Objective To evaluate the radiation protection of occupational hazards in a hospital Clinac 23EX medical electronic accelerator construction project so as to ensure the health and safety of the relevant people involved.Methods According to the relevant laws,regulations and standards of China,combined with the relevant materials provided by the construction unit,the radiation protection tests and comprehensive assessment of this project were carried out.Results The performance test results of the medical electron accelerator met the requinements of GB/T 19046-2013 The ambient dose equivalent rate in the workplace was between the background dose rate (0.10 μ,Sv/h) and 11.5 μSv/h,which suggested the computer room shielding met the requirements of radiation protection.The total body effective dose,the for 7 radiation workers were 0.85,1.19,1.64 mSv,respectively,which were lower than the dose management control values of the construction unit and the national standards.Radiation protection supplies and the management system of the construction unit met the national requirements.Conclusions The construction project can effectively control the radioactive occupational hazard factors in normal operation,and the radiation protection facilities have reached the completion requirements.

Adolescent ; Apolipoproteins E ; blood ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias ; complications ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Thrombosis ; pathology

ObjectiveTo research the metabolism of components in the Radix of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Methods(①) we established the HPLC fingerprint of water extract of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and real-time monitored the chemical composition. (②) We established the HPLC fingerprint of rats' serum samples from hepatic portal vein, serum samples from aorta abdominalis and samples of intestinal absorption of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (③) On this basis, using the established methods, I-IPLC fingerprint spectrum of serum samples,the sample of herb, the sample after intestinal metabolism, rats' serum samples from hepatic portal vein and rats'serum samples from aorta abdominalis were analyzed and compared in order to infer the metabolism of components in the Radix of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Results24 compositions were detected, seven of which were metabolized by intestinal flora and could not be absorbed into blood; six of them could not be absorbed directedly into intestinal; eight new compounds were absorbed into blood after bowel metabolism while they were not detected in water extract in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. ConclusionWe could infer the metabolic processes of chemicals of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in oral administration with this method.

OBJECTIVE1) To estimate annual direct medical costs of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke attributable to hypertension among Chinese adults aged 35-74 years in China, 2) to analyze the correlation between the hypertension awareness and hypertension treatment rate.

METHODS2003 National Health Services Survey (n = 93 018) was used to derive direct medical costs including costs for outpatient visits, physician services, inpatient stays, rehabilitation services, nurses fees, and medications. The medical costs of CHD and stroke attributable to hypertension were estimated by multiplying population attributable risk proportion by corresponding disease costs. Using 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey (n = 148 804), the prevalence of hypertension awareness and hypertension treatment rate in 132 survey sites were calculated. Correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the two variables.

RESULTSThe direct medical costs of hypertension, CHD and stroke were 20.2, 15.7 and 24.3 billion Yuan, respectively. The medical costs attributable to hypertension were estimated at 19.1 billion Yuan (RMB), accounting for 47.7% of the total medical costs of the two chronic diseases. The prevalence of hypertension awareness is highly correlated with hypertension treatment rate (r = 0.9777, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONThe economic burden of CHD and stroke attributable to hypertension is very high, reaching about 50% of the total medical costs of the two diseases. The prevalence of hypertension awareness could be used as an important indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of hypertension prevention and control at community level.

China ; Coronary Disease ; economics ; etiology ; Cost of Illness ; Data Collection ; Health Care Costs ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Stroke ; economics ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo examine the association of dietary patterns with chronic diseases and their indicators.

METHODSUsing the data from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey, we divided the subjects into clusters according to their dietary patterns classified by different percentage of energy intake from cereal foods, carbohydrate and fat, respectively. The analysis of variance was used to identify the difference in chronic disease prevalence across clusters of subjects while controlling for age, gender and geographic regions. Logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the odd ratios (OR) for association of chronic disease and each dietary pattern, after adjusted for age, gender, region, energy intake, leisure time.

RESULTSThe higher percentage of energy intake from cereals was significantly associated with lower body mass index (BMI), lower total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). While it was significantly associated with lower risk for overweight/obesity, hypertension, high total cholesterol, high triglyceride (TG) and high LDL-C, but the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the cluster of subjects with cereal energy share more than 75%. The higher percentage of energy intake from fat was significantly associated with higher BMI, higher total cholesterol and higher LDL-C, which accordingly, was significantly associated with higher risk for overweight/obesity, hypertension, high total cholesterol, triglyceride and high LDL-C.

CONCLUSIONOur study confirmed the important role of dietary pattern in chronic disease control; in particular, appropriate percentage of energy intake from fat and cereals/carbohydrates are beneficial to control and prevention of chronic diseases.

China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fats ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between fetal nutritional status and overweight and obesity in their adulthood and to provide evidence for formulation of the strategy on preventing low birth weight.

METHODSUsing data from 2002 Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey to set up a case-control method in order to compare body mass index(BMI), prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as to calculate odds ratio of overweight and obesity of case group compared with control group. Three case groups were selected from those who were born in 1959, 1960,1961 respectively, and the controls were those who were born in 1964.

RESULTSThe health consequence of being famines on adulthood was evident in women. Means of BMI in women were significantly higher in three case groups than that in control group(P<0.01). After adjustment on geographic regions, the prevalence of overweight in women was significantly higher in three case groups than that in control group(P< 0.01). The prevalence rates of obesity were significantly higher in 1959, 1960 groups than 1964 group(P< 0.05). The odds ratios of overweight of women in three case groups were 28.9% (95% CI:1.063-1.565), 37.2% (95% CI:1. 136-1.658) and 35.2% (95% CI: 1. 103-1.657) respectively, all higher than that in the control group. The odds ratios of obesity of women born in 1959, 1960 groups were 46.5% (95% CI: 1.088-1.972) and 39.6% (95% CI: 1.039- 1.876) respectively, higher than that in the 1964 group. However, such differences were not found in men.

CONCLUSIONHigher risks of overweight and obesity in women were caused by malnutrition during their fetal lives. A strategy on preventing low birth weight should be formulated by the government to prevent the chronic disease in adulthood.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Critical Illness ; Cytokines ; blood ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

UNLABELLEDOCTOBER: To explore the effects of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) liraglutide on the penile erectile function of rats with diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) by observing the impact of liraglutide on the expression of eNOS in the corpus cavernosum of diabetic rats.

METHODSWe randomly divided 30 six-week-old male SD rats into a normal control (n = 10) and an experimental group (n = 20) , established models of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the experimental rats, and subdivided them into a DM (n = 8) and a GLP-1 group (n = 8) to receive intramuscular injection of normal saline and liraglutide at 5 mg per kg of the body weight per day, respectively. After 12 weeks of intervention, we obtained the levels of FPG, FINS, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, testosterone, and IL-6 and the indexes of Homa-IR and Homa-β, detected the expressions of Akt/p-Akt and eNOS/p-eNOS in the corpus cavernosum by Western blot, and compared the erectile function between different groups.

RESULTSThe frequency and rate of penile erection were significantly lower in the DM group than in the GLP-1 and normal control groups (P < 0.05) and also lower in the GLP-1 group than in the normal controls (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of eNOS mainly in the cytoplasm of the cavernosal vessels and sinusoidal endothelial cells, markedly lower in the DM and GLP-1 groups than in the normal rats (P < 0.05), but higher in the GLP-1 than in the DM group (P < 0.05). The level of eNOS/p-eNOS in the penile tissue was significantly decreased in the DM and GLP-1 groups in comparison with the normal controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while that of p-eNOS was markedly increased in the GLP-1 group as compared with the DM group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the Akt level among the three groups of animals (P > 0.05). The expression of p-Akt was remarkably reduced in the DM and GLP-1 groups in comparison with the control rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but higher in the GLP-1 than in the DM group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGLP-1 can protect the function of endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum and improve the erectile function of DED rats by regulating the Akt/ eNOS signaling pathway, which indicates that GLP-1 could be an important option for the treatment and prevention of DED.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Liraglutide ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; Penis ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the comprehensive program of integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of cognitive impairment in earthquake brain injury.

METHODSThe multi-central randomized controlled trial was adopted. The qualified subjects were randomized into an acupuncture + rehabilitation group (38 cases) and a rehabilitation group (35 cases). In the acupuncture + rehabilitation group, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and cognitive rehabilitation training were combined as the comprehensive program of integrated Chinese and western medicine in the treatment. In the rehabilitation group, HBO and cognitive rehabilitation training were adopted. The efficacy and safety were assessed.

RESULTS(1) After treatment of 2 months, the intelligent state, cognitive function and activity of daily life of patients were improved in the both groups (all P < 0.01). (2) After treatment of 2 months, the score of MMSE and the score of activity of daily life were (24.11 +/- 4.08) and (75.45 +/- 13.95) in the acupuncture + rehabilitation group, which were more significant as compared with (17.05 +/- 43.84), (66.06 +/- 12.75) in the rehabilitation group, respectively (both P < 0.01). In 6-month follow-up visit after treatment, the cognitive function and activity of daily life were improved continuously in the acupuncture + rehabilitation group, which was more significant as compared with the rehabilitation group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe integrated Chinese and western medicine of acupuncture, HBO and cognitive rehabilitation training is safe and effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment in earthquake brain injury. The therapeutic effect is more advantageous as compared with the simple rehabilitation program of western medicine.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Cognition ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence and onset of age of stroke in Chinese adults aged 35 years old and above.

METHODSData from the 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey was used to analyze the prevalence of stroke by age, sex, regions, and the differences of onset of age of stroke among the alive patients.

RESULTStandardized prevalence of stroke in Chinese adults aged 35 years old and above was 1111.5 per 100,000, 1258.9 per 100,000 in male which was higher than female (959.3 per 100,000). The prevalence of stroke in urban (1544.8 per 100.000) was higher than that in rural (758.1 per 100,000). The standardized prevalence of stroke in the north (1479.3 per 100,000) was significantly higher than that in the south (719.6 per 100,000). The standardized prevalence of stroke in eastern, central and western region was 1469.0 per 100,000, 1085.4 per 100,000, 614.9 per 100,000, respectively. It is estimated that there were 5.627 million patients with stroke aged 35 years old and above in China in 2002. The age at onset of stroke in the alive patients was skewed distribution. Median was 60 years old. The first incidence of stroke within 60-age group accounted for 32.4%. The age at onset of stroke was no significantly different between male (60 years old, chi(2) = 0.00, P > 0.05) and female (60 years old). The median of the age at onset of stroke (61 years old) in urban was higher than that in rural (58 years old, chi(2) = 17.34, P < 0.01). The median in eastern region was higher than that in central and western regions (57 years old, chi(2) = 12.92, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of stroke was significant different by sex and regions. Among the alive patients, more than half of their first incidence of stroke were before the age of sixties.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Stroke ; epidemiology