Objective To investigate the cognition level and education demand of occupational protection knowledge among nursing students in clinical practice in the hospitals of Shanghai and analyze its related factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey involving 360 nursing students was conducted in Shanghai.The survey content included occupational protection knowledge,demand and suggestions about setting up occupational protection curricula.Results The mean knowledge score was 5～13 points,with an average of (9.33±1.62)points.In multiple regression models,the level of hospital and educational status were related factors for knowledge level.The occupational protection knowledge mainly from school education accounted for 59.4％,considering it necessary to set up occupational protection curricula accounted for 60.5％.Ways of acquiring occupational protection were:teachers integrating related knowledge into teaching,receiving related education before clinical practice,and being given warning before dangerous operation,accounting for 43.7％,30.8％ and 16.2％.Conclusions Nursing students require a comprehensive foundation course in occupational protection before they enter the clinical practice.This will help to ensure their physical and mental health.

Objective To observe the predictive value of Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) and hemorrhage after thrombolysis score (HAT score) for the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) patients after thrombolysis with Alteplase.Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with ACI admitted to the Department of Neurology of Tianjin Jinghai District Hospital from January 2015to March 2017 were enrolled, they were all treated by using Alteplase 0.6 mg/kg for thrombolysis, maximum dose being 90 mg, and 1/10 of the total dose was intravenously injected in 1 minute, and then the residual part dissolved in 100 mL normal saline was intravenously dripped continuously for 1 hour. The ASPECTS and HAT score were carried out before the start of thrombolysis, and then the HT incidence situations in patients with different ASPECTSs and HAT scores were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of HT after thrombolysis in patients with ACI; then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the clinical value of HAT score and ASPECTS in diagnosing HT occurrence was analyzed.Results In cases with ACI, it was discovered that the higher the ASPECTS, the lower the incidence of HT, indicating that the incidences of HT in patients with ASPECTSs 0-4, 5-7, 8-10 were 57.1% (4/7), 26.7% (8/30), 14.3% (12/84) respectively; Similarly, in such cases, the higher the HAT scores, the higher the incidence of HT, showing that the incidences of HT of patients with HAT scores 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 were 7.1% (4/56), 21.0% (8/38), 33.3% (7/21), 83.3% (5/6) respectively. The single factor analysis showed that the risk factors influencing the HT incidence included the systolic blood pressure on admission, anti-platelet medicine taken in the past history, the sign of high density of middle cerebral artery shown in head CT film on admission, the time of interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of thrombolysis, HAT store and ASPECTS [odds ratio (OR) values were 0.972, 0.279, 0.992, 0.311, 2.628, 2.625, respectively, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were 0.9352-1.012, 0.093-0.836, 0.983-1.000, 0.105-0.916, 1.362-5.071, 1.522-4.525,P values were 0.034, 0.023, 0.042, 0.034, 0.003, 0.045 respectively]; the multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors influencing HT incidence were as follows: the systolic blood pressure on admission, anti-platelet medicines taken in the past history, the sign of high density of the middle cerebral artery shown in the head CT film on admission, the time of interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of thrombolysis, HAT score and ASPECTS (OR values were 1.766, 1.012, 1.574, 1.030, 2.155, 2.431, 95%CI were 1.233-2.103, 1.009-1.204, 1.186-2.091, 1.009-1.053, 1.237-4.907, 1.213-5.815,P values were 0.023, 0.004, 0.002, 0.005, 0.007, 0.047); HAT score and ASPECTS could predict the risk of HT incidence after venous thrombolytic therapy, sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC curve (AUC), 95%CI in ASPECTS were higher than thoes of HAT score (94.4% vs. 94.0%, 61.4 vs. 41.0%, 0.77 vs. 0.70, 0.710-0.830 vs. 0.650-0.800).Conclusions It is shown in this study that the higher the ASPECTS, the lower the incidence of HT, and the higher the HAT score, the higher the incidence of HT; both HAT score and ASPECTS can predict the risk of HT incidence after venous thrombolytic therapy, and the predictive value of ASPECTS system is higher than that of HAT score.

Objective To develop a sensitive and stable substrate for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and carry out methodology evaluation tests on it .Methods A kind of substrate with tetramethyl benzidine and urea peroxide as its main compo‐nents were made up ,its sensitivity ,precision and storage stability were evaluated and compared with other three kinds of substrate . Results This substrate was more sensitive than two of the three commercial substrates .The variable coefficient of precision test was 3 .5% .The optical densities(OD) of the new substrate after stored one day ,seven days ,one month ,six months ,twelve months in 4 ℃ environment were 2 .268 、2 .403 、2 .358 、2 .278 、2 .330 respectively ,the standard deviation was 0 .056 185 ,the variable coeffi‐cient was 2 .4% .Conclusion The substrate proposed in this paper displays good sensitivity ,precision and stability .The preparation method is simple ,reproducible .This substrate not only satisfies the requirements of laboratory research ,but also meets with the de‐mands for commercial kit development due to its function as an important component of test kits .It is an economical and effective choice for both laboratories and research transformation .

TCM medical service trade is an important component of TCM service trade. Developing TCM medical service trade has wide market and strategic importance. Development of TCM medical service trade in China is still in the initial exploring stage with small scale and dominated by the government. Recently, foreign patients prefer TCM medical serve. TCM medical service trade in abroad shows the partial and small scaled characteristics. The number of joint venture TCM treatment centers is small, and movement of personnel is rare. In order to promote the development of TCM service trade, this article proposed the following four suggestions: conducting TCM international tele-medicine service trade, developing TCM medical travel, investing more in the development of foreign TCM medical centers, expanding the scale of exporting TCM medical talents.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) at different ages receiving intravenous injection of alteplase for thrombolysis on their prognosis.Methods Ninety-eight ACI patients admitted to Jinghai Hospital of Tianjin from January 2014 to December 2015 were conducted in this study, and they were divided into elderly group (over 75 years old) and younger age group (under 50 years old). The patients in two groups of were given intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (0.9 mg/kg), 10% of the dose was intravenously injected, and continuously the remaining dose was pumped into the vein for 1 hour. Before the thrombolysis and 1 day and 21 days after thrombolysis, the score of United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate neurological deficits, the incidence of bleeding adverse event and mortality were recorded.Results Compared to the before thrombolysis, the NIHSS scores after thrombolysis on the 1st day and 21st day were significantly decreased in the two groups (the younger age group 1 day: 6±4 vs. 10±5, 21 days 2±2 vs. 10±5, the elderly group 1 day: 7±5 vs. 10±7, 21 days: 6±4 vs. 10±7, allP < 0.05), and NIHSS score in the younger age group was significantly lower than that in the elderly group on the 21st day after thrombolysis (2±2 vs. 6±4,P < 0.05). After thrombolysis, the incidence of minor mucocutaneous bleeding in elderly group was obviously higher than that in younger age group, the difference being statistically significant [7.69% (4/52) vs. 2.17% (1/46),P < 0.05]; the elderly group had higher symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and death events than those in younger age group [1 (1.92%) vs. 0].Conclusion Different ages of patients with ACI can benefit from intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase, showing the younger the age of the patients, the better the benefit they can get and have relatively better prognosis.

Oxymatrine is an alkaloid from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sophora flavescens Ait. which has many pharmacological effects. We studied the effects of oxymatrine on the proliferation of human tonsillar cells and mouse splenocytes with or without mitogens. The results show that oxymatrine can augment the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show low PHA & tSAC response capacity. On the other hand, oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show high PHA & SAC responses capacity. The effects of oxymarine on mouse splenocytes are the same with the latter.

Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge and behaviors among female sex workers(FSWs) and their male clients from the same community.Methods One hundred and seventy seven FSWs and one hundred and fifty four male clients were recruited from entertainment venues in the same community by random sampling,and anonymous questionnaires were administered separately.Results(1)Over 80% of FSWs and their male clients understood the basic routes of HIV transmission,but many of them were unclear about non-HIV transmission routes.(2)97.7% of FSWs and 84.2% of the male clients used condoms during their commericial sexual intercourse.The frequency of using condoms during sex with casual or regular sex partners was lower than that during the commercial sexual intercourse(P

Objective To test the possibility that the thoracic defomity is a risk factor of the diopathic pneumothorax in youth by making a statistical analysis of the thoracic sagittal diameter and transverse diameter ratio in patients and normal people. To study the correlation between this ratio and age of the patients. Methods 107 cases of idiopathic pneumothorax were taken as subjects and other 105 cases in' the same period with normal pneumothorax were used as the control group. T-test,correlation study and scottered spot maps were made based on the ratio of vertical and horizontal diameters,the mean and the age. Results The mean thorax aspect ration( MTAR) of the patients with spontaneous pneumothorax was 0.38, and MTAR in normal people was 0.44, indicating a statistical significance ( P < 0.01) of the difference of MTAR between the two groups. The age of the patients' first onset age and the ratio of vertical and horizontal diameter was positively correlated. Conclusion Thoracic deformity of idiopathic pneumothorax had a higher incidence in young people,and there was a positive correlation between of the age of their first onset and the ratio of vertical and horizontal tracks.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the values of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in the older patients using thymosin ?1 combined with Sulperazone.METHODS The thirty five older patients with drug-resistant P.aeruginosa pneumonia were divided into two groups,one group was treated with thymosin ?1 combined with Sulperazone,the other group was treated with Sulperazone alone.We observed the changes in clinical symptom of the patients,results in culture of sputum,routine blood test,C-reactive protein(C-RP),albumin,pre-albumin,and T cell subset before and after drug use.RESULTS The clinical symptoms of the patients were improved,days of disappeared drug resistance of P.aeruginosa,reconverted normally days of routine blood test,decreased concentration of CRP,albumin,and pre-albumin reconverted to normalize,increased percent of CD4+,decreased percent of CD8+,CD4+ /CD8+ were more prominently reconverted to normalize in thymosin ?1 combined with Sulperazone treated group than in Sulperazone alone group.CONCLUSIONS Thymosin ?1 can improve immunological function,inflammation condition and protein metabolism.Its application with Sulperazone has a coordinated effect on drug-resistant P.aeruginosa pneumonia in the older patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3(VEGFR-3) in rat colorectal cancer,and to provide an experimental material for the role of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR-3 in cancer progression and metastasis via lymphatics. Methods The expressions of VEGF-C and its receptor VEGFR-3 in colorectal cancer induced by MNNG were observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results There was no expression of VEGF-C in normal colorectal tissues,but VEGFR-3 expressed in the lymphatic endothelium.The protein of VEGF-C mainly expressed in the cancer cells and the positive rates were 75% and 100% respectively in the early and the mid-terminal stages of cancer.The positive expression of VEGF-C in the early stage of cancer was higher than that in mid-terminal stage(P