Mr. MA Ji-xing has devoted himself into the study of acupuncture medical history for more than 70 years. As a result, a great work of Zhenjiuxue Tongshi (see text), History of Acupuncture-Moxibustion) has been completed. The author has expensively studied for history of acupuncture medicine in time and space. Base on abundant historical materials, deliberate textual research as well as strategically situated academic view, it is considered as a masterpiece of acupuncture on real significance. It is worthwhile to note that the book has a systematic and profound explanation on Bian-stone therapy, unearthed literature relics of acupuncture, the bronze figure or illustration of acupoint as well as special topics of Japan and Korea acupuncture history. Filled several gaps of the field, and explored some significant new paths of study, it laid the groundwork for the profound study and unscramble of traditional acupuncture theory as well as the investigation of the academic history, which is considered to have a profound and persistent influence. The careful sorting and profound digging of many distinguish thoughts and methods of Mr. MA Ji-xing in the study of acupuncture medical history has significant meaning in references and enlightenment of the future research on acupuncture medical history.
Acupuncture ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

Objective:To explore the relationship between guilt and shame among middle school students.Methods:The present study investigated 1000 middle school students using Guilt and Shame Events Ques- tionnaire.In-depth interview was administered to 24 students simultaneously.Results:(1)The degree of guilt(6.0?1.2)was higher than the degree of shame(5.0?1.7)in guilt events and the degree of guilt(5.1?1.9)was lower than the degree of shame(5.7?1.4)in shame events(P

The crystal structural data of TACE, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were obtained from PDB database, and then their catalytic domains' properties including conformation, molecular surface hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential were analyzed and compared by using Insight II molecular modeling software. It was found that the conformation and molecular surface hydrophobicity of catalytic domains of TACE and MMPs were not obviously different, but the molecular surface electrostatic potential of catalytic domain of TACE and MMPs had obvious differences. The findings are helpful in the Rational Drug Design of TACE selective inhibitor.

Objective To explore and analyze the application and problems of esophageal cancer radical opera-tion by thoracoscopy combined with laparoscopy. Methods From July, 2011 to December, 2014, clinical data of 40 patients undergoing esophageal cancer radical operation by thoracoscopy combined with laparoscopy were analyzed retrospectively. Results Except 2 cases being relayed to assisted small thoracic incision because of 1 case with clear tumor invading to trachea and 1 case with obvious tumor invasion to thoracic aortic artery, the remaining 38 cases were successfully completed operation. There were 2 cases with postoperative anastomotic fistula in the neck, 2 cases of anastomotic stenosis and 1 case of hoarseness, there was no perioperative death. Follow-up was within 36 months, 2 patients died 10 months and 24 months after surgery respectively, due to tumor local recurrence. 1 patient with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis underwent local radiation therapy. The remaining was all survival with re-lapse-free. Conclusions Esophageal cancer radical operation by thoracoscopy combined with laparoscopy is a good method with safety and reliability, minimal invasion, fast recovering, and satisfied recent curative effect. It is worthy of applying clinically.

Objective To analyze the infection among nursing staff after occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and status of HIV-infected nursing staff,provide basis for prevention of HIV infection among nursing staff.Methods Nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure in a hospital between January 2004 and June 2015,nurses with positive anti-HIV and admitted to this hospital,consulted in outpatient department,as well as consulted outside this hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were and analyzed,HIV infection status among nurse's mate was also analyzed.Results 76 nurses who sustained HIV occupational exposure didn't infect with HIV after received standard treatment and follow-up.Among 13 nurses infected with HIV,3 might be with occupational exposure infection previously,5 were with blood transfusion-related infection in the 1990s,4 were with sexually transmitted infection(including 2 male nurses who had sex with man,MSM),1 case with infection of unknown transmission route;secondary transmission occurred in 2 cases;9 nurses are still alive.The infected nurses have received effective antiretroviral treatment and then work at the logistic or administrative department.Conclusion Nurses often suffer from occupational exposure to HIV,occupational exposure infection may occur in the absence of the implementation of standardized management,implementation of standardized management is essential to avoid the occupational exposure of HIV.Sexual transmission(including MSM)has become an important transmission route for HIV infection among nurses.

Objective To evaluate the role of Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in detection of the fragment of GEF1α/a gene which are both located at ct and a mating type loci in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex(Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). Methods The GEF1α/a gene was selected from 20 genes which both located at α and a mating type loci for RFLP analysis, according to the requirements of sequence similarities and primer design in PCR-RFLP analysis. Primer pair was designed from the conserved regions of GEF1α/a genes of distinct genotypes and mating types of reference strains to amplify a fragment of GEF1α/a gene from Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii strains tested. Sequence alignment,restriction maps analysis, endonucleases selection and electrophoresis stimulation were conducted by using DNAMAN and Vector NTI software. EeoT14 Ⅰ and Hap Ⅱ endonucleases were selected for RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragments amplified from 125 isolates of Cryptococcns neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Results An approximate 1 300 bp fragment was amplified from total 82 Cryptococcus neoformans and 43 Cryptoceccus gattii isolates. However, negative PCR results were found in the reference strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krnsei,Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus fumigatns and Aspergillus flavus. RFLP analysis successfully identified the species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of total 125 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii tested in this study. Condusion PCR-RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragment has the potential value in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococeus neoformans species complex simultaneously and rapidly, and may be a useful tool in molecular epidemiological analysis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Objectives To investigate the prevalance of quinolone resistance in Laribacter hongkongensis and to evaluate the influence of agar dilution and disc diffusion methods on susceptibility testing for the bacterium. Methods Susceptibility to quinolones of L.hongkongensis was tested by agar dilution and disc diffusion methods. The results for both methods were compared. Results L.hongkongensis isolates exhibited different susceptibility rate for quinolones (levofloxacin>ciprofloxacin>norfloxacin>nalidixic acid). All of the fish isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and more than 90%were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. However,by agar dilution, only 62.50%, 37.50%,48.21%, 19.64%of the frogs isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, respectively. For fish isolates, comparision of susceptibilities between agar dilution and disc diffusion showed a high (> 95%) percentage agreement for levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and the highest crepancies were observed with norfloxacin (100%) .But it showed a high discrepancy when comparing the two methods for frogs isolates. Conclusions The resistance rate of L. hongkongens to quinolones was high , especially for frog isolates. The results suggested the use of agar dilution on susceptibility testing for quinolones in L. hongkongensis.

Objective To understand the functional status and radiation protection requirements of helical tomotherapy (TOMO) unit when it is applied in clinic treatment so as to promote the construction of TOMO quality control system.Methods A helical tomotherapy unit with a type of tomotherapy Hi-Art was employed as the radiotherapy unit.A series of tests and analyses on dosimetric and radiation safety performance parameters of the TOMO unit were conducted with the use of a A1SL ionization chamber,a set of solid water equivalent phantoms and other test equipments.The performance parameters were compared with that of a conventional 6 MV accelerator with a type of ARTISTE.Results The deviations of static and dynamic output dose were-1.51％ and 1.18％,respectively.The values of PDD10/PDD1.5 and PDD20/PDD1.5 were 0.608 and 0.318 within the range of X-ray quality parameters calibration.Under the different field conditions of 40 cm × 5 cm,40 cm × 2.5 cm and 40 cm × 1 cm,the stability of transverse/longitudinal dose distribution curve was no more than 1.20％ and the offset distance of Jaw width was smaller than 0.5 mm.Radiation leakage ratio of the treatment rotating center from the muhileaf collimator (MLC) was 0.20％.No matter the average or the maximum value of the leakage radiation from couch plane was less than 0.02％.Conclusions The performances and testing requirements of TOMO unit are different from a conventional electron linear accelerator,the quality control index of TOMO unit should be set seperately and tested strictly in terms of the specific requirements of the unit by complying with the QC programme.The reliable quality control system should be established and effectively implemented to serve the radiotherapy quality and radiation safety effectively in the tomotherapy.