ObjectivePolyamidoamine(PAMAM) dendrimers enhance the solubility of nicotinic acid. MethodsPAMAM dendrimers of generation 1 to 6 were prepared and the effect of pH and concentration of the dendrimers on the solubility enhancement of nicotinic acid was investigated. ResultsThe pH and concentration of the dendrimers influence the solubility enhancement of nicotinic acid. Conclusions Electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl group of the nicotinic acid and the amine groups of the dendrimers is involved.

Fibrosis ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Subdural Space ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, CXCR ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel criteria of reference change value of the serum creatinine optimized criteria for acute kidney injury in CKD (cROCK) to detect ACKD patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a 3-year follow-up. All included patients with CKD stage 3 were evaluated using cROCK, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and their combined criteria. The renal composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause mortality were recorded as clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 812 patients was enrolled. The cROCK criteria detected more ACKD events than did the KDIGO (68.0% vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001). Compared to KDIGO (−) & cROCK (−) group, ACKD patients diagnosed by cROCK had significantly higher hazard ratio [HR] for renal composite endpoints (HR, 3.591; p < 0.001), MACEs (HR, 1.748; p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.985; p < 0.001). The patients in KDIGO (+) & cROCK (+) group had the lowest survival probability when considering renal composite endpoints, MACEs, and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, cROCK resulted in the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting renal composite endpoints, and the combined criteria led to the largest AUC for predicting MACEs and allcause mortality. Conclusion: Compared to the KDIGO, the cROCK detected more ACKD events. Combining both cROCK and KDIGO criteria might improve the predictive ability for long-term outcomes in ACKD patients.

Objective To understand the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles,serotype distribution and virulence genes.Methods A total of 515 group B Streptococcus (GBS) including 108 virulence,112 non virulence,and 295 colonizing isolates were collected in four Shenzhen hospitals.Isolates were characterized by conventional and molecular serotyping.The virulence genes of scpB,lmb,hylB,cylE,bac,bca and rib of GBS isolates were detected by PCR.Antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillins,macrolides,lincosamides,quinolones and tetracyclines was tested using disk diffusion and the MICs for penicillin were determined by E test.Results Molecular serotyping for all eight serotypes (Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ ～ Ⅵ,Ⅸ) was in full accordance with conventional serotyping.Taking MS and CS together,serotype Ⅲ was the most common capsular type (56.5 ％),followed by Ⅰb (17.5 ％),Ⅰa (12.6 ％),V (7.4 ％),Ⅱ (2.7 ％),Ⅵ (1.4 ％),Ⅳ (1.0 ％) and Ⅸ (1.0 ％).Serotype Ⅲ was the main serotype in different groups,serotype Ⅰ a was significantly more common among patients with invasive infections (11.1％) and no invasive infections (29.5％),serotype Ⅰb isolates were significantly more common among clone (19.3％).Virulence gene screening using PCR method showed the presence of cylE,lmb,scpB and hylB in almost all the isolates,while rib,bca and bac genes were found in 29.1％,14.6％ and 9.7％ of the isolates.Certain genes were significantly associated with specific serotypes,for example,rib with serotypes Ⅲ,Ⅰa and Ⅰb,bca and bac with serotypes Ⅲ and Ⅰb.Drug susceptibility results showed that GBS susceptibility to β lactam antimicrobials was prevalent (100 ％).Resistance rates for erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline were 67.0 ％,61.9 ％ and 86.0 ％,respectively.Conclusion Serotype distribution,virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of GBS contributes to the clinical therapy,epidemiological studies and design of Vaccines.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the leaf of Isatis indigotica.

METHODChromatography and spectral analysis were respectively used to isolate and identify the constituents.

RESULTThree compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of theleaf of I. indigotica, and identified as indirubin, tryptanthrin and L-pyroglutamic acid.

CONCLUSIONL-pyroglutamic acid was isolated from the genus for the first time, and tryptanthrin was isolated from the leaf of this plant for the first time.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Indoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Quinazolines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

This article is report the study of the pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of exogenous phosphocreatine (PCr) in rats by means of an ion-pair HPLC-UV assay. PCr and its metabolite creatine (Cr) and related-ATP in rat plasma and red blood cell (RBC) were simultaneously determined. A blank plasma and RBC were initially run for baseline subtraction. Plasma and RBC samples were deproteinized with 6% PCA prior to HPLC. Following i.v. administration of PCr 500 mg x kg(-1) and 1 000 mg x kg(-1) the C-T curve could be described by the two-compartment model with t1/2beta 22.5-23.3 min, V(d) 0.956 4-0.978 6 L x kg(-1), CL 0.029 L. kg(-1) x min(-1). The Cr as PCr degraded product appeared as early as 2 min post i.v. dosing with t(max) 20 min, t1/2kappa (m) 40.6-42.7 min and f(m) 60%-76%. After po administration of PCr, the parent drug in plasma was undetectable, but the metabolite Cr was detected with t(max) 65-95 min, t1/2kappa (m) 56.0-57.7 min, metabolite-based bioavailability F(m) 55.02%-62.31%. PCr i.v. administration resulted in significant elevation of ATP level in RBC but not in plasma, the related-ATP in RBC was characterized by t(max) 68-83 min, t1/2kappa 49-52 min. In RBC no exogenous PCr was found but Cr was detected following i.v. administration of PCr, with the t(max) 120 min and t1/2k (m) 70 min for Cr. The above results indicate that PCr eliminates and bio-transforms in body very rapidly; K > K(m) confers ERL, instead of FRL, type upon the metabolic disposition of Cr. Following po administration of PCr, the degraded product Cr is absorbed but not the parent drug PCr. The formed Cr can be accounted for by most of i.v. and po PCr. Intravenous dosing leads apparently increased and sustained Cr and related-ATP concentration in RBC.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Biotransformation ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Creatine ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Phosphocreatine ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.

METHODMTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.

RESULTThe growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.

CONCLUSIONKLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coix ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; enzymology ; Injections ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEA new pattern recognition method suitable for traditional Chinese patent medicine was established in this paper, which is named as the Dual index grade sequence pattern recognition.

METHODIn this method the quality gradation was defined mathematically relying on normal distribution. By this way samples can be clustered and classified depending on which quality gradation is wanted, and the grading samples quantitatively relative to quality can be performed simultaneously. Especially, the redundant information with respect to pattern recognition hiding in dual index sequences of samples can be removed effectively by applying the good grade sequences, which make the pattern recognition results accurate excellently. This approach possesses the advantages of both supervised classification and unsupervised cluster methods. Samples can be clustered and classified at the same time without any standard samples, and the operation is accomplished based on the good grade similar sequences themselves being as the classifying marks. Moreover, the subclasses in each class can be identified more subtly.

RESULTThe infrared fingerprint spectra of extracts of 27 kinds of Mingmu Dihuangwan pills and Zhibo Dihuangwan pills samples extracted with ethanol were analyzed with the method proposed in this paper. The results showed that these pills can be classified in their subclasses clearly, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe Dual index grade sequence pattern recognition is a new and effective one for identifying complex biological products made from complex herbal medicines.

Cluster Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; classification ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared