Objective To investigate the serum concentration of adiponectin(apM1)in patients of Han population with type 2 diabetes(T2DM), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)and normal glucose tolerance(NGT)in Liaoning Province,and explore its correlation with T2DM process. Meth-ods Unrelated 278 subjects in Liaoning Province were enrolled for the study,including 97 newly diagnosed T2DM subjects,88 IGT subjects,and 93 cases with NGT. Serum apM1,fasting and post-glucose load glucose and insulin,blood lipids,blood pressure,calculate HOMA-IR and HOMA-B,height,weight,waist,hips were measured;body mass index(BMI)and waist hip ratio(WHR)were calculated. Three groups were divided into obese overweight and non-obese overweight subgroups with BMI≥25 kg/m2 as the boundary point. Then central and peripheral obesity was distin-guished using WHR(male≥0.90,female≥0.85 as the boundary point). Results Reduced apM1 levels was first observed in obese NGT stage. Accompanied by elevated levels of insulin resistance,apM1 levels showed a gradual decline trend paralleled with the NGT-IGT-T2DM model. Se-rum apM1 in T2DM was significantly lower than that in NGT(P<0.001). Negative correlations were found between apM1 and WHR,fasting plas-ma glucose,HOMA-IR and triglyceride. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that,HOMA-IR and triglyceride were independent factors for serum apM1 levels. Conclusion Reduced apM1 levels were first appeared in obese NGT stage;apM1 is closely related to insulin resistance and T2DM process. Low level of apM1 can be used as a predictor of early intervention of IGT outcome and T2DM process.

OBJECTIVE:To know the residual characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and 5 kinds of heavy metals (Cu, As,Cd,Hg and Pb) in Panax notoginseng. METHODS:P. notoginseng samples with 3 years were collected from Baiyi Town, Songming County and Liushao Township,Xundian County of Yunnan Province in Apr. 2013. 60 strains of P. notoginseng and 1 kg rhizosphere soil samples were also collected. The organochlorine pesticide residues and 5 kinds of heavy metals on its various parts and soil samples were detected. Pesticide residues determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition,volumeⅠ)was conducted to determine the organochlorine pesticides and 5 kinds of heavy metals (Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb). RESULTS:There was pentachloronitrobenzene in different parts of P. notoginseng from Baiyi Town,Songming County,and the contents were root bark>fibrous≥notches>ribs>leaves;there were pentachloronitrobenzene only in the root bark and fibrous of P. notoginseng from Liushao Township,Xundian County,and the contents were root bark>fibrous. No Hg was detected in any part of P. notoginseng samples,and the other heavy metals were highest in root bark;As and Pb were relatively high in soil,the contents of As and Pb in samples were far lower than in soil. CONCLUSIONS:The contents of pesticide residues and heavy metals in different parts of P. notoginseng are different,and those in root bark are relatively high. P. notoginseng sample contains organochlorine pesticides, which is mainly pentachloronitrobenzene;P. notoginseng sample has relatively strong accumulation of Cd.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Li medicine Chushi qufeng decoction on arthritis model rats. METH-ODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group and Chushi qufeng decoction high-dose,me-dium-dose and low-dose groups [45.9,22.95,11.48 g(crude drug)/kg]. Except for normal group,those groups were given chicken type Ⅱ collagen to induce arthritis model. After modeling,normal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrical-ly,once a day,for consecutive 12 d;Chushi qufeng decoction groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically;positive group was given leflunomide 4.5 mg/kg on 1st-3rd day and 1.8 mg/kg on 4th-12th day. The degree of joint lesion in rats were scored. The degree of joint swelling was determined as well as the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and type Ⅱ collagen antibody. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,arthritis index,degree of joint swelling,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand typeⅡcollagen anti-body increased significantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,pathological score of positive group and Chushi qufeng decoction high-dose group decreased significantly,and serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and type Ⅱ collagen antibody decreased significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Li medicine Chushi qufeng decoction has cer-tain protective effect on arthritis model rats induced by chicken typeⅡcollagen.

ObjectiveTostudythemolecularmechanismoflanthanumonblocking lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)signaling in macrophages.MethodsThe RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured routinely and divided into 4 groups randomly:LaCl3 +LPS group,LPS group,LaCl3 group and control group.The nuclear translocation of p65 protein was detected by immunocytochemistry.Total,cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins were extracted respectively,and then the binding activity of p65 with the target gene was measured by ELISA.Western blot assays were also performed to detect the expression levels of the proteins,including nuclear p65,IκBα and IKK kinase,the phosphorylation status of IκBα and IKK kinase.ResultsLanthanum can block LPS-induced activation of p65 protein through various ways,such as inhibiting its nuclear translocation,reducing its expression in the nuclei and decreasing its binding activity with the target genes.Lanthanum inhibited the degradation of LPS-induced IκBα,but the phosphorylation of LPS-induced IKKβ can not be blocked by lanthanum,nor did the phosphorylation ability of p-IKKβ on IκBα.Conclusion Lanthanum inhibited the degradation of IκBα,nuclei translocation of p65 protein and its binding activity with the target genes,thereby inhibited LPS-induced NFκB activation,which might be one of the inhibition mechanisms of lanthanum on nuclear activation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on enteric nervous injury in rats exposed to malathion.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with non-load swi mming every other day,three ti mes a week,each one hour,for six weeks.Before exercise,the rats were trea-ted with malathion 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 by oral gavage,six days a week,for six weeks.The activities of seru m acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrocholinesterase(BuChE)were determined.In addition,the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes were measured.Also,the distribution of nerve plexus in ileu m was observed.The i mmunohistoche mical method was used to measure the levels of protein gene-related petide 9.5 (PGP9.5),substance P (SP),and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).RESULTS Co m-pared with normal control,malathion exposure decreased the activities of seru m AChE and BuChE (P<0.01 ),increased the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes (P <0.05).In addition,the levels of PGP9.5 decreased (P<0.05).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP increased,and the levels of VIP decreased (P<0.05).Aerobic exercise did not change the activites of cholinesterases,but decreased s mall intes-tinal propulsion indexes,increased the levels of PGP9.5,decreased the levels of SP,and increased the levels of VIP.Co mpared with the malathion exposure only,the rats in malathion ad ministration co mbined with aerobic exercise group de monstrated much lower activites of cholinesterase (P <0.01 ),and the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes decreased fro m (89 ±4)% to (79 ±5)%(P <0.01 ).Moreover,the levels of PGP9.5 increased fro m 0.012 ±0.003 to 0.029 ±0.015 (P <0.01 ).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP decreased fro m0.174 ±0.067 to 0.1 10 ±0.057(P<0.05),and the levels of VIP increased fro m 0.0076 ±0.0029 to 0.01 1 1 ±0.0047 (P <0.05).The levels of above para meters were sa me or close to those of the normal control.CONCLUSION Malathion exposure induced disorders of enteric nervous syste m in rats,and the aerobic exercise abated the toxic response in enteric nervous syste m of malathion exposure rats.However,these effects were not mediated through recovery of cholinesterases inhibition.

Aim To investigate the antiarrhythmic mechanism of taurine-magnesium coordination compound on sodium current in single rat ventricular myocytes of arrhythmia induced by aconitine.Methods Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record INa in normal cardiomyocytes and single rat ventricular cardiomyocytes of arrhythmia induced by aconitine.Results In ventricular cardiomyocytes of rat,INa was blocked by 100~400 ?mol?L-1 TMCC in a concentration-dependent manner.INa was increasd from(45.56?1.96)pA/pF to(59.19?11.49)pA/pF by 1 ?mol?L-1 aconitine,while decreased to(34.23?1.33)pA/pF by 24.24 ?mol?L-1 amiodarone.TMCC(100,200,400 ?mol?L-1)could restore INa to(51.61?5.96)pA/pF,(40.91?6.73)pA/pF,(41.50?5.50)pA/pF respectively.Amiodarone could restore INa to(40.22?1.47)pA/pF.Conclusions TMCC can restore INa,which is increased by aconitine,and the effect is equal to that of amiodarone.TMCC blocks INa of ventricular cardiomyocytes,which may be one of its antiarrhythmic mechanisms.

The five volumes of Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan contain more than 1040 kinds of ethnic medicines and national medicines experiene that are commonly used by 25 minority nationalities in Yunnan.Among them,there are 147 species of toxic drugs,including five with fatal toxicity,14 with strong toxicity,57 with toxicity,and 71 with mild toxicity.In order to guarantee the validity and safety of national drug use,Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica applied modern science and technology to study the safety,efficacy and pharmacognosy of 30 kinds of commonly used toxic folk drugs contained in Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan.This paper chooses five typical national medicinal herbs Stephania delavayi,Euphorbia neriifolia,Alocasia cucullata,Achillea wilsoniana and Chamaenerion angustifolium,and summarizes their national medicinal and toxicity experience.The results of acute toxicity test showed that the five national medicinal herbs are toxic.The pharmacodynamic experiments showed that S.delavayi has analgesic action,E.neriifolia has anti-inflammatory action,A.cucullata has analgesic and antitussive effects,Ach.wilsoniana has analgesic effect,and C.angustifolium has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Studies have shown that pregnant women due to their specificity and social factors during pregnancy, maternal mortality and postpartum serious complications were significantly higher. Taking effective measures to control maternal mortality and ensuring the safety of pregnant women is an urgent problem to be solved.The first measure to ensure the safety of pregnant women is to use appropriate assessment tools, accurate, dynamic and comprehensive risk assessment of pregnant women. At present, with the start of a comprehensive two-child policy,research related to obstetric early warning scores has become the focus of research in the field of obstetric care.Therefore,this article through the"obstetrics","maternal","risk warning","risk score"as the key word,search Wanfang database,Chinese Journal full-text database(CNKI),Chinese biomedical literature database(CBM);foreign language literature,such as PubMed,Web of Science,Springer,EBSCO and other databases,with"early warning score","risk score","risk score system","Obstetric","Obstetric care"Word for retrieval.So that to provide a comprehensive analysis of the status quo of the use of early risk assessment tools at home and abroad,and to summarize the contents of the assessment tools,and further point out the problems in the current research.

Objective : To investigate the status of occupational stress and analyze its influencing factors among frontline employees working in a chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise, so as to provide insights into the development of occupational stress interventions. Methods : The frontline employees working in a chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise were selected as the study subjects using a cluster sampling method in October 2018. The status of occupational stress was investigated using the Chinese version of the effort-reward imbalance ( ERI ) questionnaire. The influencing factors for occupational stress were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 1 780 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 115 valid ones ( 62.64% ) were recovered. Among the 1 115 respondents, there were 427 men ( 38.30% ) and 688 women ( 61.70% ), and 71.22% were at ages of 21 to 39 years. There were 561 respondents with < 1 year of service ( 50.31% ), and the longest length of service was 11 years. In addition, there were 1 069 respondents ( 95.87% ) exposed to high noise, and 346 respondents ( 31.03% ) were diagnosed at a high occupational-stress state and 769 ( 68.97% ) at a low state. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified 5 years or longer of service ( OR=1.540, 95%CI: 1.057-2.245 ) and exposure to high noise ( OR=1.917, 95%CI: 1.004-3.659 ) as risk factors for occupational stress among frontline employees in the chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise. Conclusions There are 31.03% of frontline employees at a high occupational-stress state in the chemical fiber manufacturing enterprise, and a high occupational-stress state is associated with exposure to high noise and 5 years or longer of service.

Marked by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, Shanghai health care started a journey of reform and opening up as with other sectors. This essay reviews various stages Shanghai health care experienced and the achievements for the last 30 years since reform and opening up, and analyzes the challenges Shanghai health care faces currently. On this basis, the essay summaries the experiences and lessons learned from Shanghai health care reform and development.