The strength model of self-control suggests that the exertion of self-control depends on a limited resource. Intervention studies over the years have aimed to improve participants'self-control via increasing their ca-pacity for the resource or decreasing their consumption of it. We conducted a review of the literature to provide summarized updates on the advances made in the intervention studies that have been conducted based on the strength model. The findings suggest that various behavior-training methods can build greater capacity for self-con-trol resource. Meanwhile,several behavior-training methods,mindfulness,and ingestion of glucose may also effec-tively slow down or enhance the recovery of ego-depletion. Future studies may further explore the mechanisms through which the behavior-training exert its positive influence. Similarly,to improve the ecological validity,it is recommended that future studies pay more attention to a wide range of self-control tasks. Qualitative studies are also wanted. Additionally,to improvethe daily life applications of the various intervention techniques,these sorts of stud-ies have the propensity to improve the practical significance of the strength model of self-control.

Stem cell therapy provides immense hope for restoring the impaired cardiomyocytes .However, it has been debated on the effectiveness , mechanisms , and survival of the donated cell population in the ischemic myocardial milieu .Protective paracrine effect of stem cells on cardiomyocytes gradually arose great attentions .Exosomes , as typical representative of paracrine effect of stem cells, are 30-100 nm in size and tiny microvesicles released by cells in response to different physiological states , and enriched in pro-teins, messenger RNAs, and miRs characteristic of parental stem cells , represent great potential for treating cardiovascular diseases . Recent studies show that exosomes from different kinds of stem cells can effectively promote cardiac function by means of promoting the donated cell survival , proliferation and angiogenesis in the ischemia heart .The aim of this review is to summarize current research ef-forts on exosomes from different kinds of stem cells , including their potential mechanism to develop a potentially viable therapy for the treatment of impaired cardiomyocytes via promoting cardiomyocytes survival , proliferation and angiogenesis;inhibiting inflammatory re-sponse and cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction .

ObjectiveTo study the missing items in questionnaire cfidentification for TCM constitution.MethodsThe questionnaires were regarded as study objects,which were independently finished by 1322 participants in Changfeng community who were over 45 years and agreed to participate in.The data'was analyzed by SPSS.ResultsMissing items were found in the questionnaires,with a missing rate of 33.74％ on an overall basis.No statistic difference was noted between male and female (x2=0.67,P＞0.05).The rate of missing items increased as participants' age climbing up to the age of 80,and then decreased.Groups characterized with age and gender showed difference in missing items.89.69％ of the incomplete questionnaires had less than 3 missing items,which concentrated in some specific items.ConclusionAttention should be addressed to the fact that missing items were found in questionnaircs of identification for TCM constitution finished independently by residents.

Forty rats were selected for the experiment, which were divided into three groups including experimental ulcer group, normal saline and normal control groups. The pancreatic tissue were prepared for immunohistochemical staining at 6th, 10th, 14th, and 21st day after operation. Sternberger's PAP method was used to show the glucagon cell (A cell) and insulin cell (B cell) in order to observe their changes during the experimental peptic ulcer. In normal control group, the percentage of A cells is 23.31?1.91 (X?SD) and that of B cells is 73.1?4.01. But in experimental ulcer group, the A cell percentage is raised up to 42.6?5.59 and the B cell percentage is lowered down to 57.5?4.55 on the 10th day after operation. Comparing with normal saline group and normal group their differences show statistical outstanding differences. The result may point out that both A and B cells of pancreatic islet take part in the body's natural resistance against the disease, especially A cells.

Sixty five adult male rats were selected for the experiment. The rats were divided into three groups. Peptic ulcer was induced in the experimental group by means of injection of acetic acid to the submucosa of the stomach. Animals of the control group were injected with normal saline instead. Another control group consisted of normal rats without any treatment. All rats were killed at different time intervals (2-28 d) after the operation. The pancreas tissues were prepared for enzyme histochemical study. The results were observed as follows: Two to four days after the peptic ulcer operation, in the pancreatic A-cells, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (A1P) decreased and 5-nucleotidase (5-Nase) activity increased. A1P, adenosinc triphosphatase(ATPase),succinic and lactic dehydrogenases(SDH, LDH), glucose-6-phosphate and a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases(G-6-PD,orGPD)acuvities were rasied in varying degrees and returned to normal level after 28 days of the operation. In the pancreatic B-cells, during the early stage of the peptic ulcer, acid phosphatase (AcP) and 5-Nase activities increased and ATPase activity declined. But after four days, AcP, 5-Nase, SDH and LDH activities declined, then began to recover and returned to normal level after twenty one days of the operation. In the normal saline operation control group, the changes of A- and B-cells, two to four days after the operation were the same as in the peptic ulcer group and returned to normal level during the period of six to ten days. The above histochemical changes showed that the pancreatic A- and B-cells played a certain role in the recovery of the experimental peptic ulcer.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Age Factors ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Rural Population ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Melanoma ; Melanosis ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Objective To analyze the present situation about early screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip( DDH) of infants in Shapingba district of Chongqing,and to explore the methods to improve the rate of diagnosis about DDH. Methods A total of 2 066 infants among 0~6 months old living in Shapingba district of Chongqing,were examined with clinical and ultrasound method on hip. Results Six infants with DDH were discovered among the 2 066 infants,which was more common in the female baby. The deficiency of hospital in which can exam hip with ultrasound method and the deficiency about DDH were the significant factors affecting the low detection rate. Conclusion Necessary measure must be taken to improve the low detection rate of DDH.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the effect of the solution-focused brief group counseling on relieving procrastination of graduate students.Methods:Totally 33 graduate students with procrastination [the score of Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) was more than or equal to 3.5] were selected through the Internct.They were randomly divided into two groups,17 in the ordinary counseling group (ordinary group) and 16 in the solution-focused counseling group (SF group).Samples in the SF group were given the solution-focused brief group counseling,while the ordinary group was given ordinary group counseling.The General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES),Self-control Scale (SCS) and Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) were used to get the outcome of graduate students at baseline,the time after the group counseling (1 week follow-up,1 month follow-up).Results:The interactive effect between group and time of SCS,PPS were statistically significant (Ps ＜0.01).Separate analyses showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in all variables at baseline (Ps ＞0.05).At the end of the group counseling,the SCS scores were higher in the SF group than in the Ordinary group,and the PPS scores were lower in the SF group than in the Ordinary group.Conclusion:It suggests that solution-focused brief group counseling could improve selfcontrol and relieve procrastination.