Case discussion is an effective approach,which combines basic theory with clinical medicine.It can evoke students' interest and cultivate their creative thinking capacity.Moreover,it can improve teachers' general ability in teaching pathophysiolo- gy.In this article,we discuss the application of case discussion in pathophysiology teaching.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cross Infection ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; blood ; Serum ; chemistry

China ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

The self-designed experimental teaching method is introduced in detail in this paper,including the preparative work before class,discussion of experimental designing proposal,and accomplishment of specific experiment and so on.The teaching method innovations on pathophysiology experiment are very helpful to cultivate the students' ability to solve practical problem and lay the foundation to cultivate talented medical science personal.

This study was purposed to confirm the practical efficacy of reducing indicating germs suspended in plasma by riboflavin and photosensitized inactivation and to evaluate its influence on activation of apheresis platelet concentrates. The synergistic effects of riboflavin combined with ultraviolet irradiation on inactivation of germs were investigated by using Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus) as Gram⁻ and Gram(+) indicating germs, respectively. The activation status of apheresis-platelet concentrates treated with riboflavin combined with ultraviolet irradiation was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that when 50 μmol/L of riboflavin was combined with 6.2 J/ml of ultraviolet irradiation, the T/E ratios reached 1.42 for E. coli and 1.68 for S. Aureus, and reduction of E. Coli and S. Aureus were 3.87 Logs and 3.82 Logs respectively; the CD62p expression level on germ-inactivated platelets stored at 22 degrees C for 0 and 5 days were 4.92% and 36.18% respectively, which slightly increased as compared with controls (3.94% and 32.03)% (p < 0.05). It is concluded that combination of riboflavin with ultraviolet irradiation displays well synergistic effects which can reduce E. Coli and S. Aureus counts, but no significantly influence on platelets. The partial activation of liquid platelets mainly presents metabolism damage during storage, which is found at an acceptable level.
Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Drug Carriers ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Humans ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Photosensitizing Agents ; pharmacology ; Platelet Count ; Plateletpheresis ; methods ; Riboflavin ; pharmacology ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between lamivudine-resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and serum HBV DNA loading before antiviral therapy.

METHODSThis study involved 106 patients with hepatitis B receiving lamivudine treatment for an average of 32 months (rang 12-48 months). Serum HBV DNA loadings were measured with PCR before and every 4 to 6 months during lamivudine therapy. HBV YMDD mutants were detected using mismatched PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) during lamivudine treatment.

RESULTSHBV DNA loading was significantly higher in patients infected with HBV YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy than those infected with HBV without YMDD mutation.

CONCLUSIONHigh viral loading in hepatitis B patients before treatment is associated with high likeliness of HBV YMDD mutation during lamivudine treatment. HBV DNA loading may be indicative for the occurrence of YMDD mutation during lamivudine therapy.

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Viral Load ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of imprinted genes related to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos for understanding the relationship between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and BWS.

METHODSUsing nested reverse transcription-PCR to analyze the expression of P57KIP2, LIT1, TSSC3 in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos.

RESULTSTranscripts of P57KIP2 were detected in human oocytes and at all stages of preimplantation embryos. LIT1 was expressed only in stages of 8-cell and blastocyst. Transcripts of TSSC3 could not be detected in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos.

CONCLUSIONTranscripts of P57KIP2 and LIT1, imprinted genes related to BWS, were detected in human preimplantation development; ART might affect the epigenetics of imprinted genes in early embryogenesis.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome ; genetics ; Blastocyst ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomic Imprinting ; genetics ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of processing Phellodendron anurene with salt on anti-gout.

METHODThe mouse serum uric acid level and liver xanthine oxidase activity were used to evaluate anti-gout effects of raw and processing P. amurense with salt.

RESULTBoth raw and processing P. amurense with salt reduced serum uric acid levels in the in hyperuricemic mice, and inhibited activities of liver xanthine oxidase at the low and high doses respectively, thus exhibiting anti-gout effects. Moreover, they showed the tendency to decrease the uric acid levels in the normal animal only at the high dose. The latter was a little weaker than the former.

CONCLUSIONProcessing with salt might not significantly change anti-gout effect of P. amurense.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gout Suppressants ; pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Hyperuricemia ; blood ; enzymology ; Liver ; enzymology ; Male ; Mice ; Phellodendron ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Sodium Chloride ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Uric Acid ; blood ; Xanthine Oxidase ; metabolism

The megakaryocyte and platelet lineage may be one of the major sites of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, whether HCMV aggravates apoptosis in normal megakaryocytes was not well investigated. Megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 and HCMV AD 169 strain were co-cultured in this study. PCR was used to detect the direct infection of the cells by HCMV IEA expression. The apoptotic cells were analyzed by morphologic observation, DNA ladder formation, annexin V/PI and PI assay with flow cytometry. The results showed that HCMV significantly inhibited the growth of CHRF cells in three different concentrations of viral infection groups (10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1)). The viability levels in each infection groups were 77%, 73% and 68% respectively after incubation for 7 days, compared with 98% in the control group. Using annexin V/PI with flow cytometry, it was shown that the percentages of apoptotic cells viral infection in groups (10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1)) were (21.3 +/- 2.49)%, (25.8 +/- 3.65)% and (31.4 +/- 3.91)% at 7 days after infection, while the control was (3.68 +/- 1.47)%. The apoptotic cells were further confirmed by morphologic observation and DNA ladder formation. Furthermore, PCR detection also showed the direct infection by identification of HCMV IEA expression in CHRF cells. This study suggested that HCMV could directly infect megakaryocytes and aggravated apoptosis in HCMV-infected megakaryocytes.
Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; pathogenicity ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, radiologic findings, treatment options and prognosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT).

METHODSThe clinicopathologic and radiologic features were retrospectively analyzed in 10 cases of DNT.

RESULTSIntractable partial seizure was the main presenting symptom in all patients. The tumor was located in temporal lobe (number = 5), frontal lobe (number = 3) or parietal lobe (number = 2). CT scan displayed a hypodense lesion. MRI scan revealed the tumor was non-enhancing T1WI hypointense and T2WI hyperintense, with internal septation and hyperintense ring around the tumor seen on FLAIR image. There was neither peritumoral edema nor mass effect. Histologically, the tumor showed the presence of glioneuronal element, with oligodendrocyte-like cells, floating neurons, astrocytes and associated microcystic changes. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated positivity for NeuN and synaptophysin in the neurons and some oligodendrocyte-like cells. Olig2 and S-100 protein were also expressed in the oligodendrocyte-like cells. Ki-67 index were lower than 1% in all cases. Nine cases were treated by complete surgical excision and the remaining case was subtotally excised. No post-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given. One of the 10 cases recurred on follow up.

CONCLUSIONSCorrect diagnosis of DNT requires correlation with clinicopathologic, radiologic and immunohistochemical findings. Complete resection of the tumor and epileptogenic foci is the mainstay of treatment for DNT, with intraoperative EEG monitoring. Post-operative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is not required.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult