Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Pingchan Yisui Fang on Parkinson's disease complicated with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) of type of marrow sea deficiency.Methods The patients with Parkinson's disease complicated with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) of type of marrow sea deficiency (n=103) were randomly divided into control group and Chinese medicine group (CM group), and control group was given basic treatment of Western medicine and CM group was additionally given Pingchan Yisui Fang for 36 weeks.The curative effect was reviewed by using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and after treatment.Results The scores of UPDRS were significantly lower (P<0.05), and scores of MoCA and MMSE were significantly higher (P<0.01) in CM group than those in control group after treatment.The factor scores of attention, abstract ability, delayed recall and orientation in MoCA, and orientation, memory ability, attention and recall ability in MMSE were significantly higher in CM group than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after treatment.Conclusion Pingchan Yisui Fang can effectively relieve motor symptoms and cognitive disorder on the base of standardized treatment of Western medicine in patients with PD-MCI.

A variety of facial injection filler materials have been approved for market at home and abroad.The marketing approvals,clinical application literature,expert consensus or clinical application guidelines of facial injection filler products at home and abroad were collected and it was found that facial injection filler materials may cause a number of adverse reactions.The clinical application and adverse reactions of facial injection filler materials were summarized,the pre-market adverse reaction evaluation requirements of such products in the United States and China were analyzed and summarized,aiming to provide reference for relevant product developers and clinical researchers to evaluate the pre-market adverse reactions of facial injection filler materials.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of orthodontic traction on the microstructure of dental enamel. METHODS: Forty-eight isolated premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups (=8), including Group A (blank control group), in which the teeth were bonded with the orthodontic brackets without any loading force; Groups B1, B2, and B3 where the teeth were bonded with the orthodontic brackets using clinical adhesives and loaded with 50 g force for 6 months, 200 g force for 6 months, and 200 g force for 1 month, respectively; and Groups C1 and C2, where the teeth were bonded with straight wire brackets using light curing bonding and chemical curing bonding techniques, respectively. All the teeth were embedded with non-decalcified epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy spectrometer (EDS) were used to analyze interface morphology and elemental composition of the teeth sliced with a hard tissue microtome. RESULTS: Compared with those in Group A, the teeth in the other 5 groups showed increased adhesive residue index with microcracks and void structures on the enamel surface under SEM; AFM revealed microcracks on the enamel surface with angles to the grinding direction. A larger loading force on the bracket resulted in more microcracks on the enamel interface. The interface roughness differed significantly between Groups A and C2, and the peak-to-valley distance differed significantly between Groups A, C, and C2. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic traction can cause changes in the microstructure of normal dental enamel.
Dental Enamel ; Materials Testing ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Resin Cements ; Surface Properties ; Traction