Objective:To improve the teaching quality of in-service clinical pharmacist training. Methods:According to the traits of in-service pharmacists and teaching methods, combined with problem-based learning ( PBL), peer-led team learning(PLTL) and lecture-based learning ( LBL) , a standard teaching mode for in-service clinical pharmacists was explored and established. Results:The teaching mode could not only improve the study enthusiasm of students, but also let them master the study methods, and team co-operation consciousness was strengthened. Conclusion:An integrated teaching mode of LBL, PBL and PLTL has a good teaching effect on clinical pharmacist training.

Objective To observe the expression of fibronectin in bone of fluorosis rats and in vitro cultured osteoblast,and to study the role of fibronectin in pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis.Methods Male and female Wistar rats 144 were randomly divided into four groups,which were designated as the control group(normal diets,n =36),fluoride group(normal diets + 100 mg/L fluoride,n =36),lower calcium monophagia group (synthetic diets,n =36) and lower calcium monOphagia with fluoride group(synthetic diets + 100 mg/L fluoride,n =36).Rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 months after beginning of the experiment,respectively,and femur tissue was fixated and paraffin-embedded.The osteoblast isolated from calvaria of neonatal rats was treated with different dose of fluoride(0,1,2,4 mg/L fluoride,respectively) for 48 and 72 h,cell culture supernatant and cells were collected,respectively.The cranial osteoblasts were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups according to different concentration of fluoride added,which were 0(control group),0.01,1.00,and 10.00 mg/L groups.These cells were treated with mineralized induced medium at day 2 and cultured for 3 more weeks whereafter,and then the slides were fixed in alcohol.The expression of fibronectin in rat femur tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC),and fibronectin mRNA expression was determined by in situ hybridization; the fibronectin levels in supernatant of cultured osteoblast was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of fibronectin mRNA in osteoblasts was detected with RT-PCR; skull mineralized nodule formation of osteoblasts was observed under a light microscopy after stained with 0.1％ red alizarin liquid.Results Little expression of fibronectin (brown granules under light microscope) could be seen in femur tissue of fluorosis rats of control group and lower calcium monophagia group; but abundantly expressed in fluoride group and lower calcium monophagia with fluoride group; the fibronectin was also expressed in osteoblasts,bone cells and bone marrow cells with less red particles in the control group and lower calcium monophagia group,but more in the fluoride group and lower calcium monophagia with fluoride group.The expression of fibronectin protein in supernatant of cultured osteoblasts was significantly increased in the group of 4 mg/L fluoride at 48 h(0.108 ± 0.042,t =0.764,P＜ 0.05) compared with control group(0.081 ± 0.010); the value was also significantly increased in 1,2,4 mg/L groups at 72 h(0.089 ± 0.010,0.087 ± 0.012,0.098 ± 0.023; t =0.765,0.704,0.996; all P ＜ 0.05) compared with control group (0.070 ± 0.014) ; the expression of fibronectin mRNA was much higher in 1,2,4 mg/L groups at 48 h (0.61 ±0.06,0.77 ± 0.07,0.77 ± 0.07) and 72 h(1.61 ± 0.14,2.54 ± 0.20,2.75 ± 0.22) compared with control group [0.48 ± 0.04(t =0.111,0.182,0.182,all P ＜ 0.05),0.97 ± 0.08(t =0.093,0.109,0.108,all P＜ 0.05) ].A lot of mineralized nodules could be seen under light microscope in 1.00 and 10.00 mg/L groups.Conclusions The expression of fibronectin in bone of fluorosis rats and in vitro cultured osteoblasts are increased,and fluoride also promotes the mineralization nodules formation of osteoblasts.These results suggest that fibronectin may regulate the process of bone mineralization,and possibly play a role in the development of skeletal fluorosis.

Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC fingerprint to evaluate the quality of Polygalae Radix, root xylem, and those collected in different growth ages or harvest time.

METHODSeparation was performed at 30 °C on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phases was acetonitrile and 0.05% H3PO4 water in the gradient elution; the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL · min(-1) and the detection wavelength at 314 nm; the quality discriminant analyses were accomplished by means of similarity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and neural network model.

RESULTIn 26 batches of Polygalae Radix, 24 batches fingerprint similarities were above 0.8. In 5 different growth or harvest time batches, 4 batches were above 0.8; in 8 batches root xylem samples, the similarities were all above 0.875. The similarity analysis was in accord with the quality discriminant analysis of cluster analysis, principal component analysis and neural network model.

CONCLUSIONFingerprint combined with chemical pattern recognition technique can effectively evaluate the quality of Polygalae Radix. The active substance species are all similar in cultivated, wild, different growth or harvest time Polygalae Radix and polygala root xylem, but the chromatography peak areas are different. The effective material contents are similar between wild and cultivated Polygalae Radix, but each chromatographic peak area of the root xylem is much smaller than that of Polygalae Radix. The chemical substance accumulation mainly depends on harvest month, but little growth time in Polygalae Radix.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; classification ; Polygala ; chemistry ; classification ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study clinical value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of neck-shoulder myofascial pain syndrome.

METHODSFrom December 2013 to July 2014,30 patients diagnosed as neck-shoulder myofascial pain syndrome were in the treatment group,including 17 males and 13 females, with an average age of (44 ± 3) years old. Thirty healthy people were in the control group, including 22 males and 8 females, with a mean age of (37 ± 5) years old. The patients in the treatment group were treated with manipulation, once every other day, total 7 times. The SWE was used to detect tension part of trapezius muscle of patients in the treatment group before and after treatment, as well as to detect muscle belly at the descending part of trapezius muscle in the control group. The tissue elasticity and Yang's modulus value were recorded and compared.

RESULTSThe tissue elasticity chart of patients in the treatment group before treatment was mainly greenish blue with the score of 3.70 ± 1.53, and the Yang's modulus was (43.4 ± 15.6) kPa. The tissue elasticity figure after treatment was mainly blue with the score of 2.40 ± 0.87, and the Yang's modulus was (29.0 ± 5.9) kPa. Whereas in the control group, the tissue elasticity figure was mainly blue with the score of 1.60 ± 0.72, and the Yang's modulus was (24.0 ± 7.6) kPa. These were statistical differences between the two groups (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSWE can be used as an evaluation method of manipulation treatment for neck-shoulder myofascial pain syndrome, which is an objective and sensitive detection method.

Adult ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Neck ; Shoulder

Objective To explore the apoptosis and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) from primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and effects of dexamethasone(Dex) on them.Methods Minimal change NS(MCNS), non-minimal change NS(NMCNS) and healthy children were involved in this study. PBLs were cultured in vitro with Dex or PHA+Dex or without PHA and Dex. Apoptosis of PBLs was measured by propidium iodide(PI) staining; The effects of Dex at different concentrons on PBLs′proliferation were investigated by 3H-TdR incorporation.Results The apoptotic rate of vacuity group in MCNS was lower compared with NMCNS and healthy controls(P

Objective To study the expression of membrane glucocorticoid receptors(mGR), the correlation between mGR and glucocorticoid(GC)'s effects on apoptosis and proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) in minimal change nephrotic syn-drome(MCNS)and the influence of GC on mGR. Methods MCNS, nonminimal change NS(NMCNS) and healthy children were involved in this study. Indirect immune fluorescence and flow cytometry were used to examine the percentages of positive mGR lymphocytes; the apoptosis of PBLs was measured by propidium iodide(PI) staining and the proliferation of PBLs was investigated by fa -TdR incorporation. Results 1.mGR expression in MCNS was higher than that in NMCNS and healthy control,but it was reduced after clinical GC therapy(P

Objective To explore the effects of early interventions on growth associated protein-43(GAP-43) and neuron apoptosis in brain of neonatal rats.Methods According to matched-pairs design,30 rats from the same materal rats were divided into two groups:intervention group and control group randomly.The intervention group received the neonatal handling for 14 d and then were kept in an enriched environment for another 14 d.The expression of GAP-43 and the number of neurons apoptosis were detected by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining respectively in forehead cortex and hippocampus of rats.The brain functional outcomes of rats were evaluated by water-maze test.Results In prefrontal cortex and hippocampus,the level of GAP-43 immuno-positive response in intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(P

Objective To analyze the CT features of renal cell carcinoma,so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of renal cell carcinoma.Methods Three hundred cases of renal cell carcinoma proved by pathology were examined by means of CT.There were 214 male and 86 female in this group.Their age ranged from 9 to 81 years,with a mean of 53.7 years.Their CT features were retrospectively reviewed. Results The masses were 1.5—16.0 cm(mean,4.8 cm)in greatest dimension,125 masses on left kidney and 175 masses on right kidney.According to WHO histological classification of tumours of the kidney in 2004,there were 238 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma,6 cases of multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinomas,23 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma,14 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and 19 cases of renal cell carcinoma,unclassified.The above subtype of renal cell carcinoma demonstrated characteristic features.Clear cell renal cell carcinoma exhibited inhomogenous(due to hemorrhage,necrosis or cystic degeneration)and hypervaseular.Multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma presented as a multilocular cystic mass lacking an,expansile nodule,and with regular thin cyst wall and septa.Papillary renal cell carcinoma exhibited inhomogenous and hypovascular.Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma was relatively homogenous and hypovascular.Renal cell carcinoma,unclassified showed inhomogenous and hypervascular,and was more invading growth compared to clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion Common subtype of renal cell carcinoma demonstrated characteristic features in CT and it is helpful for differentiation.