The special environmental features of high altitude, such as hypobaric hypoxia, low temperature, arid, high solar radiation, variable climate and geochemical anomaly, cause great effects on human physiology and health. It will provide valuable references and new ideas to study drug's metabolism in special environment of high altitude hypoxia, and give the guidance to clinical reasonable medication, avoiding adverse reactions and personalized medicine in plateau areas. This article reviewed the effect of high altitude hypoxia on drug metabolism, elaborated metabolic characteristics of some drugs and the activity and expression of drug metabolism enzymes under hypoxia environment at high altitude, and discussed related mechanism.
Altitude ; Climate ; Cold Temperature ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism

According to the teaching situation,associated with common problems which influence paper quality,we discussed how to control students' paper quality on preventive medicine,such as adopting strict defense procedure,making score standard of defense,and so on.

Objective To explore the effect of behavioral training on the differentiation of neural stem cells in the dental gyrus (DG) in rats with hippocampus infarction. Methods Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into infarction plus behavior training group, infarction group and control group. Photochemistry method was used to induce hippocampal infarction in rats of the infarction plus behavioral training group and infarc-tion group. At 1 day after surgery, Morris water maze training was used for infarction plus behavioral training group, free-movement without training was performed for infarction group. Double staining immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) with neuronal nuclei ( NeuN ) or glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the DG at different time points. Results Few BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double staining cells were observed in the DG of control rats. In the infarction group and infarction plus behavioral training group the number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells increased in the DG on the opposite side compared with the control group on 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery (P < 0.05 ). There observed significantly more BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP double-stained cells in the infarction plus behavioral training group than that in the infarction group on the 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days after surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Behavioral training can accelerate the differentiation of neural stem cells to neuron and astrocyte, by which to promote the re-covery of neural functions.

Muscle recently has been identified as a good source of adult stem cells that can differentiate into cells of different lineages.Researchers have identified two types of stem cells in skeletal muscle.Further research is necessary to delineate the relationship between different populations of musclederived stem cells(MDSCs)and between MDSCs and other adult stem cells.The methods used to isolate these cells appear to influence the stem cell characteristics.As these efforts continue,the potential for MDSCsbased therapy for other musculoskeletal injuries,as well as for cardiac and smooth muscle injuries,is currently being explored.The behavior,biocharacteristic,isolation,differentiation and the probability of application to regenerate lost or diseased tissue of MDSCs were summarized.

Animals ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; Cattle ; Colostrum ; Esterases ; blood ; Female ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lipids ; blood ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cardiomyopathies ; blood ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Troponin I ; blood

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukopenia ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; Male

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of the drug-resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to the third generation of cephalosporins.METHODS MICs of 13 ?-lactams to the eleven Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates were detected with the standard agar dilution technique.K-B disc confirmatory method was conducted to determine the ESBLs phenotype of the eleven isolates.The ESBLs encoding genes were analyzed by using PCR.RESULTS The eleven isolates were all resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins(MIC≥64 ?g/ml).Disk confirmatory test showed that 10 isolates produced ESBLs.The hydrolytic activity of the ESBLs from the 10 isolates to cefoperazone and cefamandole was very high.However,the hydrolytic activity of the ESBLs from the 10 isolates to ceftazidime was very low.CONCLUSIONS The enzyme activities and the genes of extended-spectrum ?-lactamases from 10 Gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates are preliminarily analyzed.These results provide the basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of the drug-resistence of Gram-negative bacilli.

Objective To identify the nursing interventions and activities for hemiplegic patients in various functions suffered from stroke,and guide clinical practice.Methods Review rehabilitation of evidence-based clinical practice and literature of hemiplegic patients,stroke patients in different functional states were continuously cared and recorded by a researcher.Nursing program was identified according to patients' functions and the sixth edition of Nursing Interventions Classification,8 experts were consulted by a questionnaire survey,which was based on the initial screened nursing interventions and activities,30 nurses and 41 experts were consulted then.Results The established nursing program included 20 interventions and 307 activities.80％-100％ nurses' opinions culminated in consensus on the selected interventions.The selected activities scored 4.00-5.00 in average,with the coefficient of variations ranging from 0.00 to 0.25.Conclusions The established nursing program is convenient to communication and could be a tool to guide the clinical nursing practice.

AIM: To explored the treatment effects of retinal laser photocoagulation and the applications of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) in the diabetic retinopathy.METHODS: We collected 60 patients(120 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy(Ⅲ~Ⅳstage) from February 2013 to February 2014 in Anyang Eye Hospital admitted in fundus disease department.The health control (HC) group of 55 normal people was established simultaneously.Ocular blood flow velocity of the 55 normal people (110 eyes) and the 60 patients (120 eyes) was examined by CDFI of central retinal artery (CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCAs) using the PHILIPS HD6.Peak systolic velocity(PSV) was recorded.The examinations of CDFI, electroretinogram(ERG) and the vision were performed in pre-operation, 1,7d, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS: Compared the PSV of CRA of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(P<0.05);compared the PSV of CRA of the DR group after photocoagulation with the data before, there was a significant difference(P<0.05).Compared the PSV of PCAs of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(P<0.05);compared the PSV of PCAs of the DR group after photocoagulation with the data before, there was a significant difference at 1d postoperatively(P<0.05), there was no significant difference at 7d, 1, 3 and 6mo(P>0.05).Compared the aA and bA of ERG of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(P<0.05).Compared the aA and bA of ERG of the DR group after photocoagulation with the data before, there was a significant difference(P<0.05).Compared the aT and bT of ERG of the DR group before and after photocoagulation to the data of the HC group, there was a significant difference(P<0.05);compared the aT and bT of ERG of the group DR after photocoagulation with the data before, there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The vision of 49 cases(98 eyes) was improved 1 to 3 rows, the effective rate was 82%.The vision of 11 cases(22 eyes) remained constant.CONCLUSION: Retinal laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment to diabetic retinopathy patients, which can significantly reduce the peak systolic velocity of the central retinal artery, improve and stabilize the condition, protect visual function in long-term clinical effect.Color doppler flow imaging can observe the changes of ocular vessel flow velocity in diabetic` eyes noninvasively, repeatedly and in real time, providing a basis for clinical treatments.