OBJECTIVE:To know the residual characteristics of organochlorine pesticides and 5 kinds of heavy metals (Cu, As,Cd,Hg and Pb) in Panax notoginseng. METHODS:P. notoginseng samples with 3 years were collected from Baiyi Town, Songming County and Liushao Township,Xundian County of Yunnan Province in Apr. 2013. 60 strains of P. notoginseng and 1 kg rhizosphere soil samples were also collected. The organochlorine pesticide residues and 5 kinds of heavy metals on its various parts and soil samples were detected. Pesticide residues determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition,volumeⅠ)was conducted to determine the organochlorine pesticides and 5 kinds of heavy metals (Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb). RESULTS:There was pentachloronitrobenzene in different parts of P. notoginseng from Baiyi Town,Songming County,and the contents were root bark>fibrous≥notches>ribs>leaves;there were pentachloronitrobenzene only in the root bark and fibrous of P. notoginseng from Liushao Township,Xundian County,and the contents were root bark>fibrous. No Hg was detected in any part of P. notoginseng samples,and the other heavy metals were highest in root bark;As and Pb were relatively high in soil,the contents of As and Pb in samples were far lower than in soil. CONCLUSIONS:The contents of pesticide residues and heavy metals in different parts of P. notoginseng are different,and those in root bark are relatively high. P. notoginseng sample contains organochlorine pesticides, which is mainly pentachloronitrobenzene;P. notoginseng sample has relatively strong accumulation of Cd.

Objective To assess the effect of Chinese Rhubarb in assisting the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by nasojejunal tube (NJ) and nasogastric tube (NG).Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded-SCIE, EBSCO-CINAHL Complete, SinoMed, VIP network and Wan Fang net were retrieved systematically and randomized controlled trails (RCT) that involved in Chinese rhubarb assisting the treatment of SAP by NJ and NG were searched.According to eligibility and extraction standards, 2 researchers independently selected relevant literature and extracted the relevant data.The quality of literature was evaluated using criteria published by Australian Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2008).RevMan5.3 software was employed for Meta analysis.Results Eleven RCTs were enrolled and the quality of all the 11 papers was B grade.Compared with NG, NJ had lower score of APACHE-Ⅱ, shorter time of decreased CRP, amylase activity, IL-6 and IL-1, and shorter recovery time of bowel function and abdominal pain, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).However, there were no significant differences between two groups on complication rate, mortality, the rate of bowel function failure, the rate of surgical operation and recovery rate.Conclusions Chinese Rhubarb by NJ irrigation in assisting the treatment of SAP can rapidly alleviate abdominal pain, promote bowel function recovery and reduce inflammatory reaction, which had better efficacy than NG.

Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.were the most common Tibetan medicines.The combination of Phyllanthus emblica L.,Terminalia chebula Retz.and Term inalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.was known as Triphala,which was the basis of the most frequently-used prescriptions.The present study summarized and made a further comparison between Phyllanthus emblica L.and Terminalia chebula Retz.over chemical constituents and pharmacological activities,which provided evidence for their clinical use and the basic theory.

Phyllanthus emblica L.has a long history and is abundant in the world.It was used for treating various diseases in nearly twenty countries or nations in regard to traditional medicine system.By retrieving Tibetan medicine in classical books,recent literatures and clinical studies,the application of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine system was introduced,including its utilization in hypertension,indigestion,abdominal distension,cough and arthralgia and their related diseases.In the sight of modern pharmacological research,the theory Tibetan medicine of explained Phyllanthus emblica scientifically.Its related researches and development prospects were also deliberated for further researches and various applications,which demonstrated the value of the development of new drugs and health products.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on cytochrome P450 enzyme of liver microsomes in rats.Cocktail probe substrates were incubated with liver microsomes in vitro.Metabolic elimination percentages of the six probe substrates,including dapsone,dextromethorphan hydrobromide,coumarin,phenacetin,chlorzoxazone and tolbutamide,were determined by HPLC.The effects of tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus on the enzymatic activity of rat liver microsomal P450s was evaluated.It was found that tannins extracted from Phyllanthi Fructus did not impact P450 enzymes.The IC50 values of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 were over 200 μg·mL-1,while the IC50 value of CYP2C9 was superior to 500 tg·mL-1.In conclusion,Tannins extracted from Tibetan medicine Phyllanthi Fructus did not significantly affect cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Phyllanthus emblica L.,related to common Tibetan medicine,has a function on clearing heat and cooling blood,promoting digestion and invigorating stomach,and producing saliva and slaking thirst.The compound of Dasanguo,made of Phyllanthus emblica,F.terminalia billericae and F.chebula,was a widely used preparation in Tibetan medicine,and was also a basic formula in other prescriptions.This study summarized the untilization of Phyllanthus emblica in traditional Tibetan medicine and elucidated the effects of Phyllanthus emblica in the compounds of Tibetan medicine,which provided a reference for the studies of Tibetan medicine and its modern application.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on enteric nervous injury in rats exposed to malathion.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with non-load swi mming every other day,three ti mes a week,each one hour,for six weeks.Before exercise,the rats were trea-ted with malathion 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 by oral gavage,six days a week,for six weeks.The activities of seru m acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrocholinesterase(BuChE)were determined.In addition,the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes were measured.Also,the distribution of nerve plexus in ileu m was observed.The i mmunohistoche mical method was used to measure the levels of protein gene-related petide 9.5 (PGP9.5),substance P (SP),and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).RESULTS Co m-pared with normal control,malathion exposure decreased the activities of seru m AChE and BuChE (P<0.01 ),increased the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes (P <0.05).In addition,the levels of PGP9.5 decreased (P<0.05).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP increased,and the levels of VIP decreased (P<0.05).Aerobic exercise did not change the activites of cholinesterases,but decreased s mall intes-tinal propulsion indexes,increased the levels of PGP9.5,decreased the levels of SP,and increased the levels of VIP.Co mpared with the malathion exposure only,the rats in malathion ad ministration co mbined with aerobic exercise group de monstrated much lower activites of cholinesterase (P <0.01 ),and the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes decreased fro m (89 ±4)% to (79 ±5)%(P <0.01 ).Moreover,the levels of PGP9.5 increased fro m 0.012 ±0.003 to 0.029 ±0.015 (P <0.01 ).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP decreased fro m0.174 ±0.067 to 0.1 10 ±0.057(P<0.05),and the levels of VIP increased fro m 0.0076 ±0.0029 to 0.01 1 1 ±0.0047 (P <0.05).The levels of above para meters were sa me or close to those of the normal control.CONCLUSION Malathion exposure induced disorders of enteric nervous syste m in rats,and the aerobic exercise abated the toxic response in enteric nervous syste m of malathion exposure rats.However,these effects were not mediated through recovery of cholinesterases inhibition.

Objective To study the significance of combined detection of procalcitonin ( PCT ) , C-reactive protein( CRP) and lipopolysaccharide( LPS) for early diagnosis of bacterial infection in newborns. Methods Clinical data of ninety-eight newborns from neonatal ward of our hospital were retrospectively studied. Fifty cases with bacterial infectious diseases were selected as infection group,in the same period,48 cases with non-bacterial infectious diseases were selected as control group. In the 24 hours after admission before use of antibiotics,all of cases were picked blood used for testing CRP,PCT,LPS and blood culture, and the results were contrasted and analyzed. Results The levels of serum PCT,CRP and LPS in infection group were respectively significantly higher than those in control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05,respectively). In gram-positive bacterium group,the positive rate of combined detection of serum PCT and CRP was obviously higher than that of single detection of PCT or CRP ( 91. 3% vs. 60. 9%,P<0. 05;91. 3% vs. 56. 5%,P<0. 05 respectively) . In gram-negative bacteria group,positive rate of combined detection of serum PCT and LPS was obviously higher than that of single detection of PCT or LPS respectively(88. 9% vs. 59. 3%,P<0. 05;88. 9% vs. 66. 7%,P<0. 05 respectively). Conclusion Joint detection can improve the diagnostic efficiency, and reduce missed diagnosis. And we can identify disease which predominantly infected by positive bacteria or negative bacteria through joint detection,which can contribute to the choice of clinical antibiotic drugs.

On the basis of analysis of the current status and future tendency of development of the health services industry in Shanghai,the authors identified key problems and bottlenecks.Thus they made clear the target positioning and principles of the industry,and proposed the basic ideas and pattern of the industry in the 13 th five-year plan period,focusing on such fields as private and high-end healthcare services,traditional Chinese medicine services,public health services,commercial health insurance,and other related industries.In the end,corresponding supporting polices were proposed.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effects of Li medicine Chushi qufeng decoction on arthritis model rats. METH-ODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive group and Chushi qufeng decoction high-dose,me-dium-dose and low-dose groups [45.9,22.95,11.48 g(crude drug)/kg]. Except for normal group,those groups were given chicken type Ⅱ collagen to induce arthritis model. After modeling,normal group and model group were given normal saline intragastrical-ly,once a day,for consecutive 12 d;Chushi qufeng decoction groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically;positive group was given leflunomide 4.5 mg/kg on 1st-3rd day and 1.8 mg/kg on 4th-12th day. The degree of joint lesion in rats were scored. The degree of joint swelling was determined as well as the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and type Ⅱ collagen antibody. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,arthritis index,degree of joint swelling,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1βand typeⅡcollagen anti-body increased significantly in model group (P<0.01). Compared with model group,pathological score of positive group and Chushi qufeng decoction high-dose group decreased significantly,and serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and type Ⅱ collagen antibody decreased significantly in treatment groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Li medicine Chushi qufeng decoction has cer-tain protective effect on arthritis model rats induced by chicken typeⅡcollagen.