Evidence-based medicine(EBM) emphasizes that the clinical practice should be based on the combination of the best available clinical evidence,medical experiences and patient desire to cope with the demand of medical decision-making.Guidelines for good clinical(research) practice,conduct of more trials as multicentre trials,and the cochran collaboration may all help apply the best research evidence to clinical practice.China is challenged by variety of health problems.The implementation of EBM will improve the decision-making and health care services and protect the doctors and patients rights.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Processing on antioxidation of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati. Method: The oxygen free radicals generation system and mouse liver homogenate lipid peroxidation in vitro were used. Result:The processed products of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati could scavenge superoxide radical （O2*）generated through hypoxanthine-oxidase system and (*OH) generated through Fenton action, and inhibit lipid peroxidation induced by hydroxyl radical generation system, respectively. There existed significant differences among the different processed products. Conclusion:After Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati were processed, their effects became weaker.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and hypoxia inducible factor1α (HIF-1α) level,microvessel density (MVD) in human gliomas.Methods ~(18)F-FDG PET scan was performed preoperatively in 41 patients with gliomas (including 23 highgrade and 18 low-grade tumors).The ratios of maximum standardized uptake value(SUV_(max))between tumor (T)and contralateral white matter (WM) were calculated (T/WM).Immunohistochemical stain methods were used to evaluate the level of HIF-1α and measure the MVD in tumors.Correlation analysis between SUV_(max) of T/WM and HIF-1α level,MVD wag performed.The t-test,one-way ANOVA test,Spearman rank correlation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were calculated using SPSS 11.5 software.Results (1)The SUV_(max) of T/WM,HIF-1α level and MVD in high-grade and low-grade tumors groups were 3.39±1.43,95.7% and 44.13±16.1 vs 1.46±0.55.55.6% and 18.83±7.07,respectively.The difierences of SUV_(max) of T/WM,HIF-1α level and MVD between two groups were statistically significant (t=-5.921,z=-3.938,t=-6.745,all P＜0.05).(2)Among 41 gliomas,the strong positive expression of HIF-1α was observed in 8,mederate in 9,weak in 15 and negative expression was found in 9,SUV_(max) of T/WM and MVD increased with increasing HIF-1α level.The differences of SUV_(max) of T/WM and MVD among 4 different groups were statistically significant (F=7.41,P＜0.05).(3) The MVD of all gliomas was ranged from 9.76 to 94.52,which correlated with SUV_(max) of T/WM(r=0.759,P＜0.05).Conclusions The SUV_(max) of T/WM correlates with HIF-1α level and MVD in gliomas.Therefore,~(18)F-FDG PET provides preoperatively a noninvasive assessment of hypoxia or angiogenesis in human glionma.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and mechanism of curcumin derivative B06 on kidney from rats with hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThirty five male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n = 7): the normal control group, high-fat group, high-fat + B06-treatd group, diabetic group, diabetic + B06-treated group. After fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks, the later two groups were in- jected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. B06-treated groups were given B06 by gavage at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg . d for 8 weeks. After the treatment, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were detected biochemically, the morphology of kidney was observed with light and transmission electron microscopy, the expression of collagen fibers was observed with Masson staining, the protein expression of collogen IV and fibronectin in kidney were determined by Immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIt was showed that the levels of the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen elevated significantly in diabetic group. In high-fat and diabetic groups, increased glomerular mesangial matrix and collagen fiber and thicken glomerular basal membrane were observed under light microscopy, swelling and fusion of foot process were found under electron microscope; increased green matrix within glomeruli was observed under Masson staining. collogen IV and fibronectin protein expression were significantly enhanced in high-fat group and diabetic group. After B06's intervention, the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were decreased in diabetic groups, the morphological change of kidney was obviously relieved, Collogen IV and fibronectin protein expression reduced.

CONCLUSIONCurcumin derivative B06 exerts a protective effect on kidney in type 2 diabetic rats, reduced expressions of collogen IV and fibronectin, inhibition of the accumulation of extracellular matrix and glomerular mesangial proliferation, and then prevention of renal fibrosis may be the mechanism.

Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Collagen Type IV ; metabolism ; Creatinine ; blood ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; complications ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Uric Acid ; blood

Individual identification plays an import role in the practice of forensic medicine, and often provides crucial evidence for the analysis and detection of criminal cases.However, for individual identification in complex situations, such as monozygotic (MZ) twins assumed to be genetically identical, it is impossible to distinguish one from the other by using traditional forensic DNA typing system.Therefore, how to discriminate the MZ twins has become and will continue to be one of the difficult problems in forensic field.This paper summarized the genetic and epigenetic changes recently identified in MZ pairs, which might provide a new insight to forensic discrimination of MZ twins.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT scan in differentiation of brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging.

METHODSForty-one brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging including 30 brain tumors and 11 non-neoplastic lesions confirmed pathologically or clinically underwent (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT brain scan. Among them, 15 patients who were suspected to have brain metastasis received body scan by (18)F-FDG PET-CT. Both images were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively.

RESULTSVisual analysis: for brain tumors the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET-CT was 53.3%, 72.7%, 58.5%, versus 96.7%, 90.9%, 95.1% of (11)C-MET PET-CT, respectively. All the primary foci in 9 patients with brain metastases were detected by body (18)F-FDG PET-CT scan. Semiquantitative analysis: There was a significant difference in the uptake between highly differentiated malignant and poorly differentiated tumors as well as non-neoplastic lesions for both tracers (P < 0.01), while between low-grade malignant tumors and non-neoplasm lesions, there was a difference in uptake only by (11)C-MET (P < 0.01). No significant difference between the uptakes in brain metastasis and glioblastomas was found by both tracers (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT are useful in differentiation of brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging. (11)C-MET PET-CT is more helpful than (18)F-FDG PET-CT in differential diagnosis of low-grade neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Combination of (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET PET-CT scans can improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis for brain ringlike-enhanced lesions on MRI imaging.

Acetates ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Abscess ; diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Carbon ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Child ; Craniopharyngioma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Glioblastoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; secondary ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

AIMTo investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on dilatory responsiveness and NOS expression of abdominal aorta in rats.

METHODSTwenty male healthy SD rats, which body weight ranged from 300 g to 330 g, were divided into control group and simulated microgravity group randomly. After 4 weeks, using isolated arterial rings from rats, arterial dilatory responsiveness of abdominal aorta were examined in vitro. And the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), including endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), were observed by Western blot.

RESULTSDilatory responses of arterial rings to L-Arginine (10(-8)-10(-3) mol/L), and Acetylcholine mol/L) were decreased in simulated microgravity rats compared with that of controls; but dilatory responses of isolated aortic rings to sodium nitroprusside (mol/L) and 8-bromo-cGMP(mol/L) were similar in both simulated microgravity rats and control rats. The expression of both eNOS and iNOS had not showed significant differences between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe data indicate that endothelium dependent vasorelaxation in abdominal aortic rings are decreased by 4-week simulated microgravity, and this change may be result from altered NOS activity in endothelium.

Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; metabolism ; Arginine ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Weightlessness Simulation

OBJECTIVETo amplify the PCR with the internal transcribed spacerl regions measure the base sequence of the amplified products of DNA, and to set up an identified standard on the level of molecule.

METHODDNA from the seeds of G. dahurica was extracted by conventional method, and composed peculiar primer was used to amplify with the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene, and the base sequence of the amplified products by stopping the circle of the end of double deoxidation of four color fluorescent mark was measured.

RESULTIt was proved by agar sugar gel electrophoresis that the PCR amplified products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene existed. The base sequence of the seeds of G. dahurica's internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene was measured.

CONCLUSIONTo measure the base sequence of internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rRNA gene in the seeds of G. dahurica's is a method to identify vegetal Chinese traditional medicine on the level of molecule.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Gentiana ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Seeds ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the histochemical staining in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.

METHODSTo compare the effectiveness of picrosirius red, improved Ponceau trichrome and Masson trichrome staining methods on bone formation tissues in conventional osteosarcoma, paraosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, malignant fibrohistiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosis with ossification and calcification.

RESULTSWith modified Ponceau trichrome staining, bone formation tissues showed a homogenous, orange-red interblended with blue in color. From osteoid to mature bone the color changed from orange-red, light blue to dark blue. Fibrotic tissue was stained blue in color with striated appearance. Cartilage was not stained. Picrosirius red method gave bone formation tissues homogenous staining. Along with bone maturation, from osteoid tissue to mineralized bones, the color showed changes from light red, yellow, orange-red, red to dark purple. The cartilage demonstrated homogenous light red in color. Fibrous tissue stained red interblended with yellow in color, striated in shape. With Masson trichrome staining osteoid displayed pale blue and mineralized bone showed dark blue in color. Fibrotic tissue showed a striated blue staining.

CONCLUSIONThe modified Ponceau trichrome and Picrosirius red staining methods are better than Masson trichrome to demonstrate bone formation tissue in osteosarcoma. The former two methods could be also used in study on bone formation.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods