To study corneal lymphangiogenesis after corneal transplantation, corneal allogenic transplantation models were established in rats. 8 female Wister rats were used as donors, and 16 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as recipients and 2 SD served as controls. Corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis was examined by electron microscopy 1 and 2 weeks after corneal penetrating transplantation, and the expression of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor (LYVE-1) was examined 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the transplantation respectively. In addition, 19 allograft failed human corneas were examined by 5'-nase-alkaline phosphatase (5'-NA-ALP) double-enzyme-histochemistry staining to detect corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis. By immunohistochemistry for LYVE-1, it was found that blown lymphatics were localized in the stroma 3 days after the corneal transplantation. With electron microscopy, new lymphatic vessels and blood vessels were found 1 and 2 weeks after the corneal transplantation. By 5'-NA-ALP enzyme-histochemistry, corneal hemangiogenesis was found in all allograft failed human corneas and 5 of 19 (26.3 %) cases had developed corneal lymphangiogenesis. It is concluded that corneal lymphangiogenesis is present after corneal transplantation, which may play an important role in allograft rejection.
Cornea/*blood supply ; Cornea/chemistry ; Cornea/ultrastructure ; Corneal Neovascularization/etiology ; Corneal Neovascularization/metabolism ; Corneal Transplantation/adverse effects ; Corneal Transplantation/*methods ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/biosynthesis

OBJECTIVE：To study the therapeutic effect and safety of domestic tolterodine tartrate in treating patients with urinary bladder overactivity.METHODS：56 cases of bladder overactivity were divided into two groups randomly：tolterodine and control(oxybutynin)group.The course of treatment was 6 weeks.RESULTS：The effect of tolterodine in treatment group was comparable to that of oxybutynin in control group,however,the adverse reactions in oxybutynin group were more common than those in tolterodine group.CONCLUSION：Tolterodine is a suitable drug to treat bladder overactivity.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Cooking ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the atopic condition of children with stable asthma and their parents by detecting total IgE concentration in serum and collecting history. Methods Fifteen children with asthma in remission stage and 24 parents and 40 normal children were involved in this study. The concentrations of serum total IgE were measured with UniCAP Pharmacia system. The history including eczema and allergic rhinitis and asthma of children and parents were collected. Skin test with 10 kinds of inhalant allergens were taken in children with asthma. Results Of 15 children with asthma, 13 cases (86.7%)had eczema in infant stage and allergic rhinitis, 13 parents(86.7%)had allergic rhinitis or asthma. There was significant difference in the stable asthmatic children compared with parents and normal control group increased amounts of serum total lg IgE(F=68.42 P=0). There was significant difference in serum total lg IgE in patients group(2.43?0.73)kU/L compared with that in normal control group(0.72?0.54)kU/L (q=14.176 P0.05). Twelve children were positive in skin test, which were mainly dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farinae.Conclusions There is obvious congregate phenomena of atopy in the family of asthmatic children. The continuous high IgE concentration was associated with immune pathological mechanisms of atopic diseases.

Objective To explore the changes of interleukin-13(IL-13) and total immunoglobulin E(IgE) levels in children with stable asthma.Methods Eighty-eight cases of children with asthma in remission stage aged 6-14 years old and 40 normal children were involved in this study.The concentrations of serum IL-13 and total IgE were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method and UniCAP pharmacia system.Results Clinical evaluation and lung function were improved in asthmatic children.Serum IL-13 level of asthmatic children in remission stage was higher than that of control group(U=3.93 P0.05).Conclusions There exists continuous allergic inflammation for children with asthma in remission stage.The high concentrations of serum IL-13 and IgE are associated with immune pathological mechanisms of asthma.

To study corneal lymphangiogenesis after corneal transplantation, corneal allogenic transplantation models were established in rats. 8 female Wister rats were used as donors, and 16 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as recipients and 2 SD served as controls. Corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis was examined by electron microscopy 1 and 2 weeks after corneal penetrating transplantation, and the expression of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor (LYVE-1) was examined 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the transplantation respectively. In addition, 19 allograft failed human corneas were examined by 5'-nase-alkaline phosphatase (5'-NA-ALP) doubleenzyme-histochemistry staining to detect corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis. By immunohistochemistry for LYVE-1, it was found that blown lymphatics were localized in the stroma 3days after the corneal transplantation. With electron microscopy, new lymphatic vessels and blood vessels were found 1 and 2 weeks after the corneal transplantation. By 5'-NA-ALP enzyme-histochemistry, corneal hemangiogenesis was found in all allograft failed huma n corneas and 5 of 19(26.3%) cases had developed corneal lymphangiogenesis. It is concluded that corneal lymphangiogenesis is present after corneal transplantation, which may play an important role in allograft rejection.

Objective To explore the relationship between corticospinal tract (CST) repairment and motor function recovery after rehabilitation in stroke patients by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods 15 stroke patients with internal capsule lesions and injured CST, 4-8 weeks after onset were included. They were scanned with DTI and assessed with the simple Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) before and after 3-month rehabilitation. The fractional anisotropy (FA), FA ratio (rFA) and FA asymmetry (FAasy) in cerebral peduncle, posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) and corona radiate were obtained. The correlation of differences of FA, rFA and FAasy of CST with FMA was analyzed. Results The scores of FMA increased after treatment (P<0.01). The FA of the ipsilesional CST were significantly less than that of contralesional ones before and after rehabilitation. There was statistical differences in FA, rFA and FAasy in the corona radiate section of CST after treatment (P<0.05), but was not in the cerebral peduncle and PLIC section. However, there was no significant correlation of FA, rFA and FAasy of corona radiate section to scores of FMA. Conclusion DTI can respond to the repairment of corticospinal tract after stroke, especially in the corona radiate section.

Objective To explore brain plasticity of upper extremities motor function recovery after stroke with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods 25 stroke patients with internal capsule lesions and affected corticospinal tract (CST), 4-8 weeks after onset, were divided randomly into rehabilitation group (n=13) and control group (n=12). Both groups received routine medication and the rehabilitation group also received rehabilitation. All the patients were scanned with DTI and assessed with upper extremity Fugl-Myer Assessment (UE-FMA) before and 3 months after treatment. The fractional anisotropy (FA), FA ratio (rFA) and FA asymmetry (FAasy) in cerebral peduncle, posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) and corona radiate were obtained. The bilateral corticospinal tracts were reconstructed with diffusion tensor tractography. Results The scores of UE-FMA increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and increased more in the rehabilitation group than in the control group (P<0.05). There was significant difference in FA, rFA and FAasy in the corona radiate section of CST after treatment in the rehabilitation group (P<0.05), but was not in the cerebral peduncle and PLIC section. However, there was no significant differences in FA, rFA and FAasy in the control group. The ipsilesional CST fibers were more compact after treatment in the rehabilitation group. Conclusion Rehabilitation can improve the upper extremities function recovery after stroke, which may associated with the repairment of CST in the corona radiate section.

Objective To analyze the medical service capacity of primary healthcare in Zhejiang province since the ongoing healthcare reform and put forward suggestions. Methods Key indicators of healthcare resources and medical service utilization from 2009 to 2015 reflecting the primary healthcare were identified,for a quantitative analysis in terms of the structure-process-outcome dimensions. Results In terms of structural service capacity,the average headcount growth rate of primary healthcare′s technical personnel was 5. 7% per year; the personnel competence structure kept improving; the hospital beds at primary institutions and their ratio among all were slightly decreased,with better devices and informatization. In terms of procedural service capacity,the proportion of primary institutions with contract-based services amounted to 89. 9%,with the standard contract signing rate up to 18. 8%. In terms of consequential service capacity,the average growth rate of the number of outpatient visits at primary institutions was 6. 3%. The amount and proportion of inpatients were slightly decreased,while the hospital bed utilization ratio was increased slightly. Conclusions It is necessary to further strengthen the training and introduction of primary healthcare professionals. The functional orientation of hospitals at various levels should be clarified, encouraging contract-signing of general practitioners, promote the medical insurance payment reform featuring the capitation payment at primary level,and improve the income distribution and incentive mechanism.

AIMTo determine the effect of piperazinyl estrone, a new estrogen derivative, on bone turnover, bone mass and uteri in ovariectomized rats.

METHODSFemale Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (sham) at the age of 3 months and treated with estrone (E) at 0.75 mg.kg-1.d-1, or with piperazinyl estrone (P-E) at 1 or 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, orally, for 3 months. At the time of death, the uterine weight was measured. Bone histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses (PTM) was performed in undecalcified sections.

RESULTSBone histomorphometric data showed that the percent trabecular area (% Tb.Ar) of OVX rats with bone high turnover was significantly decreased. The uteri were atrophied. The percent trabecular area (% Tb.Ar) of estrone treated group was increased in decreasing bone turnover manner. But the size and weight of uteri in this group were increased vs OVX group. The bone loss induced by OVX was preserved by P-E treatment, but the mechanism of maintaining bone is different from that of E-treated rats. P-E treatment in low dose did not decrease any bone formation indices, such as percent labeling perimeter, bone formation rate per bone volume (BFR/BV), except bone mineral apposition rate (MAR) compared with E-treated group, and maintained them at OVX level. The uteri were found to be in atrophy compared with the match dose (0.75 mg) of E-treated OVX rats. But rats treated with high dose of P-E showed the same change like E-treated group.

CONCLUSIONThe finding of this study shows that lower dosage of piperazinyl estrone has effect on preventing the bone losses in OVX rats, while the bone formation and the uterus are not affected, thus supporting the hypothesis that piperazinyl estrone has the potential to prevent postmenopausal bone loss in women with less side effects.

Animals ; Atrophy ; prevention & control ; Bone Density ; Estradiol Congeners ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Estrone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uterus ; pathology