Objective Based on the investigation of household drinking water in Lanzhou, the reason and difference of selecting drinking water by different households of educational and earning level were analyzed. Methods 1 000 households in Lanzhou city were chosen to fill the questionnaires, and the statistical analysis were performed. Results The tap water was chosen by 65.3% of Lanzhou households. 29.8% Lanzhou households drank barreled drinking water. The "convenience" and "price" were major concerns when Lanzhou residents chose drinking water. The acceptable price of barreled drinking water was 7.2 yuan(RMB) per barrel. The households of high income and well educated were the principal households using depth treatment water as drinking water. Residents in Lanzhou city had little concerns about quality of tap water. Conclusion The tape water was chosen by a majority of Lanzhou households as drinking water. The price was the major reason for Lanzhou residents to choose drinking water. In order to keep healthy,the residents should choose safe and healthy drinking water,and they had better clean the trough.

Objective To know the effect of hours of use of the drinking machine on drinking water quality. Methods The hours of use of the drinking machine were 1week, 2, 5, 10, 12, 36 and 60 months, the water samples collected at different hours of use was determined by routine test methods of water quality. Results The total bacteria count and nitrite in drinking water exceeded the standard limits and the two indexes increased as the hours of use of the drinking machine lasted. At the first-using of drinking-machine, the total bacteria count and coliform count exceeded the standard limits seriously. Conclusion In order to ensure the drinking water safety,water should be boiled before drinking and the drinking-water-producing factories should improve the production and management. Cleaning and disinfection of the inner components of drinking water machine should be paid more attetion to.

AIM: To study the mostly pharmacological effects of Kangjun Xiaoyan Tablets (Flos Lonicerae, Radix Stemonae, Radix et Rhizonia Rhei, etc.) METHODS: The pharmacological functions of KJXYT were observed by measuring its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and immune etc. RESULTS: KJXYT had remarkably protected the mice from the infection with streptococcus pneumococcus and staphylococcus aureus; had dramatic anti-inflammatory effect on the inhibited feet edema of rat induced by egg white and the ear edema of mice induced by dimethylbenzene; and had obvious effect on fever of rats caused by dried yeast; besides, and strengthened the phagocytosis of mice’s reticuloendothelial system. CONCLUSION:KJXYT serves the function of antibiosis, anti-inflammation, antipyresis and immunpotentiation. enedth

Objective To observe the effect of nutritional status change on hemodialysis patients of chronic renal failure and deficiency of spleen and kidney treated bytraditional Chinese medicine(TCM) of warming kidney and invigorating spleen. Methods In our center, 146 patients who were diagnosed chronic renal failure belonging to deficiency of spleen and kidney in TCM were received hemodialysis between Jun2012 and May2013. All patients were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=72) and a control group (n=74). 74 patients in the control groupreceived conventional hemodialysis and medicine treatment, and 72 patients in treatment group received conventional hemodialysis、medicine treatment and TCM treatment of warming kidney and invigorating spleen. The comprehensive nutritional assessment of all patients were treated by modified SGAN method (MQSGAN), anthropometric, biochemical and laboratory examination before and 6 monthsafter the treatment. Results The treatment group patients of modified SGAN(9.58±3.15), BMI (body mass index 19.34±0.52) Kg/m2, MAC(upper arm circumference 27.51±1.95)cm, TSF(tricepsskinfold thickness 12.92± 2.42) mm and MAMC(upper arm muscle circumference 23.64±1.96)cm were significantly improved compared with the control g roup(respectively data 13.23±3.14, 17.29±0.76) Kg/m2, (24.01±2.55, 10.58±2.71) mm, (20.71±2.04)cm, P<0.05,and treatment group patients with ALB(serum albumin 38.19±1.95)g/L, PA(prealbumin 2.23±0.16)g/L, TF(transferrin 0.21±0.04)g/L, CH(cholesterol 4.02±0.26)mmol/L, BUN(blood urea nitrogen 19.58±2.17)mmol/L and SCr (creatinine 869.54±79.15)mmol/L were significant improved also compared with the control group(respectively data 33.73±1.31)g/L, (1.67±0.25)g/L, (0.17±0.02)g/L, (3.22± 0.46)mmol/L, (16.27±1.12)mmol/L, (792.73±71.65)mmol/L, P<0.05. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine of warming kidney and invigorating spleen can improve the nutritional status and quality of life on patients with chronic renal failure belonging to deficiency of spleen and kidney type during hemodialysis.

Objective To investigate the display status of ultrasonography imaging check in central nervous system (CNS) in infants of early pregnancy and the diagnostic value of CNS malformation in infants of early pregnancy.Methods Gestational weeks of 2 751 enrolled subjects were divided according to the ultrasonic measurement of the crown rump length (CRL):11-11 +6 weeks group,12-12+6 weeks group,and 13-13 + 6 weeks group,prenatal ultrasound were performed to examine fetal CNS anatomy in infants of early pregnancy,record the display status in each groups of infants and analyze the relationship between the display situation and gestational age.Results Fourteen cases of fetal CNS malformation (20 malformations) in total were found by prenatal ultrasound,and the incidence of CNS malformation was about 5.09％ (14/2 571).Wherein,12 cases of early pregnancy were diagnosed,and 2 cases of middle pregnancy were diagnosed.The sensitivity of ultrasound of early pregnancy in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation was 85.71％.In the group of research,the ultrasound display ratios of 11-11+6 weeks group,12-12+6 weeks group and 13-13+6 weeks group were 96.73％,97.94％,98.06％,respectively.There was no significant difference in early pregnancy fetal CNS display ratio among groups (x2 =1.56,v =2,x2＜ x0.05.2 =5.99,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The display rate of CNS structure in infants of early pregnancy (11-13+6 weeks)is higher,and is not affected by gestational weeks.Prenatal ultrasound can effectively diagnose CNS severe malformation in infants of early pregnancy.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Lavage ; Nasal Obstruction ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; prevention & control ; Rhinitis ; prevention & control ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss the effects of prophylactic chemotherapy on the outcomes and prognosis of invasive mole patients.Methods One hundred and fifteen invasive mole (IM) patients older than 40 years were registered in Peking Union Medical Collage Hospital.Eleven of them were treated with prophylactic chemotherapy before diagnosed as IM prophylactic chemotherapy group,while the other 104 cases received therapeutic chemotherapy after diagnosed as IM (non-prophylactic chemotherapy group).The general clinical data (including age,clinical stage,risk factor score),treatment,outcomes and relapse of patients were retrospectively compared between two groups.Results (1) The age of prophylactic chemotherapy group and non-prophylactic chemotherapy group were (47±5) versus (46±4) years old.Ratio of clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ were 3/11 versus 29.8％ (31/104),clinical stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were 8/11 versus 70.2％ (73/104).Ratio of risk factor score 0-6 were 11/11 versus 84.6％ (88/104),risk factor score ＞6 were 0 versus 15.4％(16/104).There were no significant statistical differences between two groups in age,clinical stage or risk factor score (all P＞0.05).(2) Treatment:the total chemotherapy courses between prophylactic chemotherapy group and non-prophylactic chemotherapy group (median 7 versus 5) were significantly different (Z=3.071,P=0.002).There were no significant statistical differences between two groups in the chemotherapy courses until negative conversion of β-hCG,consolidation chemotherapy courses,total therapeutic chemotherapy courses or ratio of hysterectomy (all P＞0.05).(3) Outcomes and relapse:between the prophylactic chemotherapy group and the non-prophylactic chemotherapy group,the complete remission rate were 11/11 versus 98.1％(102/104),the relapse rate were 0 versus 1.0％(1/102).There were no significant difference between the two groups in outcomes or relapse rate (P＞0.05).Conclusions Prophylactic chemotherapy does not substantially benefit the IM patients older than 40 years.Prophylactic chemotherapy may not significantly improve patients' prognosis,in which increased sample size is required in further study.

Objective:The relationship between the effect of early metabolism in 18F-FDG PET/CT and conventional CT based on the RE-CIST standard to evaluate the best objective response after chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Meth-ods:We studied 40 patients with unresectable locally advanced or advanced NSCLC that were confirmed pathologically. The patients were 35 years old to 78 years old and included 31 males and 9 females. Three patients have unresectable stageⅢA, 8 patients have stageⅢB, 29 patients have stageⅣ, 12 patients have squamous cell carcinoma, and 28 patients have adenocarcinoma. The PET/CT for the effect of chemotherapy was evaluated in NSCLC according to the SUV standard (SUVmax reduction>30%of primary lung can-cer after one cycle of chemotherapy), and the CT for the effect of chemotherapy was evaluated on the basis of NSCLC according to the RECIST standard. The objectives of the study are as follows:compare the differences and consistency between 18F-FDG PET/CT metabol-ic response after the first cycle of chemotherapy and the RECIST best objective response after the first or second cycle of chemothera-py with the paired chi-square test and kappa test;calculate the 18F-FDG PET/CT to predict the best objective response of two cycles of chemotherapy according to RECIST on the basis of NSCLC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and neg-ative predictive value;compare the differences in SUVmax reduction between the metabolic remission group and metabolic no relief group with the two-sample t-test. All statistical methods were 0.05 for the inspection level, and P<0.05 was considered statistically sig-nificant difference (SPSS19.0). Results:Differences were found between the first cycle of chemotherapy for the RECIST best objective response and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic response (χ2=5.063, P=0.021), and the results had bad consistency (Kappa=0.240, P=0.085). No differences were observed between the second cycle of chemotherapy for the RECIST best objective response and 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic response (χ2=2.083, P=0.146);the results had good consistency (Kappa=0.413, P=0.006). The sensitivity, specificity, accura-cy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 82%, 61%, 70%, 61%, and 82%, respectively. The differences in SUV-max reduction between the metabolic remission group and metabolic no relief group with the two-sample t-test were statistically sig-nificant (P<0.001). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT may predict the best objective response to chemotherapy for NSCLC patients. Com-pared with conventional CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT can be an early and accurate way to evaluate the chemotherapy effect in NSCLC.

In the study, the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix degradation were observed in a type of human alveolar epithelial cell, A549 cells, stimulated by TGF-beta1. Firstly, MTT method was applied to evaluation of cellular proliferation and found that PNS from 12.5 mg x L(-1) to 200 mg x L(-1) dosage could not inhibit significantly cellular proliferation. Then, cells were divided into five groups, normal group, TGF-beta1 group, TGF-beta1 + 50 mg x L(-1) PNS group, TGF-beta1 + 100 mg x L(-1) PNS group and TGF-beta1 + 200 mg x L(-1) PNS group. Normal cells were not stimulatec by TGF-beta1; TGF-beta1 cells were only stimulated by TGF-beta1 and the other cells were stimulated by TGF-beta1 with different doses of PNS, respectively. After stimulation, cells and supernatants were collected for assays. Cellular roundness was applied to quantitative evaluation of morphological change. Immunocytochemistry was applied to examine E-cadherion, a-SMA and FN proteins expression in the cells. Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was applied to MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels. The results showed that EMT of A549 cells was induced by TGF-beta1, showing significant change of roundness, E-cadherion, alpha-SMA and FN (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared to TGF-beta1, PNS significantly inhibited the changes of roundness (P < 0.05), FN and alpha-SMA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and not significantly inhibited the change of E-cadherion. Furthermore, MMP-9 levels were significantly increased by TGFbeta1 stimulation (P < 0.05), without significant change of TIMP-1. Compared with TGF-beta1, PNS could significantly increase MMP-9 level (P < 0.05) and decrease TIMP-1 levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In conclusion, PNS could inhibit alveolar epithelial cell EMT induced by TGF-beta1, with increase of extracellular matrix degradation ability, which showed anti-fibrosis of lung ability.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To express human-mouse chimeric antibody against anthrax protective anti-gen and to analyze its biological activities. Methods A new mammalian bipromoter expression vector was constructed with dihydrofolate reduetase(DHFR) gene as the selection and complication marker. First, the light and heavy chain variable region gene of the monoclonal antibody 5E1 were cloned by RT-PCR, at the same time the human IgG1 heavy chain constant region gene and kappa type constant region gene were cloned. Next, the human-mouse chimeric antibody genes were synthesized by fusion PCR. Then, the hu-man-mouse chimeric antibody gene were inserted into MCS of pSecTag and B1 to construct pSecTag-5E1L and B1-5E1H, respectively. Finally, heavy chain expression cassette excised from the B1-5E1H with Bgl Ⅱ/BamH Ⅰ was further cloned into the Bgl Ⅱ site of the pSecTag-5E1L to construct pSecTag-5E1. Plasmid pSecTag-5E1 was transfected into CHO(dhfr) engineering cells and high production cell clones that were screened by enhancing MTX concentration. After collecting medium and purifying chimeric antibody with af-finity chromatogram, purified chimeric antibody was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot. Results A sta-ble and high production cell line was acquired at MTX concentration 5×10~(-8) mol/L. Conclusion The hu-man-mouse chimeric antibodies were successfully expressed in CHO cells.