Breast malignant lymphoma refers to occur in the breast malignant tumor of the lymphoid tissue.Breast malignant lymphoma which belongs to outside of lymph tissue malignant tumor can be divided into two categories:one category is the secondary breast lymphoma (SBL),another kind is the primary malignant lymphoma of the breast (PBL).Because the rate of PBL was low and the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis,illness development is rapid and high malignant degree,we should improve the attention of clinicians.Based on the discussion of primary breast lymphoma pathological changes,histological types,clinical manifestations,this article focuses on the progress of diagnosis and treatment of the PBL.

SUMMARY Tonguesquamouscellcarcinoma(TSCC)isthemostcommontypeoforalcancerandis well known for its high rate of proliferation and lymph nodal metastasis.Exploring the underlying path-ways regulating TSCC could provide novel ideas for diagnosis and prognosis of TSCC patients,as well as molecular targets for treatment of TSCC.MicroRNAs (miRNAs)are small noncoding RNAs that inhibit gene expression through the 3′untranslated regions (3′UTRs)of their target messenger RNAs.They play crucial roles in numerous biological processes,including cancer progression.Although great efforts have been made,what role miRNAs may play in the early detection and diagnosis of TSCC is not fully under-stood .Recently,our team has performed a series of basic and clinical researches in an attempt to investi-gate the relationships between miRNA expressions and prognosis of patients with TSCC and the mecha-nisms under regulation of TSCC.The results showed that miR-1 95,miR-34a,miR-29b,miR-375 and miR-26a could inhibit TSCC cells progression and development via a sophisticated network of genes.Spe-cifically,the anti-tumor effects of miR-1 95 in TSCC may be partially mediated by its inhibition of Cy-clinD1 and Bcl-2 expression.The expression of miR-34a could inhibit migration and invasion of TSCC cell lines via targeting MMP9 and MMP1 4.The function of miR-29b may be through the miR-29b/Sp1 /PTEN/AKT axis.Overexpression of miR-375 inhibited Sp1 expression by targeting the 3′untranslated re-gion of the Sp1 transcript.MEG3 and miR-26a inhibited TSCC cell proliferation,cycle progression and promoted cell apoptosis and miR-26a could increase the MEG3 expression through reduction of the ex-pression of DNMT3B in TSCC.In light of the role of those miRNAs in diagnosis and prognosis of TSCC, we reported that decreased miR-1 95 and miR-375 expression was associated with poor overall survival rate of the TSCC patients,while miR-34a expression was negatively correlated with cervical lymph node me-tastases.Furthermore,combined low expression levels of miR-26a and MEG3 emerged as an independent prognostic factor for poor clinical outcomes in TSCC patients,suggesting that combined miR-26a and MEG3 expression might prove useful as an independent biomarker of clinical prognosis among TSCC pa-tients.

This study investigated the effect of cadmium on the telomerase activity, the expression of TERT, c-myc and p53 and the apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. The rats were administrated 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally and sacrificed 48 h after the initial treatment. The telomerase activity of the rat hepatocytes was measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). C-myc and P53 proteins were determined by immunochemistry. The results showed that cadmium chloride increased the hepatocellular telomerase activity in a dose-dependant manner and induced the apoptosis of hepatocytes significantly. The value of relative coefficient between the telomerase activity and the apoptosis rate was 0.9398. RT-PCR revealed that specific bands corresponding to the TERT mRNA, c-myc mRNA, and p53 mRNA were displayed at 185, 342 and 538 bp respectively. Cadmium chloride could substantially increase the mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 in rat hepatocytes, as compared with control. Moreover, cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg could increase the content of P53 protein in rat hepatocytes obviously, but only that at the doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg substantially promoted the c-myc protein level in rat hepatocytes. Our study herein suggested that cadmium may contribute to the carcinogenesis by activating telomerase, and overexpressing the mRNAs of TERT, c-myc and p53, and causing apoptosis of normal cells.

Following rapid social and economic development over the past several decades,pollution by heavy metals has been both serious and widespread in many areas of the world,including China.The situations of heavy metal pollution in China were reviewed,and the health risk and control policy of such pollution were also analyzed and discussed in present paper.

The Internet Public Opinion Monitoring and Early Warning System for medical and health industry was designed and implemented due to the frequent occurrence of Internet public opinion, which has all-directional data collecting and analyzing functions, including big data collection, near duplicate detection, spam filtration, key public opinion early warning, region identification and tendency analysis, and can thus provide evidence for relevant departments to take effective measures for the control of Internet public opinion.

Adenoviruses harboring E. coli cytosine deaminase gene (AdCD) were used to transfect murine FBL-3 ery-throleukemia cells in vitro. FBL3 cells infected with AdCD were more sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) than cells infected with a control adenovirus AdLacZ. Further study indicated that this combination therapy (AdCD and 5-FC) killed tumor cells by inducing apoptosis of FBL-3 cells. The supematants from FBL-3 cells treated with AdCD/5-Fc were transferred on the culture system of uninfected (wild - type) FBL-3 cells, the result indicated that only 6.25% of the supernatant could induce significant cytotoxicity on wild type FBL3 cells. The results demonoustrated that bystander effect plays an important role in AdCD-mediated cytotoxicities. Direct injection of AdCD into established subcutaneous FBL3 tumor in mice followed by daily intraperitoneal injection of 5-FC for 10 days was found to inhibit tumor growth significant-

Antitumor effect of combined transfer of suicide gene and cytokine gene was evaluated in the present study. Adenoviruses expressing E. coli. cytosine deaminase (AdCD) and adenoviruses expressing murine interleukin 2 (AdTL2) were used for the treatment of tumor-bearing mice. The mice were inoculated s. c. with FBL-3 leukemia cells and 3 days later received intratumoral injection of AdCD in the presence or absence of AdIL2 followed by intraperitoneal 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) administration. The results demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice treated with AdCD/5FC in combination with AdTL2 showed more .potent inhibition of tumor growth and survived much longer as compared with mice treated with AdCD/5FC, AdEL2, AdlacZ/5FC or PBS. It was illustrated that the tumor mass showed obvious necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, and more CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltrated into the tumor after combined therapy. The splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly in mice after combined transfer of CD gene and EH gene. Our results demonstrated that combined transfer of suicide gene and IL-2 gene could inhibit the growth of established tumor in mice significantly and induce antitumor immunity of the host efficiently.

Objective To investigate the immunogenicity of mycobacteriophage D29 (phage D 29) in guinea pig models with different delivery routes,and provide information for the application of phages in tuberculosis (TB) therapy.Methods Hartley guinea pigs were administrated with phage D29 through inhalation,intranasal drop or subcutaneous injection for 6 times within 35 days.7H9 broth aerosol inhalation and 0.85 ％ NaCl solution aerosol inhalation were set as solvent and negative controls,respectively.Anti-phage D29 neutralizing antibodies in sera collected weekly were measured by phage reduction neutralizing test (PRNT) and cytokine levels (interleukin-2,interleukin-4 and interferon-γ) were detected at day 35 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The data were analyzed by ANOVA and nonparametric test.ResultsNeutralizing antibodies were both negative in two control groups,while low-titer neutralizing antibodies (below 1 ∶ 100) appeared in inhalation and intranasal drop groups only at day 7 and day 14. Nevertheless, neutralizing antibodies were continuously detected in subcutaneous injection group,which increased rapidly and reached 1∶ 16 365.6 at day 35. After 35 days of experiments,serum concentrations of interleukin-2 (x2 =2.7605,P＞0.05),interleukin-4 (F=2.17,P＞0.05) and interferon-γ(F=0.75,P＞0.05) among three treatment groups and two control groups were all not significantly different.ConclusionsThe titer of anti-phage 29 neutralizing antibodies induced by inhalation or intranasal drop administration of phage D29 are both significantly lower than subcutaneous injection.Phage D29 administration doesn’t change the levels of cytokines,which indicates that it may not break the helper T cell (Th)1/Th2 balance.

Objective To investigate the correlation between Young′s elastic modulus (EI) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and liver pathology .Methods Liver biopsy was performed on 231 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) under supersonic guidance ,and SWE with EI of liver was obtained concurrently .The correlation between measured liver stiffness and pathology was analyzed by using the liver pathology as golden standards .One‐way analysis of variance and Spearman rank correlation analysis were performed for the comparison between groups and correlation between two variables , respectively .Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the predictive value of shear modulus for the liver inflammation grades and fibrosis stages .Results The EI medians of different liver inflammation grades were 6 .78 kPa (G1) ,7 .30 kPa (G2) ,9 .93 kPa (G3) and 14 .93 kPa (G4) , respectively ,which were statistically different (H=55 .19 ,P<0 .01) .And EI medians of various fibrosis stages were 6 .62 kPa (S0 -S1) ,7 .15 kPa (S2) ,9 .78 kPa (S3) and 14 .62 kPa (S4) ,respectively , which were also significantly different (H=62 .14 ,P<0 .01) .EI was positively correlated with both liver inflammation grades (r=0 .454 6 ,P<0 .01) and liver fibrosis stages (r=0 .505 6 ,P<0 .01) .The areas under the ROC for G≥2 ,G≥3 and G=4 were 0 .68 (95% CI:0 .61 -0 .75) ,0 .77 (95% CI:0 .70 -0 .84) and 0 .85 (95% CI:0 .77-0 .92) ,respectively .The areas under the ROC for S≥2 ,S≥3 and S=4 w ere 0 .73 (95% C I:0 .66 -0 .79 ) ,0 .78 (95% C I:0 .72 -0 .85 ) and 0 .83 (95% C I:0 .75 -0 .91 ) , respectively .Conclusion The EI measured by SWE is correlated with liver pathology of CHB patients , which may be used to dynamically monitor the progress of liver fibrosis .

This study investigated the effect of cadmium on the telomerase activity, the expression of TERT, c-myc and p53 and the apoptosis of rat hepatocytes. The rats were administrated 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneally and sacrificed 48 h after the initial treatment. The telomerase activity of the rat hepatocytes was measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). C-myc and P53 proteins were determined by immunochemistry. The results showed that cadmium chloride increased the hepatocellular telomerase activity in a dose-dependant manner and induced the apoptosis of hepatocytes significantly. The value of relative coefficient between the telomerase activity and the apoptosis rate was 0.9398. RT-PCR revealed that specific bands corresponding to the TERT mRNA, c-myc mRNA, and p53 mRNA were displayed at 185, 342 and 538 bp respectively. Cadmium chloride could substantially increase the mRNA expressions of TERT, c-myc and p53 in rat hepatocytes, as compared with control. Moreover, cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10 and 20 μmol/kg could increase the content of P53 protein in rat hepatocytes obviously, but only that at the doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg substantially promoted the c-myc protein level in rat hepatocytes. Our study herein suggested that cadmium may contribute to the carcinogenesis by activating telomerase, and overexpressing the mRNAs of TERT, c-myc and p53, and causing apoptosis of normal cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Telomerase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism