The complex level of constructing biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica CMMBCS) was the study of traditional Chinese compound, on the premise of insisting that the multicomponent simultaneous determination, when carrying out the study of intestinal permeability, the primary task was to define the source of the components that was absorbed through the intestinal wall, namely, which medicinal material the components belonged to in traditional Chinese compound. The technology of chemical fingerprint and in vitro everted gut sac model were used in this research to make multicomponent an intuitive source attribution which permeated the intestine in the classic formula Gegen Qinlian decoction, and to lay the foundation for the further qualitative and quantitative research of intestinal permeability.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Male ; Permeability ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Fourteen compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract by silica gel, MCI, and ODS column chromatography. These compounds were respectively identified as quercetin (1), kaempferol (2), (+)-catechin (3), fraxin (4), protocatechuic acid (5), gallic acid (6), methyl gallate (7), ethyl gallate (8), apocynol A (9), baccatin (10), cerevisterol (11), ellagic acid (12), 3, 3',4'-tri-0-methylellagic acid(13) and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninyl-N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninate(14) by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures. Except for gallic acid (6), all other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 2 and 6 showed moderate anti-proliferation activities on tumor cells.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Euphorbiaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapy conditions in hospitalized patients with essential hypertension in Beijing.

METHODSPatients with essential hypertension hospitalized in 20 Beijing hospitals in recent 2 years were included in this epidemiologic retrospective survey. Data on age, blood pressure level, risk factors and complicated diseases, antihypertensive medication and heart structural and functional characteristics measured by echocardiography were collected.

RESULTSTotal 5106 hospitalized patients (mean age 63.78 years) with essential hypertension were recorded. Mean blood pressure was 145.97/84.23 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa). Among them, 75.5% complicated with at least one risk factor, 30% suffered from heart failure. The atria enlargement and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were the two most common echocardiographic pathological changes. Left ventricular hypertrophy is positively correlated with blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and plasma creatinine, old age and decreased HDL-cholesterol were risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy. Only 32.1% patients achieved the goal blood pressure level (<140/90 mm Hg) and 38.1% patients were treated with monotherapy. The most commonly used antihypertensive drugs were calcium channel blockers and diuretics.

CONCLUSIONSIt is of importance to strictly follow the therapy guidelines on hypertension treatment and use combined drug therapy to increase the rate of patients reaching goal blood pressure level and reduce hypertensive complications.

Aged ; Blood Pressure ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND:Lipoic acid, with a closed circle structure composed by sulphur and carbon atoms, exerts strong anti-oxidation, and has been extensively applied in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress, diabetic cataract, diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of lipoic acid on peripheral nerve function during peripheral nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS:Models of peripheral nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury were established in rabbits, and then rabbit models were then allotted to treatment and non-treatment groups. The treatment group was subdivided into experimental (injection of lippoic acid) and control groups according to the use of lipoic acid at 1, 3 and 6 hours after ischemia and before reperfusion. The ultrastructural changes of the sciatic nerve were observed under electron microscope, and the electrophysiological changes of the sciatic nerve were detected using evoked potential instrument. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the ischemic time increasing, the number of vacuoles in the axon increased gradually, accompanied by axonal atrophy, and Waller's degeneration in the aggregated microfilaments. The myelin sheath thickening and dissolving were visible. All above phenomena became severest at 6 hours after ischemia. Compared with the control groups, lipoic acid reduced the number of the vacuoles in the axon and all eviated axonal atrophy, Waller's degeneration and demyelination. As the ischemic time increasing, the latency of sciatic nerve was significantly increased, and peaked at 6 hours of ischemia;while the amplitude was significantly decreased, and reached a minimum at 6 hours of ischemia. Compared with the control groups, in the experimental groups, the latency of sciatic nerve was significantly decreased, but the amplitude was significantly increased. These results suggest that lipoic acid provides neuroprotection against peripheral nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury.

ObjectiveThe clinical features, bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance proifle of blood stream infection(BSI) were investigated in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis for better management of such infections.MethodsThe clinical data of BSI were collected in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis between January, 2012 and December, 2014, and reviewed retrospectively in terms of risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, pathogen distribution and prognosis.ResultsOf the 1 071 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and suspected bacterial infection, 154 (14.4%) were diagnosed as BSI evidenced by blood culture. Of these patients, the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was higher than 10×109/L in only 48 (31.2%) patients; neutrophil proportion>0.75 in 133 patients (86.4%); serum procalcitonin level>0.5 ng/mL in 74 patients (68.5%). A total of 155 bacterial strains were isolated, including 115 strains of gram-negative bacilli and 40 strains of gram-positive cocci. Most patients (68.8%) recovered and 31.2% died or discharged from hospital voluntarily. All these BSI patients had Child-Pugh grade C liver function. Some patients also had other serious systemic diseases or repeated hospitalization.ConclusionThe prevalence of BSI is high in the decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with poor prognosis. Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens of such septicemia. Early diagnosis and proper use of antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important to improve patient outcome.

Objective To establish embryonic stem cells (ESC) that can express green fluorescent protein (CFP) and differentiate them into neurons. It would provide tagging neurons for clinical transplantation to cure neural system diseases. Methods ESC (R1) was transfeeted with a plasmid containing the GFP by electroporation. A transgeuic cell line was obtained after selection with G418. The ESCs were characterized by AKP staining. Monolayer differentiation method was used to induce neural differentiation derived from GFP-ESC and immunofluorescence method was used to identify Tuj1 positive cells. Results There was no significant difference(X2=3.14,P0.05) in transfect rates between liposome and electroporation (65% vs 79%). The AKP staining of GFP-ESC was positive. GFP-ESC could be differentiated into neural cells. Conclusions These results show that ESC expressing GFP has been estabhshed, which can be differemiated into neurons.

Background Aliskiren is a novel blood pressure-lowering agent acting as an oral direct renin inhibitor.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aliskiren on arterial stiffness,compared with that of ramipril in mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients.Methods Following a two week placebo run-in period,patients with a mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (ms-DBP) ＞95 and ＜110 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and a mean sitting systolic blood pressure (ms-SBP) ＜180 mmHg were randomly allocated to treatment with aliskiren (150 mg/d,n=20) or ramipril (5 mg/d,n=20) for eight weeks.Blood pressure,plasma renin activity,and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) were measured before and after eight weeks of treatment.Results Eight weeks of treatment significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in both the aliskiren group and ramipril group.The hypotensive effect did not differ between the two groups.Plasma renin activity decreased after aliskiren treatment and increased after ramipril treatment.There was no significant difference in baseline ba-PWV between the aliskiren and ramipril groups (P=-0.892).The ba-PWV was significantly reduced in both the aliskiren group (1535 (1405-1666) vs.1464 (1360-1506) cm/s) (P ＜0.01) and the ramipril group (1544 (1433-1673) vs.1447 (1327-1549) cm/s) (P ＜0.01).No statistically significant difference was found in the decline of ba-PWV between the two groups (P=0.766).Conclusions The current study revealed that aliskiren (150 mg/d) could ameliorate arterial stiffness and its effect was similar to ramipril (5 mg/d) in mild to moderate hypertensive patients,indicating that in addition to lowering blood pressure,aliskiren had beneficial effect on vascular protection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of periodontal ligament (PDL) injury on initial stability for immediately loaded mini-implant anchorage.

METHODSThe sample consisted of 153 adult patients with maxillary protrusion deformity. Guiding by the positioning device designed by Choi, 306 mini-implants were inserted by self-tapping in the upper right and left buccal areas between the first molars and second premolars. The mini-implants were divided into two groups according to CT scanning. The mini-implant was absolutely separated from PDL (group I), the mini-implant appeared to touch or overlay on PDL, but not contact to the adjacent roots (group II). If orthodontic force could be applied to the mini-implants for four months, the mini-implant was recorded as successful anchorage. After immediate loading for four months, the analyses were completed by SPSS 9.0 software.

RESULTSOf the 306 inserted mini-implants, 162 were absolutely separated from PDL, 136 appeared to touch or overlay on PDL, but not contact to the adjacent roots, and 8 were excluded from this study because of injury to the adjacent root. The success rates of group I and II were 87.0% and 65.4% respectively. There were significant differences in the success rates between the two groups (P<0.001). The differences between the two groups in distribution of the upper right and left area had statistical significance (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPDL injury is one of the main reasons leading to early loosening of the mini-implant.

Adult ; Bicuspid ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth Root

BACKGROUND:Study shows that margarita liquid has effect on promoting histiocyte regeneration and removing scars.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of margarita liquid on the proliferation of fibroblasts in human skin scar tissues.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A grouping contrast observational experiment was performed in the Experiment Centre of Guangxi Medical University from September to December in 2008.MATERIALS:Scar tissue samples were obtained from patients in the Department of Plastic Surgery,Guangxi Medical University.Margarita liquid was the digest of margarita purchased from Beihai Gofar Marine Biological Industry Co.,Ltd and rich in multi-amino acids,polypeptides,vitamin,mineral matters and natural enzymes.METHODS:Human skin scar cell line was established by removing non-fibroblasts through repeated primary culture and serial subcultivation of scar fibroblasts with reference to Veelken method. The 3-5 generation human skin scar fibroblasts on exponential phase of growth were made into single cell suspension by trypsin digestion which was then inoculated on plastic 96-well cell culture plate,with the density of 0.5×10~4/well as well as 100 μL cell suspension and 100 μL DMEM medium in each well. After culture for 24 hours,primary medium was discarded. The grouping of the experiment:200 μL mediums with 125.00,62.50,31.30,15.60,7.80,3.90,1.95,0.98 mg/L margarita liquid were used respectively in margarita liquid group;200 μL pure medium was added into each well in control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT and TUNEL assay were used to examine the proliferation and the apoptosis of fibroblastsrespectively.RESULTS:The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC_(50)) of margarita liquid on fibroblasts was 15 mg/L. Margarita liquid at any other concentration but 0.98 mg/L was effective in inhibiting fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent way,i.e. the higher margarita liquidconcentration,the higher inhibition ratio on fibroblast growth. Fibroblasts cultured with 15 mg/L (IC_(50)50) margarita liquid had got reduced volume,lessened cytoplasm,decreased density,increased apoptosis rate and buffy colour. Fibroblasts in control group were large,rich in cytoplasm and compact. Apoptotic index was higher in the margarita liquid group than in the blank control group CONCLUSION:Margarita liquid could inhibit the proliferation of skin scar fibroblasts cultured in vitro and induce the apoptosis of them.

To obtain the expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 in methylotropic yeast. The expression vector pPIC9K-hsp70 was constructed, linearized and introduced into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The result protein was secreted into the supernatant induced by 0.5% methanol at 30 degrees C and purified by centrifugation, ultrafiltration and ATP-agarose. The recombinant Hsp70 was identified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot, mice experiment and effect on the immature DC. The SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the apparent molecular weight of expressed Hsp70 was about 70 kD and the expressed protein could specifically react with anti-Mt. Hsp70 IgG. And mice immunization indicated the expressed hsp70 had immunogenicity. Hsp70 could induce DC maturation and release Th1 cytokine. The secreted 70 kD protein was about 120 mg/L which accounted for more than 30% of the total supernatant protein and was purified to electrophoretic purity. The Hsp70, which had the biological activity, is successfully secretorily expressed in the Pichia pastoris GS115.
Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism