Fetal-type posterior cerebral artery is a common embryonic derivation type of the Willis.This article reviews the definition and typing of the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery,and its relationship with collateral circulation,ischemic stroke,and intracranial aneurysm,etc.

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) with infarction distribution and stroke severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThe patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.They were divided into either a FTP group or a non-FTP group according to the results of magnetic resonance imaging.The former group was further divided into complete FTP (cFTP) and partial FTP (pFTP).According to the results of diffusion-weighted imaging, the infarction distribution was divided into the territory of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and vertebrobasilar artery.According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the stroke severity was assessed, <8 was defined as mild stroke, and ≥8 was defined as moderate to severe stroke.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of FTP with infarction distribution and stroke severity.ResultsA total of 647 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, and 201 (31.1%) had FTP, including 162 (25.0%) cFTP and 39 (6.0%) pFTP.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cFTP and pFTP were the independent risk factors for MCA infarction (cFTP: odds ratio [OR] 24.714, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.952-45.766, P<0.001;pFTP: OR 14.526, 95% CI 6.832-25.931, P<0.001), and the independent protective factors for PCA infarction (cFTP: OR 0.214, 95% CI 0.022-0.531, P<0.001;pFTP: OR 0.326, 95% CI 0.018-0.739, P<0.001), they were also the independent risk factor for the severity of acute ischemic stroke (cFTP: OR 22.138, 95% CI 12.492-64.067, P<0.001;cFTP: OR 19.510, 95% CI 8.956-23.514, P<0.001).ConclusionscFTP and pFTP are the independent risk factors for MCA infarction, and the independent protective factors for PCA infarction, and at the same time, they were also the independent risk factors for the moderate to severe stroke.FTP is associated with the infarction distribution and the stroke severity in acute ischemic stroke.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Indigo Carmine ; Indoles ; therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Recurrence

Female ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Thyroid Neoplasms

Objective:To observe the efficacy of acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians plus moving cupping on neck and shoulder for migraine. Methods:A total of 64 migraine cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Random number table method was used in allocation. Acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder were used for cases in the observation group, which contain acupuncture 5 times a week and cupping once a week. Oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were used for cases in the control group, 10 mg for each dose, 1 dose a day. 2 weeks constitutes a course of treatment. The patients were treated for two courses of treatment in both groups. After that, the changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) and the migraine disability assessment questionnaire (MIDAS) were observed, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results:The total effective rate and recovery and marked effective rate in the observation group were 93.8% and 71.0% respectively, versus 78.1% and 43.8% in the control group, showing statistical significant differences (both P<0.05). There were significant decreases in VAS and MIDAS scores after treatments in both groups (both P<0.05). VAS and MIDAS scores in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Combining acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder can relieve headache and reduce influence of migraine on life. It can produce a better efficacy than oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules in treating migraine patients.

Objective To observe the expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) mRNA in tubulointerstitial fibrosis( TIF ) rats,and explore the effects of TGF-?1 and PAI-1 on TIF and the interaction between TGF-?1 and PAI-1.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SOR group,n=30) and unilateral urethral obstruction group(UUO group,n=30).TIF model was established via UUO.At d 7,d 14,d 21 after operation,10 rats of every group were killed to obtain renal samples.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitium injury under microscope;mRNA and proteins of TGF-?1 and PAI-1 were detected by real-time PCR assays and Western blotting respectively at d 7,d 14,d 21 after experiment onset.SPSS 10.0 software was used to analyze data.Results 1.HE,Masson staining of renal tissues of all groups indicated that there were no fibrosis in SOR rats,there were vacuole degeneration in tubular epithelial cells and inflammatory cell infiltration in tubulointerstitial in UUO rats at d 7,fibrosis aggravated gradually and became severe fibrosis at d 21.2.The expression locations of TGF-?1 and PAI-1 were renal sites of fibrosis by immunohistochemical staining.The mRNA and proteins of TGF-?1 in rats from SOR groups were lower than those of UUO groups at d 7,d 14,d 21(P

Objective To observe the serum cyclophilin A(CyPA)level change in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods 64 patients with CHD(CHD group)were divided into three groups ac-cording to the clinical types:stable angina pectoris(SAP)group,unstable angina pectoris(UAP)group and acute myocardial infarc-tion(AMI)group;which were divided into three groups according to the coronary artery lesion range:single vessel lesion group, double vessels lesions group and multi vessels lesions group;while 26 controls with normal coronary arteries were select as the con-trol group.Serum levels of CyPA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 )were detected by ELISA,and C-reactive protein(CRP) concentration was detected by the immune scattering turbidimetry test.Results The CyPA,MMP-9 and CRP levels in the CHD group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01);the CyPA and CRP levels in the AMI group and the UAP group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the SAP group(P<0.05),the CyPA and CRP levels had no statistically significant difference between the SAP group and the control group(P>0.05);serum CyPA,MMP-9 and CRP levels in the single vessel lesion group,the double vessels lesion group,multi vessels lesion group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),serum CyPA,MMP-9 and CRP levels were elevated with the increase of coronary artery lesion vessels (P<0.05).In the CHD group,serum CyPA with MMP-9 and CRP showed the significantly positive correlation(r=0.772,0.749, P<0.01).Conclusion Serum CyPA level is significantly increased in the patients with CHD,CyPA may have some relationship to CHD and the plaque stability.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine for treatment of patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT)in lower extremity.Methods A retrospective study was conducted. Forty patients with DVT admitted into Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were randomly divided into control and treatment groups, 20 cases in each group. Conventional therapy was given in both groups. The patients in control group were hypodermically injected with low molecular heparin 3.075 kU, and orally took warfarin sodium; the former injection was terminated on the 3rd day, and afterwards warfarin was solely administered. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the patients in treatment group were additionally treated with Huoxue Tongmai decoction(ingredients: peach kernel 15 g, red paeonia 15 g, honeysuckle flower 15 g, rhizoma alismatis 12 g, semen coicis 30 g, semen plantaginis 9 g, suberect spatholobus stem 12 g, radix scrophulariae 9 g, pawpaw 12 g, radix achyranthis bidentatae 12 g), the formula could be modified in accordance with patients' symptoms and signs, and Jiangjun powder was applied at the lesion externally(ingredients of the powder: rhubarb 250 g, mirabilite 200 g, flour 100 g, vinegar 500 g were mixed to form a smooth paste), once a day, 30 days constituting a therapeutic course and totally 2 courses being taken. The perimeter of the affected limb, visual analogy score(VAS), revascularization rate, curative effect and adverse reaction were observed before and after treatment and compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was higher than that in control group〔90.0%(18/20) vs. 70.0%(14/20),P<0.05〕. After treatment, the perimeter of the affected limb in both groups was significantly smaller than that before treatment, the decrease in treatment group being more marked〔the upper leg(cm):46.21±4.80 vs. 53.18±4.45, the lower leg(cm): 32.57±4.26 vs. 36.21±5.01, bothP<0.05〕. TheVAS scores were significantly decreased in both groups after treatment for 1 month, they reached the valley values after treatment for 2 months, the degree of descent being more significant in the treatment group(2.24±0.58 vs. 3.36±0.61,P<0.01). The revascularization rate of the treatment group after treatment was higher than that of the control group〔85.0%(17/20) vs. 70.0%(14/20),P<0.05〕.ConclusionThe combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine was obviously superior to the sole western medicine for treatment of patients with DVT.

Objective To investigate the effect of tacrolimus on Langerhans cell migration in order to understand the therapeutic mechanism of tacrolimus. Methods C57BL/6 mouse injected with different doses of tacrolimus was stimulated by FITC at ear back. After twelve hours, the number of Langerhans cells which took antigen and migrated to lymph nodes was measured by flow cytometry. The number of Langerhans cells which took antigen and resided in epidermis was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results After injection with tacrolimus, the number of Langerhans cells which took antigen and migrated to lymph nodes was reduced, especially at 12 hours before stimulation by FITC. The reduction was significantly different between the high dose and low dose injection groups. However,the number of Langerhans cells residing in epidermis was significantly higher in tacrolimus injection group than that in the control. Conclusions Tacrolimus, a new kind of immunosuppressive drug,may probably suppress Langerhans cell migration and therefore inhibit immune response in some diseases.