Animals ; Brain Edema ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics parameters of SPIO-shRNA dual functional molecular probe and observed the main organ distribution by MRI in vivo. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe, respectively. The blood samples were collected to analyze the pharmacokinetic parameters by measuring the iron content at 30 minutes before and after the injection. Twenty-four Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group was injected intravenously with physiological saline 200 µL per mouse via the tail vein, the other 3 groups were injected intravenously with different doses of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe. MRI observation was performed in 24 hours, and the liver, spleen, kidney, brain and muscle were collected for iron quantification with Prussian blue staining to determine distribution of the SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in the main organ in vivo. Our results suggest that the molecular probe blood half-life is more than 3 hours. The data of MRI suggest the probe was distributed in liver and spleen, and the MRI signal was reduced with the increase in probe's doses (P < 0.05). The results of Prussian blue staining confirmed the results of MRI. Most of the probe could escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system. Our data provide the pharmacokinetic and distribution of SPIO-shRNA molecular probe in organs. Meanwhile, it suggests the choice of the time and dose of probe for MR imaging of tumor in vivo.
Animals ; Half-Life ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Mice ; Molecular Probes ; pharmacokinetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemistry ; Rabbits

Macrophages are involved in many important biological processes and membrane proteins are the key effector molecules for their functions. However, membrane proteins are difficult to analyze by 2-DE based method because of their intrinsic tendency to self-aggregate during the first dimension separation (IEF). To circumvent the obstacle hampering membrane protein analysis, we combined one-dimensional SDS-PAGE with capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this technique, we identified 458 GO annotated membrane proteins with extremely high confidence, including most known markers of peritoneal macrophages (e.g., CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD18, CD86, CD44, CD16 and Toll-like receptor). Thirteen other CD antigens and 18 Ras-related small GTPase were also identified. In addition to those known macrophage membrane proteins, a significant number of novel proteins have also been identified. This research provides a valuable data set of macrophage membrane proteins, thus allowing for more comprehensive study of membrane proteins and a better understanding of the function mechanisms of macrophages in many biological processes.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a multiplexing Y-STR system and study haplotype frequencies of 4 Y-specific loci in China Han population. METHODS: DYS439, DYS390, GATA-A7.2 and DYS393 loci were amplified simultaneously and were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. RESULTS: When 558 unrelated male individuals from the Han population in China were tested by the multiplex system, DYS439, DYS390, GATA-A7.2 and DYS393 show 7,7,7,6 alleles, respectively. 180 different haplotypes were detected. The power of discrimination of this system was 0.9853. CONCLUSION The multiplex amplified system of these 4 Y-specific loci and their database are useful for human origin exploration and forensic practice.
Alleles ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA/isolation & purification* ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Silver Staining ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-encoded F protein in hepatocytes.

METHODSThe full-length F gene was amplified by PCR from HCV genotype 1a and cloned into plasmid pSEB-3Flag by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation. Hepatoma cell lines, Huh7 and SMMC7721, were transfected with the resultant recombinant pSEB-3Flag-F or the original pSEB-3Flag (negative control) and screened with the selective antibiotic, blasticidin. Stable F gene and protein expression was verified by RT-PCR analysis. Analysis of cell growth and cell cycle was carried out by MTS assay, crystal violet staining and flow cytometry.

RESULTSHuh7 and SMMC7721 cells transfected with pSEB-3Flag-F plasmid (Huh7-F and SMMC7721-F, respectively) uniquely expressed the F gene and protein. The Huh7-F and SMMC7721-F cells showed significantly decreased proliferation rates, compared to the respective control groups. A similar HCV F-mediated growth-inhibiting activity was observed by the cell viability assay. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that the S-phase distribution was much lower in Huh7-F (47.12%) and SMMC7721-F (30.75%) cells than in the respective controls (55.35% and 33.23%, respectively) (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONStable expression of the HCV F gene reduced the in vitro proliferation rate of hepatoma cell lines, indicating that the F protein may function as a growth inhibitor of infected cells.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate current status and the influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in Lhasa region.Methods From November 2015 to July 2016,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 000 individuals in Lhasa region and H.pylori infection was detected by 13C urea breath test.Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among 1 000 individuals,576 (67.60％) cases were infected by H.pylori.The H.pylori infection rate in people less than 60 years old was 59.32％ (538/907),which was higher than that of people no less than 60 years old (40.86％,38/93),and the difference was statistically significant (x2=11.765,P＜0.01).The higher the education level,the lower the infection rate of H.pylori (x2=16.381,P =0.001).The difference in the infection rate of H.pylori in different occupations was statistically significant (x2 =28.699,P＜0.01).The infection rate of H.pylori was lowest in mental workers (45.77％,119/260) and was highest in heavy labor worker (79.35％,123/ 155),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =44.985,P＜0.01).The lower the family annual income,the higher the infection rate of H.pylori (x2 =84.472,P＜0.01).Raw meat intake (odd ratio (OR)=1.725,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.192 to 2.249),dietary taste (OR=1.316,95％CI 1.056 to 1.564) and sharing dishware (OR=2.723,95％CI 1.973 to 3.431) were positively correlated with H.pylori infection (all P＜0.01),and family income was negatively correlated with H.pylori infection (OR=3.205,95％CI 2.358 to 4.056,P＜0.01).Conclusion The infection rate of H.pylori decreased in Lhasa region compared to that of 10 years ago,which may be due to the improved dietary habit as well as social-economic condition.

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemiological status and risk factors of hyperuricemia in rural area of the Three Gorges.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was carried out in rural area of Yiling District, Yichang City, which was located north-west bank of Xiling Gorge in 2007. A standard structure questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, social-economic status and life-style features. Fasting venous blood was collected and serum uric acid (SUA) was determined. Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA levels ≥ 417 µ mol/L (70 mg/L) in men and ≥ 357 µmol/L (60 mg/L) in women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analysed the risk factors of hyperuricemia.

RESULTSA total of 9354 participants aged 35 and above were included, 19.9% (1866/9354) participants were the Three Gorges migrants. Serum uric acid level in men was significantly higher than that in women [(285.1 ± 80.2) µmol/L vs. (210.3 ± 65.0) µmol/L,P < 0.01].Serum uric acid level increased significantly in both genders in proportion to increase of age, and was higher in men than in women in all age groups (all P < 0.01). The age-adjusted prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (5.6% vs. 3.3%, P < 0.01), and was also higher in men aged 35-44 and aged 45-54 than in women (both P < 0.01). There was no significance in prevalence of hyperuricemia in both men and women aged 55-64 and aged ≥ 65. After adjusting age, gender, educational level, migration and occupation, the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in alcohol drinking participants than that of non-alcohol drinking participants (OR = 2.06, 95%CI:1.59-2.67, P < 0.01), and in participants used to consume less green vegetables and fruits than in participants consuming more green vegetables and fruits (OR = 1.77, 95% CI:1.27-2.47, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hyperuricemia is relatively low in rural area of the Three Gorges.Alcohol drinking and low intake of green vegetables and fruits are the risk factors of hyperuricemia in this population.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of albumin administration on lung injury in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) rats.

METHODSForty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups randomly (n=16 in each group): Group A, Group B, Group C. In Group A, rats underwent laparotomy without shock. In Group B, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their blood plus lactated Ringer's (twice the volume of shed blood). In Group C, rats undergoing T/HS were resuscitated with their shed blood plus additional 3 ml of 5% human albumin. The expression of polymorphonuclear neutrophils CD18/CD11b in jugular vein blood was evaluated. The main lung injury indexes (the activity of myeloperoxidase and lung injury score) were measured.

RESULTSSignificant differences of the expression of CD18/11b and the severity degree of lung injury were founded between the three groups. (P<0.05). The expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group B and Group C increased significantly compared with those in Group A (P<0.05). At the same time, the expression of CD18/CD11b and the main lung injury indexes in Group C decreased dramatically, compared those in Group B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe infusion of albumin during resuscitation period can protect lungs from injury and decrease the expression of CD18/CD11b in T/HS rats.

Albumins ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; CD11b Antigen ; metabolism ; CD18 Antigens ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; complications ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDTumor intrinsic chemoradiotherapy resistance is the primary factor in concomitant chemoradiotherapy failure in advanced uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma. This study aims to identify a set of genes and molecular pathways related to this condition.

METHODSForty patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIb or IIIb, treated with platinum-based concomitant chemoradiotherapy between May 2007 and December 2012, were enrolled in this trial. Patients included chemoradiotherapy resistant (n = 20) and sensitive (n = 20) groups. Total RNA was extracted from fresh tumor tissues obtained by biopsy before treatment and microarray analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed between the two groups.

RESULTSMicroarray analysis identified 108 genes differentially expressed between concomitant chemoradiotherapy resistant and sensitive patients. Functional pathway cluster analysis of these genes revealed that DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, Map kinase signal transduction, anaerobic glycolysis and glutathione metabolism were the most relevant pathways. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and protein kinase A type 1A (PRKAR1A) were significantly upregulated in the chemoradiosensitive group, while lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), bcl2 antagonist/killer 1 (BAK1), bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) were upregulated in the chemoradiotherapy resistant group.

CONCLUSIONWe have identified seven genes that are differentially expressed in concomitant chemoradiotherapy resistant and sensitive uterine cervical squamous cell carcinomas, which may represent primary predictors for this condition.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; radiotherapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pregnancy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; radiotherapy