Objective To study the changes of central corneal thickness(CCT) and corneal endothelium morphology in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods The CCT and corneal endothelium morphology in 60 diabetic patients(60 eyes) and 60 healthy volunteers(60 eyes) as the age and gender matched control group were examined by pachymetry and non contact specular microscopy. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of systemic factors on CCT and the corneal endothelial cell density of diabetic patients. Results Compared with that in the control group, the endothelial cell density decreased, and the coefficient of variation of cell area increased significantly( P 0 05). Compared to patients with non proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) had a significant reduction in cell density( P

This study analyzed the current clinical terminology standardization, systematization research status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The previous version of the TCM clinical term system had some problems including imperfect classification structure, unclear relationship between concepts and so on, which made the TCM clinical terminology system(TCMCTS) difficult to support the clinical practice of TCM. The suggestions for system improvement were using ontology method to build TCMCTS concept model bases on the previous researches and data extracted from TCM clinical electronic medical record, and top-level-ontology accordance with ISO standards. The study also tried to summarize the ‘semantic network between classes’ through semantic relationships.

Objective To study transmission characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )clone and clinical features of infected patients in a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU),so as to guide the effective pre-vention and control of A.baumannii transmission.Methods 40 A.baumannii strains isolated from RICU patients were performed homology analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and cluster analysis,relationship of strains was determined,antimicrobial resistance and clinical data were analyzed.Results 40 A.baumannii strains were divided into 11 genotypes(A-K),the main epidemic strains were type A,B and E.The resistant rate to imipen-em was the lowest(70.00%),the next was levofloxacin (77.50%).The average age of 40 infected patients was 67 years old,the average length of hospital stay was 41 days,12 patients died because of invalid treatment.There was overlapping hospitalization among patients infected with type A and E strains;among patients infected with type B strain,there was no overlapping hospitalization among the last 6 and first 6 infected patients.Conclusion The main epidemic strains of A.baumannii were type A,B and E,antimicrobial resistant rate is high;the infected patients are with high average age and long length of hospital stay.It is important to reduce the transmission of A.baumannii through rational use of antimicrobial agents,strict aseptic operation,and intensified disinfection and sterilization of hospital environment and medical devices.

Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Troponin I ; blood

All elements and refinements had been built in ontology with protégé 4.1, which can be used to record over 20 classic Chinese medicine books in related author, publisher, storage site, edition, form and arrangement of lines in calligraphy, and etc. It also realized the graphical display based on ontology. It gave brief analysis on elements which had been used or without using. Studies showed that Web Ontology Language (OWL) can express all elements of TCM literatures clearly. This study indicated that element refinements should be considered to add in the amendment of ISO International Standards application for further improvement.

Objective To establish a new double-antibody sandwich ELISA to detect the antigen AP33(a 33 kDa adhesive protein) of Trichomonas vaginalis based on the quantum dots and magnetic beads.Methods After BALB/c mice were immunized by AP33,the multiclonal antibodies in the antiserum was conjugated with the quantum dots and magnetic beads by carbon diimine crosslinking method respectively.Then the antibodies combined with magnetic beads were coated to microwell of plate as capturing antibody,and the antibodies bound to quantum dots were regarded as the marked antibody which can be directly observed under fluorescence microscope and quatitated by spectrofluorometry.The specificity and sensitivity of our established system were investigated.Results AP33 was successfully detected at the concentration as low as 50 ng/ml by this with-filling method.No crossreaction was observed when this system was used to detect Trichomonas vaginalis and other common bacteria in the vagina.The accuracy was 88% and the specificity was 90%.Conclusion This new double-antibody sandwich ELISA to detect Trichomonas vaginalis is successfully prepared and of sound specificity and sensitivity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features, mechanism and cerebral functional correlation of hemianopic anosognosia.Methods16 patients with homonymous visual field defects due to ischemic infarcts were examined on visual field and MMSE. The neuropsychological tests were administered such as hemianopic awareness and visual neglect. The facts were analyzed with the location of ischemic infarct documented by MRI or CT. Results10 of 16 patients with hemianopia had anosognosia of their visual deficit. 8 of 13 right side lesion patients had hemianopic anosognosia. 2 of 3 left side lesion patients had hemianopia anosognosia. 3 of 6 awareness hemianopia patients had visual hemineglect. 7 of 10 hemianopic anosognosia patients had larger infarction of middle cerebral artery. 3 else had smaller infarction in the occipital lobe or in the connective area between the occipital and temporal lobes.ConclusionsThere is no specific cortical area for conscious visual perception. Visual awareness is processed by a distributed network including multiple cortices and subcortices. Both hemispheres are involved in visual processing and conscious awareness.

To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rats plasma and study its pharmamacokinetics after an intragastrical administration of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given single doses of H. rhamnoides extracts (quercetin 26.35 mg x kg(-1), kaempferid 4.040 mg x kg(-1), isorhamnetin 31.37 mg x kg(-1)), and then their orbital sinus blood samples were collected at different time points. The drug plasma concentration of the three flavonoids was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. After that, the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5. 0. 11 software. The methodological test showed that the linear concentration ranges of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin were 7.500-600.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5), 1.000-80.00 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5 ) and 10.00-800.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 0), respectively. The inner and inter-days precisions were both less than 14.0%. The plasma samples showed a good stability and consistency with the requirement of biological sample analysis after the samples were frozen once and placed at - 20 degrees C for 15 d and room temperature for 6 h and the treated analytes were placed at -20 degrees C for 24 h. For quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameter t(½β), AUC(0-∞), MRT(0.∞), C.(max) and T(max) were (113.3 ± 19.37) min, (12 542.14 ± 3 504.05) μg x h x L(-1), (119.6 ± 13.29) h, (164.6 ± 27.33) μg x L(-1) and (5.199 ± 0.840 3) h, respectively. For kaempferid, the pharmacokinetic parameters t(½β), AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (79.85 ± 17.15) min, (934.51 ± 94.59) μg x h x L(-1), (81.50 ± 13.75) h, (80.15 ± 14.24) μg x L(-1) and (3.827 ± 0.902 7) h, respectively. For isorhamnetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters t1,2,, AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (118.3 ± 20.73) min, (26 067.77 ± 4 124.60) μg x h x L(-1), (129.0 ± 16.30) h, (269.6 ± 29.32) μg x L(-1) and (6.513 ± 1.450) h, respectively. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be sensitive and accurate and could be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

This paper discusses the relationship between stimulating pulse width and the threshold of electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP). Firstly, the rheobase and chronaxy from strength-duration curve of nerve fiber was computed using the shepherd's experiment results. Secondly, based on the relationship between ECAP and the action potential of nerve fiber, a mathematical expression to describe the relationship between stimulating pulse width and ECAP threshold was proposed. Thirdly, the parameters were obtained and the feasibility was proved to the expression with the results of experiment using guinea pigs. Research result showed that with ECAP compared to the action potential of nerve fiber, their threshold function relationship with stimulating pulse width was similar, and rheobase from the former was an order smaller in the magnitude than the latter, but the chronaxy was close to each other. These findings may provide meaningful guidance to clinical ECAP measurement and studying speech processing strategies of cochlear implant.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electricity ; Evoked Potentials ; Guinea Pigs ; Neural Conduction

Objective To provide scientific basis for developing mental interventions for the wounded in major disasters by assessing the mental health status and the mental intervention effect among the Wenchuan earthquake survivors transferred to Chongqing.Methods A total of 389 transferred wounded survivors were examined by using questionnaires including general information questionnaire,Psychological Health Self-rating Questionnaire (PHSQ),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ).According to PHSQ,the wounded were divided into control group and stress group.Then,the stress group was given mental intervention and taken the second mental evaluation one month later.Results Acute stress disorder (ASD) rate (30.08％) was remarkably observed in these transferred wounded,who were subsequently administered a set of mental intervention.The wounded whose PHSQ mark ≥8 were defined as the stress group (Group A) and the others as the control group ( Group B).Compared with Group B,Group A had higher scores in depression ( P ＜ 0.01 ),anxiety ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and consternation ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and lower scores in PSSS (P ＜0.01 ).Group A inclined to negative coping styles mainly including shrink back (P ＜ 0.01 ) and fantasy (P ＜0.01 ),while Group B inclined to coping styles mainly including rationalization and help.The PSSS score in Group A was significant lower than that in Group B (P ＜ 0.01 ).The scores in PHSQ,SCL-90 (anxiety and consternation),CSQ and PSSS were significantly improved after the mental intervention in Group A.Conclusions The incidence of ASD is high in the transferred wounded survivors and is mainly related with mental stress,such as emotional symptoms,negative coping styles and low perception of social support.Early mental interventions will help improve the psychological status of the transferred wounded.