Objective To investigate the cognition level and education demand of occupational protection knowledge among nursing students in clinical practice in the hospitals of Shanghai and analyze its related factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey involving 360 nursing students was conducted in Shanghai.The survey content included occupational protection knowledge,demand and suggestions about setting up occupational protection curricula.Results The mean knowledge score was 5～13 points,with an average of (9.33±1.62)points.In multiple regression models,the level of hospital and educational status were related factors for knowledge level.The occupational protection knowledge mainly from school education accounted for 59.4％,considering it necessary to set up occupational protection curricula accounted for 60.5％.Ways of acquiring occupational protection were:teachers integrating related knowledge into teaching,receiving related education before clinical practice,and being given warning before dangerous operation,accounting for 43.7％,30.8％ and 16.2％.Conclusions Nursing students require a comprehensive foundation course in occupational protection before they enter the clinical practice.This will help to ensure their physical and mental health.

Objective To observe the predictive value of Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) and hemorrhage after thrombolysis score (HAT score) for the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of acute cerebral infarction (ACI) patients after thrombolysis with Alteplase.Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with ACI admitted to the Department of Neurology of Tianjin Jinghai District Hospital from January 2015to March 2017 were enrolled, they were all treated by using Alteplase 0.6 mg/kg for thrombolysis, maximum dose being 90 mg, and 1/10 of the total dose was intravenously injected in 1 minute, and then the residual part dissolved in 100 mL normal saline was intravenously dripped continuously for 1 hour. The ASPECTS and HAT score were carried out before the start of thrombolysis, and then the HT incidence situations in patients with different ASPECTSs and HAT scores were compared, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of HT after thrombolysis in patients with ACI; then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the clinical value of HAT score and ASPECTS in diagnosing HT occurrence was analyzed.Results In cases with ACI, it was discovered that the higher the ASPECTS, the lower the incidence of HT, indicating that the incidences of HT in patients with ASPECTSs 0-4, 5-7, 8-10 were 57.1% (4/7), 26.7% (8/30), 14.3% (12/84) respectively; Similarly, in such cases, the higher the HAT scores, the higher the incidence of HT, showing that the incidences of HT of patients with HAT scores 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 were 7.1% (4/56), 21.0% (8/38), 33.3% (7/21), 83.3% (5/6) respectively. The single factor analysis showed that the risk factors influencing the HT incidence included the systolic blood pressure on admission, anti-platelet medicine taken in the past history, the sign of high density of middle cerebral artery shown in head CT film on admission, the time of interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of thrombolysis, HAT store and ASPECTS [odds ratio (OR) values were 0.972, 0.279, 0.992, 0.311, 2.628, 2.625, respectively, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were 0.9352-1.012, 0.093-0.836, 0.983-1.000, 0.105-0.916, 1.362-5.071, 1.522-4.525,P values were 0.034, 0.023, 0.042, 0.034, 0.003, 0.045 respectively]; the multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors influencing HT incidence were as follows: the systolic blood pressure on admission, anti-platelet medicines taken in the past history, the sign of high density of the middle cerebral artery shown in the head CT film on admission, the time of interval between the onset of the disease and the beginning of thrombolysis, HAT score and ASPECTS (OR values were 1.766, 1.012, 1.574, 1.030, 2.155, 2.431, 95%CI were 1.233-2.103, 1.009-1.204, 1.186-2.091, 1.009-1.053, 1.237-4.907, 1.213-5.815,P values were 0.023, 0.004, 0.002, 0.005, 0.007, 0.047); HAT score and ASPECTS could predict the risk of HT incidence after venous thrombolytic therapy, sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC curve (AUC), 95%CI in ASPECTS were higher than thoes of HAT score (94.4% vs. 94.0%, 61.4 vs. 41.0%, 0.77 vs. 0.70, 0.710-0.830 vs. 0.650-0.800).Conclusions It is shown in this study that the higher the ASPECTS, the lower the incidence of HT, and the higher the HAT score, the higher the incidence of HT; both HAT score and ASPECTS can predict the risk of HT incidence after venous thrombolytic therapy, and the predictive value of ASPECTS system is higher than that of HAT score.

Oxymatrine is an alkaloid from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sophora flavescens Ait. which has many pharmacological effects. We studied the effects of oxymatrine on the proliferation of human tonsillar cells and mouse splenocytes with or without mitogens. The results show that oxymatrine can augment the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show low PHA & tSAC response capacity. On the other hand, oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show high PHA & SAC responses capacity. The effects of oxymarine on mouse splenocytes are the same with the latter.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) at different ages receiving intravenous injection of alteplase for thrombolysis on their prognosis.Methods Ninety-eight ACI patients admitted to Jinghai Hospital of Tianjin from January 2014 to December 2015 were conducted in this study, and they were divided into elderly group (over 75 years old) and younger age group (under 50 years old). The patients in two groups of were given intravenous thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (0.9 mg/kg), 10% of the dose was intravenously injected, and continuously the remaining dose was pumped into the vein for 1 hour. Before the thrombolysis and 1 day and 21 days after thrombolysis, the score of United States National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate neurological deficits, the incidence of bleeding adverse event and mortality were recorded.Results Compared to the before thrombolysis, the NIHSS scores after thrombolysis on the 1st day and 21st day were significantly decreased in the two groups (the younger age group 1 day: 6±4 vs. 10±5, 21 days 2±2 vs. 10±5, the elderly group 1 day: 7±5 vs. 10±7, 21 days: 6±4 vs. 10±7, allP < 0.05), and NIHSS score in the younger age group was significantly lower than that in the elderly group on the 21st day after thrombolysis (2±2 vs. 6±4,P < 0.05). After thrombolysis, the incidence of minor mucocutaneous bleeding in elderly group was obviously higher than that in younger age group, the difference being statistically significant [7.69% (4/52) vs. 2.17% (1/46),P < 0.05]; the elderly group had higher symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and death events than those in younger age group [1 (1.92%) vs. 0].Conclusion Different ages of patients with ACI can benefit from intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase, showing the younger the age of the patients, the better the benefit they can get and have relatively better prognosis.

Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge and behaviors among female sex workers(FSWs) and their male clients from the same community.Methods One hundred and seventy seven FSWs and one hundred and fifty four male clients were recruited from entertainment venues in the same community by random sampling,and anonymous questionnaires were administered separately.Results(1)Over 80% of FSWs and their male clients understood the basic routes of HIV transmission,but many of them were unclear about non-HIV transmission routes.(2)97.7% of FSWs and 84.2% of the male clients used condoms during their commericial sexual intercourse.The frequency of using condoms during sex with casual or regular sex partners was lower than that during the commercial sexual intercourse(P

Objective To develop a sensitive and stable substrate for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and carry out methodology evaluation tests on it .Methods A kind of substrate with tetramethyl benzidine and urea peroxide as its main compo‐nents were made up ,its sensitivity ,precision and storage stability were evaluated and compared with other three kinds of substrate . Results This substrate was more sensitive than two of the three commercial substrates .The variable coefficient of precision test was 3 .5% .The optical densities(OD) of the new substrate after stored one day ,seven days ,one month ,six months ,twelve months in 4 ℃ environment were 2 .268 、2 .403 、2 .358 、2 .278 、2 .330 respectively ,the standard deviation was 0 .056 185 ,the variable coeffi‐cient was 2 .4% .Conclusion The substrate proposed in this paper displays good sensitivity ,precision and stability .The preparation method is simple ,reproducible .This substrate not only satisfies the requirements of laboratory research ,but also meets with the de‐mands for commercial kit development due to its function as an important component of test kits .It is an economical and effective choice for both laboratories and research transformation .

TCM medical service trade is an important component of TCM service trade. Developing TCM medical service trade has wide market and strategic importance. Development of TCM medical service trade in China is still in the initial exploring stage with small scale and dominated by the government. Recently, foreign patients prefer TCM medical serve. TCM medical service trade in abroad shows the partial and small scaled characteristics. The number of joint venture TCM treatment centers is small, and movement of personnel is rare. In order to promote the development of TCM service trade, this article proposed the following four suggestions: conducting TCM international tele-medicine service trade, developing TCM medical travel, investing more in the development of foreign TCM medical centers, expanding the scale of exporting TCM medical talents.

Objective To study the prevalence of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) in rural areas of Shanxi,China.Methods All the residents above 16 years old from the villages chosen by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in Yangcheng County and Pianguan County in Shanxi Province were investigated with COPCORD procedure of WHO.All the respondents signed the informed consent forms.All statistical analysis were carried out using SAS 9.2 and SPSS standard version 13.0.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.P value ＜0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.Results The investigation in these two counties covered 7 126 residents,including 1 734 symptomatic OA patients,with a prevalence rate of 24.3％,where knee OA had the highest prevalence rate [13.8％(983/7 126)],other figures were as follows:lumbar vertebra,neck,hand,shoulder,elbow,ankle,hip,wrist,thoracic vertebra and foot.There were statistical differences in the prevalence of knee,ankle,neck,shoulder and hand between the two genders (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of symptomatic OA in rural areas of Shanxi,China is relatively high,but the risk factors still need to be further studied and proved.

Objective To investigate the clinical characters of death in AIDS patients with Penicilliosis marneffei (PSM), improving the diagnosis and treatment of PSM. Methods Retrospectively analyze the data of 27 AIDS patients died of PSM from January 2009 to December 2011 and review the relevant literatures in the past several years. Results The etiology diagnosis time ranged from 4 to 7 (4.9 ± 1.4) days from admission. There were 22 (81.5%) cases complicated with septic shock and 25 (92.6%) cases complicated with metabolic acidosis. There were 12 (44.4%) cases co-infected with pneumocyst pneumonia , 7 (25.9%) cases with TB. The main reasons accounting for the death were as follow:15(55.6%) cases died of septic shock, 5(18.5%) cases died of respiratory failure. Conclusion The death cases of AIDS patients with PSM showed the characters of relatively late etiology diagnosis and pathogenic therapy , mostly complicated with other opportunistic infections and often died of septic shock. Therefore, timely etiology diagnosis and earlier pathogenic therapy are the keys to treat the disease. Effectively controlling of the complications and co-infections may decrease the mortality.

Objective This study analyzes the expression and clinical significance of Gli1 and Gli3 proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied.The expressions of Gli1 and Gli3 in the carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were detected with immunohistochemical assay,and their correlations with clinicopathological factors were statistically analyzed.Results Expression rates of Gli1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent nontumor tissues were 75 ％ and 36.1％,respectively.Expression rates of Gli3 in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non-tumor tissues were 58.3％ and 30.6％,respectively.Expression rates of Gli1 and Gli3 in hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly higher than in adjacent non-tumor tissues (P＜0.05),and a positive correlation was found between the expression of Gli1 and Gli3 (r=0.423,P＜0.05).There was no association between the expression of Gli3 and clinicopathological factors such as age,tumor size,tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis.The expression of Gll1 was not related witha patient's age and tumor size,hut there were significant associations with tumor differentiation and lymphatic metastasis.Conclusions Therefore,the expression rate of Gli1 was positively correlated with tumor malignancy,which makes the detection of Gli1 and Gli3 valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.