < 0.05). It was showed that the expression of perlecan mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in the tumor of pAP transfected Hep-2 cells as compared with the tumors transfected by the wild type cells and phβApr-neol cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data raise the possibility that pAP many play key roles in the growth of those xnografts in nude mice.
Animals ; DNA, Antisense ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Complementary ; Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ; genetics ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Plasmids ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.23.008

In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance, the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P < 0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ill + IV tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage I + II tissues of LSCC (P < 0.01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r = 0.756, P < 0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*biosynthesis ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Tumor Markers, Biological ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics

Objective:To detect the value of utilizing bpMRI in prostate biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer with PSA≤20ng/ml.Methods:The clinical data of 394 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Of all the patients, 177 underwent modified systematic biopsy, named TRUS group, 217 patients accepted pre-biopsy bpMRI examination, undergoing modified systematic biopsy if Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score < 3 or MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion targeted prostate + systematic biopsy if PI-RADS score ≥ 3, named MRI group. The median age of TRUS group was 66 (61, 74) years old, prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 9.52 (7.26, 12.30) ng / ml, and prostate volume (PV) was 36.84 (28.95, 57.72)ml. The median age of MRI group was 66 (59, 72) years old, PSA was 8.84 (6.65, 12.16) ng/ml, and PV was 39.45 (29.25, 58.69)ml. There was no difference in above parameters between the two groups. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rate of prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer between TRUS group and MRI group [51.41% (91/177) vs. 48.39% (105/ 217), P = 0.550], but the detection rates of CsPCa were significantly different [26.55% (47/177) vs. 36.41% (79/217), P = 0.037]. In patients with PSA ≤ 10 ng / ml, there was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer between the two groups [43.62% (41/94) vs. 43.08% (56/130), P = 0.936], but there was a significant difference in the detection rates of CsPCa [17.02% (16/94) vs. 28.46% (37/130), P = 0.047]. There was no significant difference in the detection rates of prostate cancer [60.24% (50/83) and 56.17% (48/87), P= 0.504] and the detection rates of CsPCa [37.35% (31/83) vs. 48.28% (42/87), P = 0.150] between the two groups. The total detection rates of the last two needles in TRUS group and MRI group were 23.16% (41/177) and 36.63% (86/217), respectively, with significant difference ( P=0.001); the detection rates of CsPCa in the last two needles were 11.86% (26/177) and 29.03% (63/ 217), respectively, with significant difference ( P < 0.001). In MRI group, the detection rates of prostate cancer in patients with PI-RADS score <3, 3, 4, 5 were 21.21% (7/33), 25.84% (23/89), 73.24% (52/71), 95.83% (23/24), respectively; the detection rates of CsPCa were 12.12% (4/33), 17.98% (16/89), 54.93% (39/71), 83.33% (23/24), respectively. Conclusions:In patients with PSA ≤ 20 ng / ml, prostate biopsy based on bpMRI may improve the detection of CsPCa, especially in patients with PSA ≤ 10 ng/ml.

OBJECTIVE: To make clear the molecular pathways involved in hydrogen peroxide-induced spiral ganglion cells death. METHOD: The spiral ganglion cells of the newly born rats were primary cultured. Then the SGCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide for different concentrations (0, 100, 200, 500 micromol/L) and for different hours (2, 4, 6 h). Cell nucleic were stained simultaneously with the DNA binding dyes Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide. RESULT: At lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, apoptosis was the main reason for cell death. At higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, the cells died mainly by necrosis. CONCLUSION The effects of hydrogen peroxide are dose and time dependency. Reactive oxygen species may play a role as an early molecule signal in the mechanism of SGCs death.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spiral Ganglion ; cytology ; drug effects

To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of cholesteatoma otitis media accompanied by cholesterol granuloma and the relationship between cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma, 63 cases of middle ear cholesterol granuloma treated in our hospital during the period from March 1988 to May 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were surgically and pathologically verified. 15 cases of cholesteatoma coexisting with cholesterol granuloma were found among the 63 patients. All 15 cases had a long-term history of otitis media, such as otorrhea (sanguine purulent otorrhea and bloody otorrhea in 8 cases) and perforation of the eardrum (perforation of pars flaccida in 8 cases). Temporal bone CT scans showed cholesteatoma in 11 cases. All patients were treated surgically, and cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma were found coexisting alternately, the latter lying mainly in the tympanic antrum, attic and mastoid air cells. Chocolate-colored mucus was accumulated in well-developed mastoid air cells, and glistening dotty cholesterol crystals were also found. In most cases, enlarged aditus, destruction of lateral attic wall, erosion of ossicular chain, exposure of horizontal segment of facial nerve and tegmen of attic were observed. Occlusion of Eustachian tube was noted in 6 cases, and occlusion of tympanic isthmus was revealed in all cases. A post-operative dry ear was achieved in all patients, and hearing improvement was achieved in all 12 cases following tympanoplasty. Cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma in middle ear may share a common pathophysiological etiology: occlusion of ventilation and disturbance of drainage. The diagnosis should be considered when patients presented with chronic otitis media with bloody otorrhea. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for the diagnosis before operation. The surgical approach depends on the location, extension and severity of the lesion. The purpose of surgery is to remove the lesion and create an adequate drainage.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

The remodeling process of synapses and eurotransmitter receptors of facial nucleus were observed. Models were set up by facial-facial anastomosis in rat. At post-surgery day (PSD) 0, 7, 21 and 60, synaptophysin (p38), NMDA receptor subunit 2A and AMPA receptor subunit 2 (GIuR2) were observed by immunohistochemical method and emi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Meanwhile, the synaptic structure of the facial motorneurons was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The intensity of p38 immunoreactivity was decreased, reaching the lowest value at PSD day 7, and then increased slightly at PSD 21. Ultrastructurally, the number of synapses in nucleus of the operational side decreased, which was consistent with the change in P38 immhnoreactivity. NMDAR2A mRNA was down-regulated significantly in facial nucleus after the operation (P00<0.05), whereas AMPAR2 mRNA levels remained unchanged (P>0.05). The synapses innervation and the expression of NMDAR2A and AMPAR2 mRNA in facial nucleus might be modified to suit for the new motor tasks following facial-facial anastomosis, and influenced facial nerve regeneration and recovery.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the characteristics between lentivirus and adenovirus vector mediated gene transfer into cultured spiral ganglion cells (SGCs). METHOD: SGCs from newborn rats were cultured and exposed to lentivirus-GFP and adenovirus-GFP vectors. GFP expression and the cell morphology were evaluated under epi-fluorescence microscope at 3 days and 7 days after exposure. Survival number of SGCs was counted, and the average percentage of SGCs with GFP expression was calculated, and axon length was measured by ImageJ software. RESULT: Cultured SGCs were transfected by either adenovirus or lentivirus vector successfully. The adenovirus vector presented an instant and efficient transfection. However, the expression of GFP went down after 7 days. In lentivirus-GFP group, GFP expression was detected at 7 days after exposure, and the number of cells with GFP expression increased gradually in the following days. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no differences in survival number of SGCs and average axon length among lentivirus-GFP group, adenovirus-GFP group and control group. CONCLUSION Cultured SGCs can be transfected by either lentivirus vector or adenovirus vector safely and efficiently. SGCs are more susceptible to adenovirus vector, but GFP persists for a longer period after the lentivirus-mediated gene transfer.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Rats ; Spiral Ganglion ; cytology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transfection

In order to study the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its significance,the expression of VEGF mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in 62 cases of LSCC and 54 adjacent noncancerous laryngeal tissues and 9 normal human laryngeal mucous tissues was detected by using techniques of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was found that the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC as compared with that in the normal human laryngeal mucous tissues (both P＜0.01), and the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 mRNA were significantly increased in stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ tissues of LSCC as compared with the stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ tissues of LSCC (P ＜0. 01). There was a high positive correlation between VEGF and COX-2 expression in LSCC (r=0. 756,P＜0.01). These data raise the possibility that VEGF and COX-2 may play key roles in the growth, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.