Objective To observe the curative effect and recurrence rate of desmopressin acetate(DDAVP) combined with bladder training therapy on primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE) in chlidren.Methods One hundred children with PNE were randomly divided into control group and observation group(50 cases in each group).Children in control group were treated with simple DDAVP,and patients in observation group were treated with bladder training while DDAVP was using.The course of treatment were 3 months.The therapeutic effect between the 2 groups when the treatment was finished was compared and then followed up all the cases for 3 months to compare the near-term and long-term recurrence rate between the 2 groups.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The total effective rate in control group was 72.9%,and the near-term recurrence rate and the long-term recurrence rate were 22.9% and 54.3%,respectively.The total effective rate in observation group was 91.3%,and the near-term recurrence rate and the long-term recurrence rate were 11.9% and 28.6%,respectively.The total effective rate was significantly higher in observation group than that in control group(Z=-1.972,P=0.049).The near-term recurrence rate in 2 groups had no significant difference(?2=1.632,P=0.201).The long-term recurrence rate was extremely lower in observation group than that in control group(?2=5.249,P=0.022).Conclusions There is significant curative effect that DDAVP combined with bladder training therapy on PNE in children,and it can lower the long-term recurrence rate.

Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficient disorder(IDD) 10 years after achieving the stage goal of eliminating IDD in Longyan city and to evaluate the effect of prevention and treatment measures, and to provide the basis for the development of control strategies. Methods There were 7 counties in the city, and each county(city, district) was as a unit to carry out the inspection for organization and leadership,iodine salt management, monitoring and control, health education (referred to as the four management indicators)according to "The County-Level Assessment and Evaluation Implementation Detailed Rules of Realizing the Goal to Eliminate IDD in Fujian Province". According to the east, west, south, north and middle positions in each county,a village and a primary school were selected. Forty 8 to 10 year-old students in each school were randomly selected to check thyroid and among them 20 students were collected urine samples to determine urinary iodine. Nine townships were selected in the 7 counties of the city and among which 4 administrative villages were selected in each township. Eight edible salt samples from each household in each administrative village were collected to test salt iodine. Goiter was examined by palpation, the level of urinary iodine was examined by arsenic and cerium spectrophotometry, salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results The average score of the four management indicators was 94.1 in Longyan city. The adjusted goiter rate of children aged 8 - 10 years old was 1.9%. The median of urinary iodine was 278.6 μg/L, among which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 4.57%(32/700), 100 -＜ 200 μg/L accounted for 24.00%(168/700), 200 - ＜ 300 μg/L accounted for 25.29%(177/700), and higher than 300 μg/L accounted for 46.14%(323/700). The using rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.86%. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.50%, the qualified rate of iodized salt was 99.35%, and the rate of non-iodized salt was 0.50%. All the indicators had reached the national standard to eliminate IDD. Conclusions After achieving the stage goal of eliminating IDD, the disease is stable and the effect of control measures are significantly. But the iodine provided has a trend of more than suitable. Therefore, it is reasonable to reduce the current salt iodine content.

Objective To understand the current situation of iodine deficiency diserders(IDD) in Longyan City and to evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures of IDD in order to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control tactics. Methods During the year of 2006 and 2007, the 30 primary schools were screened by population proportion survey(PPS) from the 7 counties of Longyan City. Forty children aged 8-10 years in each school were randomly selected as a group to examine thyroid, and 7 children in each group were selected to measure the urine iodine and the salt iodine at the same time. The goiter rote, the median urinary iodine, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, the iodine salt coverage rate, the rate of qualified iodized salt and the non-iodized rate were detected. Results The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years old in Longyan City was 0.94%(79/8438). The median urinary iodine was 259.12 μg/L. The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.86% (1462/1494). The iodine salt coverage rate was 99.46%(1486/1494). The rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.38 (1462/1486), and the non-iodized rate was 0.54% (8/1494). Conclusions All indicators have reached the national standard of eliminating IDD in Longyan City.

Forkhead Box c2 (FOXC2) is a member of forkhead/winged-helix family of transcription factors. The relationship between FOXC2 and invasive breast cancers, including basal-like breast cancer (BLBC, a subtype of breast cancer), remains to be elucidated. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FOXC2 in samples from 103 cases of invasive breast cancers and 15 cases of normal mammary glands. The relationship between FOXC2 and clinical parameters of invasive breast cancers such as patient's age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, the expression of ER, PR, HER-2 and p53, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was evaluated. The expression of FOXC2 was detected in parent MCF7 cells, MCF cells transfected with FOXC2 expression vectors and MDA-MB-435 cells by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Transwell assay was used to determine the invasive ability of these cells. The results showed that FOXC2 was strongly expressed in basal epithelial cells in normal mammary glands and weakly expressed or even not expressed in glandular epithelial cells. The majority of invasive breast cancers (71.8%, 74/103) had negative or weak expression of FOXC2. However, FOXC2 was strongly expressed in 60.7% of BLBCs. Moreover, FOXC2 was related with tumor grade, p53 expression, ki-67 LI and lymph nodes metastasis. It was expressed in FOXC2-transfected MCF cells and MDA-MB-435 cells but not in parent MCF cells. Transwell assay revealed that MCF cells transfected with FOXC2 expression vectors were more aggressive than the parent MCF cells, suggesting a positive correlation between FOXC2 and the invasion of breast cancer. It was concluded that there is a significant association between FOXC2 and the metastasis of invasive breast cancer. FOXC2 may be used as a new marker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of different subtypes of invasive breast cancers.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo compare the immunophenotypic and clinical characteristics between NPM1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (NPM1m(+)AML) and unmutated AML(NPM1m(-)AML) not otherwise characterized (NOS) under similar FAB subtypes constituent ratio.

METHODSImmunophenotyping and NPM1 gene mutation type-A, B and D and other leukemic related fusion genes were detected by multiparameter flow cytometry and real time RT-PCR or PCR, respectively. 104 AML patients with NPM1m(+)AML and performed immunophenotyping assay were included, 97 with NPM1m(-)AML.

RESULTSThere were significant difference between the two groups at presentation in terms of sex, white blood count(WBC), platelet counts (PLT), blast ratio, normal karyotype ratio, WT1 expression level, FLT3-ITD mutation positive rate and remission rate of first course of induction therapy (P < 0.05). On the immunophenotype, the expression of early differentiation antigens (CD34, HLA-DR, CD117, CD38), lymphocytic antigens (CD7, CD4, CD19, CD2), myeloid and monocytic differentiation-associated antigens (CD13, CD14, CD15) were lower, and that of CD33 as well as CD123 were higher in NPM1m(+)AML patients. Among them, only CD34, HLA-DR, CD7, and CD4 positive cases were significantly lower in NPM1m(+)AML group than in NPM1m(-)AML group (P < 0.05), the rest of them had significant difference in the number of positive cells (P < 0.05). Above features were further analyzed between the M1/M2 and M4/M5 subgroups. M1/M2 cases retained the women prominent and had a higher WT1 expression level (P < 0.05). The expression of monocytic differentiation-associated antigens including HLA-DR and lymphocytic antigens were higher and that of CD117 were lower in M4/M5 subtype (P < 0.05). Among them, the positive rates of HLA-DR, CD64, CD11b, CD10, CD15, and CD4 were significantly higher in M4/M5 than in M1/M2 in NPM1m(+)AML group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe most clinical characteristics in NPM1m(+)AML patients are consistent with reports, but some immunophenotype are different to the previous reports under similar FAB subtypes constituent ratio. The major immunophenotypic features of NPM1m(+)AML patients are lower expression of progenitor, myeloid and lymphoid lineage antigens. Monocytic differentiation-associated antigens are only higher expression in M4/M5 cases when comparison with M1/M2 cases within NPM1m(+)AML group.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate levels of common specific fusion transcripts M-bcr-abl, m-bcr-abl, TEL-AML1, AML1-ETO, PML-RAR alpha, CBF beta-MYH11 in untreated leukemia patients.

METHODSSpecific fusion transcript levels were detected by TaqMan-based real-time quantitative RT-PCR technique in a total of 208 samples, including 195 bone marrow samples from 50 M-bcr-abl(+) chronic phase-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP), 10 M-bcr-abl(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 19 m-bcr-abl(+) ALL, 11 TEL-AML1(+) ALL, 30 AML1-ETO(+) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 58 PML-RAR alpha(+) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and 17 CBF beta-MYH11(+) AML patients and 13 peripheral blood samples from 13 M-bcr-abl(+) CML-CP patients. abl was chosen as internal control gene. Fusion transcript level was calculated as fusion transcript copies/abl transcript copies in percentage.

RESULTSBone marrow and peripheral blood samples of CML-CP patients had similar M-bcr-abl fusion transcript levels (median 30% vs 35%, P > 0.05). M- and m-bcr-abl (median 64% vs 54%) levels were similar in ALL patients (P > 0.05), M-bcr-abl level was significantly higher in ALL than CML-CP patients(P < 0.001). Median TEL-AML1 level was 228% in ALL patients. Among AML patients, AML1-ETO level was significantly higher than CBF beta-MYH11 and PML-RAR alpha levels (median 388% vs 145%, 388% vs 47%, all P < 0.001), CBF beta-MYH11 level was significantly higher than PML-RAR alpha level (P < 0.001). Fusion transcript levels of L-, V- and S-type PML-RAR alpha were 45%, 44% and 55%, respectively. L-type was significantly lower than S-type (P = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONSFusion transcript levels in untreated leukemia patients were different and patient-to-patient variations did exist. Detection of fusion transcript levels in untreated leukemia patients not only provides baseline for minimal residual disease monitoring and treatment evaluation but also enable the comparison in inter-laboratory data.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo determine the distribution of HLA-B alleles in the Chinese Yi ethnic group and its association with HIV infection.

METHODSOne hundred and six unrelated healthy HIV negative and 73 HIV positive Chinese Yi ethnic individuals were typed by PCR-SSP.

RESULTSThe frequency of alleles B*07, Bx 35, and B*46 were increased in HIV-1-positive subjects, whereas the alleles B*55, B*44 and B*78 were absent in the HIV-infected persons studied. The B*46 allele was present in a significantly higher gene frequency among HIV-1-positive individuals (P=0.02, OR=3.32, 95% CI=1.13-9.78) compared with control subjects.

CONCLUSIONHLA-B*46 may be associated with its susceptibility to HIV-1 infections.

Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; DNA ; analysis ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HIV Infections ; blood ; genetics ; HIV Seropositivity ; blood ; HIV-1 ; pathogenicity ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of quantification of WT1 mRNA for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSWT1 mRNA level was detected with real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR) technique in bone marrow samples from 15 normal subjects (NBM) and 123 AML patients. Sixty-two AML samples were also detected AML1-ETO mRNA expression by RQ-PCR. Simultaneously follow-up of WT1 and AML1-ETO levels were carried out in 50 samples from 8 AML patients. WT1 and AML1-ETO levels were normalized by internal control ABL gene.

RESULTSAll correlation co-efficiencies were over 0.99 for WT1, AML1-ETO and ABL standard curves. Co-efficiencies of both interassay and intraassay variation were below 4%. The WT1 expression levels in NBM were 0.001 to 0.019 with a median level of 0.008. Higher levels of WT1 expression were found in 61 of 67 (91%) newly diagnosed AML patients compared with NBMs and 37 of the 67 (55.2%) showed 100-fold higher WT1 levels than that in NBMs. WT1 mRNA levels were highest in M(4EO) and M(3) and lowest in M(1) and M(5) patients. There was an excellent correlation between WT1 and AML1-ETO gene expression levels (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). WT1 expression levels in three patients who were in continuous complete hematological remission (CHR) were within normal range. In three of four relapsing patients, WT1 expression levels increased 31.4, 11.4 and 4.0 fold respectively one month before hematological relapse.

CONCLUSIONSQuantification of WT1 expression level by RQ-PCR may be used to monitor MRD for most AML patients, but it is less sensitive than fusion gene. Continuous or significant increase of WT1 expression in CHR patients predicts an impending relapse.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated transfer of PDCD5 gene on apoptosis of K562 cells induced by etoposide. Recombinant adenovirus PDCD5 (Ad-PDCD5), control vectors Ad-null and Ad-eGFP were constructed by AdMax vector system respectively. After K562 cells were transfected by Ad-PDCD5, Ad-null or Ad-eGFP with different multiplicity of infection (MOI), the expression level of the PDCD5 gene was examined by RQ-RT-PCR assay. The effects of etoposide in combination with Ad-PDCD5 on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were measured by using MTT assay and flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI dual labeling technique, respectively. The results showed that the transfection efficiencies of Ad-eGFP in K562, Jurkat and CEM cells ranged from 60% to 86%. Expression level of PDCD5 gene in K562 cells was evidently increased following transfection with Ad-PDCD5. The Ad-PDCD5 synergistically enhanced the apoptotic percentage of K562 cells induced by VP-16, as compared with that of Ad-null + VP16 and VP-16 alone respectively. It is concluded that Ad-PDCD5 may be a potential agent for enhancing the chemotherapy effect.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility, indication and method of oocyte vitrification during the IVF - ET procedure, so as to increase the utilization of oocytes and reduce oocyte waste.

METHODSThis study included the patients whose husbands failed to provide sperm samples at the time of oocyte pickup or from whom more than 25 oocytes were obtained. With the patients' consent, some of their oocytes were subjected to cryopreservation by vitrification, and used for IVF - ET after thawed.

RESULTSTotally, 53 oocytes from 7 patients were thawed, and 44 (83.02%) survived, of which 41 M II oocytes were subjected to ICSI and 32 (72.73%) were fertilized. Thirty embryos were formed, with a cleavage rate of 93.75%. Sixteen embryos were transferred in 9 cycles, with achievement of 2 clinical pregnancies and delivery of 3 healthy babies. The implantation rate was 18.75% and the live birth rate 22.22%. Seven of the embryos were still cryopreserved.

CONCLUSIONCryopreservation of oocytes by vitrification effects satisfactory rates of survival and fertilization, and that of surplus oocytes can increase oocyte utilization and adds to the alternatives for IVF - ET.

Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; methods ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Vitrification