OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of clozapine, olanzapine and resperidone on the levels of body mass index (BMI), leptin, fasting insulin concentration(FINS) and insulin resistance(IR) in inpatients with schizophrenia; to investigate the relationship between BMI, leptin, FINS and IR in subjects. METHODS: Seventy-four Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia, treated with monotherapy of clozapine (n=27), risperidone (n=19) and olanzapine (n=13) for at least one year or unmedicated (n=15), were recruited; Levels of BMI, leptin, FINS and were measured, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) were performed. RESULTS: Significant difference in the mean levels of BMI was the found between four groups (P<0.05). In post hoc test, it was seen that clozapine and olanzapine-treated patients had higher levels of BMI than those in risperidone and control group; there was a significant difference in the level of leptin (P<0.05), which was the highest in clozapine-treated patients; in the comparison of the mean values of FINS and HOMA-IR levels between four groups, there was no statistically significant difference. There was a positive correlation between BMI and leptin leves, FINs, and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Treatment with clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in inpatients with schizophrenia. The positive correlation between BMI and serum leptin, fasting serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR suggests that the increase of serum leptin and fasting serum insulin levels would be an important trait of metabolic syndrome related to monotherapy of treatment with clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone in inpatients with schizophrenia.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Eye ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paralysis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the secretion of chemokine regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES)influenced by the complex microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis and investigate chemotaxis of RANTES on the peritoneal monocytes.Methods The contact and non-contact co-culture systems including three target cells of ectopic tissue were established.The three target cells were endometrial stromal cells(ESC),human peritoneal mesothelial cells(HPMC)and monocytes.After collection of the supernatant of co-culture systems,the levels of RANTES were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(EUSA).Migration of U937 cell,a monocyte line,was detected by chemotaxis assay.Results ESC,HPMC,and U937 cultured alone secreted slight RANTES,(5.0±0.5),(4.0±0.3),and (254±40)ng/L. Compared with the culture of the target cell alone,the levels of RANTES in each co-culture system increased significantly,with the highest level in the contact culture system of E-H-U(2250±96)ng/L. RANTES secretion of non-contact co-culture of three cells were higher than contact co-culture of two cells(P＜0.01):U/E-H(912±93) vs E-H(50±40)ng/L,H/E-U(1201±93) vs E-U(243±192)ng/L,and E/H-U(1519±96) vs H-U(1251±73)ng/L. ESC,HPMC,and ESC-HPMC co-culture improved significantly migration of U937 cells [ number of cell migration respectively(6.0±0.3),(6.2±0.3),(10.0±0.3)×103,P＜0.01],which could be inhibited efficiently by anti-RANTES neutralizing antibody.Condusion The target cells in the peritoneal cavity of patients with endometriosis promote the secretion of RANTES in autocrine and paracrine manners and migration of monocytes.

Objective To investigate the trend of the national Kaschin-Beck disease condition, and provide the scientific basis for the government to make preventing strategy. Methods The data were collected from national surveillance on Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD) condition from 2000 to 2007 by restrospective method. The national X-ray detective rates and KBD condition in the eastern and western areas of China were analyzed. Results Monitoring data were collected from 189 monitoring points in 14 provinces of China, and 21 287 X-ray films were photographed of right hands of children from 2000 to 2007. X-ray detective rate was decreased significantly of national KBD from 2000 to 2007. The condition in the west of China is slightly more serious than the eastern areas, but the average of X-ray detective rate was also decreased from 21.75% to 7.30%. National condition is basically controlled. X-ray detective rate had been controlled below 5%, exept for Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia and so on. Conclusions Ninty percent of the wards have reached the controlled level according to the X diagnosis standard. In terms of the severity of the disease, most of the wards are occupied by patients with slight condition, 10% ward with moderate condition, less than 1% ward with serious condition.

To develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of isoguanosine in Semen Crotonis Tiglii.

Objective: To observe the effects of sodium heparin and low molecular weight heparin on the release of plasma hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in senior coronary heart disease patients.Methods: Fifty-four senior patients with coronary heart disease were divided into three groups: intravenous sodium heparin, subcutaneous sodium heparin, and subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Plasma HGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured before and after injection.Results: Plasma HGF was increased rapidly and significantly after intravenous injection of sodium heparin, reaching its peak level (about 48 fold) after approximately 10 minutes. Plasma HGF was also increased rapidly and significantly after subcutaneous injection of sodium heparin and LMWH, reaching its peak level (about 4 and 5 fold in sodium heparin and LMWH respectively) after approximately 2-3 hours. Conclusion: The rise of plasma HGF after heparin treatment suggests that heparin has some other biological effects in addition to its anticoagulant property through HGF. By this mechanism, the administration of heparin may be of some importance in the reparation of cardio-vascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, and to analyze whether strain rate (SR) can be early sensitive evaluation for septic heart failure.Methods Sixty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups by random number table (n = 16 in each group): sham group, cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model group, anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group. The anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were injected with 5μL/g of anti-MyD88 antibody or anti-TRIF antibody through the tail veins 2 hours before CLP. Eight animals in each group were used to observe the survival of 24 hours, and the other 8 myocardial tissues were harvested for examination. The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography before and 6 hours and 12 hours after operation. The mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors in myocardium were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 24 hours after operation, and the degree of neutrophils infiltration was detected by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.Results The number of 24-hour survive in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were higher than that in CLP group (number: 4, 3 vs. 2,P = 0.044,P = 0.047). Compared with sham group, the cardiac function was significantly decreased, the mRNA expressions of myocardial tissues MyD88, TRIF, interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased, and the infiltration of neutrophils were obvious in CLP group. Compared with CLP group, the left ventricular short axis fractional shortening rate (FS) and SR were significantly increased after 12 hours in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group [FS: (49.52±1.78)%, (49.89±1.49)%vs. (41.11±1.63)%, SR (s-1): 17.63±2.16, 17.85±1.64 vs. 12.55±1.84]; the mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors were significantly decreased [MyD88 mRNA (A value): 0.463±0.046, 0.505±0.048 vs. 0.638±0.102, TRIF mRNA (A value): 0.413±0.031, 0.410±0.021 vs. 0.625±0.057, IL-1 mRNA (A value):0.569±0.101, 0.570±0.091 vs. 0.946±0.171, IL-6 mRNA (A value): 0.551±0.143, 0.431±0.157 vs. 0.850±0.194, TNF-α mRNA (A value): 0.471±0.082, 0.444±0.093 vs. 0.707±0.094]; and the infiltration of neutrophils were significantly decreased [MPO (U/L): 62.34±2.60, 60.87±2.40 vs. 73.83±4.90], with statistically significant differences (allP < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in above parameters between the anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group (allP > 0.05).Conclusions Blocking MyD88 and TRIF expression play significant and similar roles in protecting cardiac deterioration from sepsis by attenuating cytokine release, reducing neutrophil infiltration. SR can sensitively assess septic cardiac dysfunction.

0.05). In active SLE, the CD3~+HLA-DR~+, CD4~+HLA-DR~+ and CD8~+ HLA-DR~+ cells of BM were all higher than those of peripheral blood in the control group(P

Objective: To investigate the glycolipids from Polygala sibirica var. megalopha and their structure-activity relationship of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. Methods: The 75% EtOH extract of P. sibirica var. megalopha was chromatographied with D101 macroporous resins column by water, 35% EtOH, 65% EtOH, and 95% EtOH, successively. Compared to other elution parts, the 65% EtOH elution part exhibited stronger XO inhibition. Further bioassay-guided separation led to the isolation of four known glycolipids, which demonstrated potent XO inhibition. Results: Four compounds were identified to be tenuifoliside A (1), 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (2), 3'-E-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl-6-benzoyl sucrose (3), and 3'-E-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl-4-benzoyl sucrose (4) through spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time. This enzyme inhibition was dose dependent and the IC50 values of compounds 1, 3, and 4 were 9.5, 10.2, and 7.7 μmol/L, respectively. Among them, compound 2 had significantly higher XO inhibitory activity than that of the control allopurinol (IC50=11.2 μmol/L). It was speculated that the styryl side chain linking with sugar base played an important role on the XO inhibitory activity. Conclusion: Glycolipides as a novel series of XO inhibitors, may be developed into a promising remedy for human gout.

Currently, some Chinese medicine species in Shanghan Zabing Lun have been abolished or substituted, or the use frequency has decreased. In this article, the reason of these phenomenons has been analyzed. It might be connected with the intensive toxicity of the herb, deficiency of some valuable species and indefinite pharmacodynamic action mechanism. Even more, some species usage deviate from clinical ethics. Further more, the solution of the problem resulted by above phenomena was proposed. To propose solutions from successive dynasty documents, clinical therapeutic effect verification and pharmaceutical research, the enlargement of the use frequency for some species will come true. And some abolished species will be waken up to use in clinical. Those substituted herbs will be suitable for the practice better.
Drug Prescriptions ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards