Objective To analysis the therapeutic effect of microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach on pituitary adenomas and to study the surgical skill and postoperative complications about microsurgery for pituitary adenomas.Methods The clinical manifestations,pathological type, removal percentage,postoperative complications and follow-up data of 241 cases with pituitary ademoma by microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach were analysed retrospectively.Results 171(7 1%)cases were achieved total tumor removal,28(11.6%)cases were achieved subtotal tumor removal,26(10.7%)cases were achieved most tumor removal and 16(6.6%)cases were achieved partial tumor removal.Most of patients achieved better results,however there were 38(15.8%)eases with diabetes insipidus,12(4.9%)cases with transient worse sight,4(1.6%)cases with cerebrospinal fluid leakage,2(0.8%)cases with oculomotor paralysis,and no death.The postoperative complications were cured and outcome was considered as good.The follow-up period was 1-36 months in 241 patients and the clinical symptoms were improved by different degrees.Conclusion Pituitary adenomas can be treated by microsurgery through single-nostril transsphenoidal approach due to the time of operation shorten,the postoperative complications.

Objective To discuss the reoperation method for recurrent pituitary apoplexy after the successful initial transnasal-sphenoidal surgery.Methods Twenty-one patients with pituitary apoplexy were found recurrence after previous tumor resection via transsphenoidal surgery in 9 months to 5 years.In the reoperation,transsphenoidal approach would be still used.The anterior wall of sphenoid sinus and the sellar floor were located accurately,and then the remnants of them were removed as large as possible to expand the range of bone window.Next,the intrasellar hematoma was cleared away gently,and the residual tumor was removed progressively and thoroughly to make sure the sellar diaphragm subsiding fully and finally removed the whole tumor.Results Most of recurrent tumors were found to be of soft texture with rich blood supply,and 17 cases were still apoplexy.In 18 cases of the 21 patients,total resection was achieved.However,for the other 3 cases with tumor aggressive growth,only massive resection was achieved,and underwent stereotactic radiosurgery postoperatively.Postoperative clinical symptoms were alleviated in 15 cases,whose hormones were also decreased.Temporary diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism appeared in 5 and 3 cases respectively,but all of these postoperative complications were relieved after symptomatic treatment.Two cases of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage were resolved by packing the cavity with muscle and fat flaps.All cases were followed up for 3 months- 5 years,residual tumor enlarged in only 1 case of massive resection,which umderwent transsphenoidal surgery for the third time,no other cases recurred.Conclusion Operation via the transsphenoidal approach of recurrent pituitary apoplexy after successful initial transsphenoidal surgery could achieve high total resection rate.While the accurate locating,full expansion of the saddle bone window,and repeatedly scraping the apoplexy tumor to get a full subsidence for the sellar diaphragm,are the key points to remove tumors totally as well as to improve the symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of Bcl-2 and Bax protein contents and their gene expression in Al-induced neurons apoptosis.

METHODSNeurons from 0 - 3 day rats were cultured and treated with different concentrations of AlCl(3 x 6) H2O. The cell apoptosis was observed by the TUNEL method and under the scan electron microscope. Bcl-2 and Bax protein contents were detected by the immunochemistry method while their gene expressions were measured by the RT-PCR method.

RESULTS(1) DNA fractions in the TUNEL method increased with the rising aluminum concentration. Blebbings and apoptosis bodies on the surface of the neurons were clearly observed under the scan electron microscope. (2) Bcl-2 protein contents and their gene expression decreased with the rising aluminum concentration (P < 0.01, r = -0.695; P < 0.05, r = -0.647), while Bax increased at the same time (P < 0.01, r = 0.676; P < 0.01, r = 0.794), the value of Bcl-2/Bax was related with the aluminum concentration (P < 0.01, r = -0.655; P < 0.01, r = -0.777).

CONCLUSIONThe aluminum may induce neurons apoptosis. Bcl-2 and Bax protein contents and their gene expression may play an important role in Al-induced apoptosis.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the transport of glutamine and glucose, expression of their transporters and tissue morphology in intestinal hypoperfusion.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive 60 min of intestinal hypoperfusion (superior mesenteric artery clamp) or serve as normoxic controls (celiotomy only). At the same time, jejunal loops were randomized to receive in situ perfusion of mannitol,glucose,or glutamine.Intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared by calcium precipitation. Sodium-dependent uptake of glucose and glutamine into BBMV were quantitated by rapid mixing and filtration. Histologic examination and immunohistochemistry were performed by pathologists blinded to the groups.

RESULTSWhen compared with the control group, tissue lactate concentration of the hypoperfused group increased significantly (4.9+/-0.3 vs 3.1+/-0.2), especially in the glucose perfused groups (P<0.01). Transport and transporters of glucose in brush border, but not glutamine, decreased during hypoperfusion [(76+/-10) pmol d mg(-1) d 10 s(-1) vs (290+/-13)pmol d mg(-1) d 10 s(-1)]. Tissue structural damage was most severe in glucose perfused groups during hypoperfusion.

CONCLUSIONTransport and expression of transporters of glucose and glutamine in enteral nutrition are differently regulated under conditions of trauma and stress.

Animals ; Enteral Nutrition ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glutamine ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ischemia ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the application of neurophysiological monitoring and microsurgi-eal technique in acoustic neurinoma resection, exploring the significance of neurophysiological monitoring in facial and auditory nerve reservation of acoustic neuronma microsurgery. Methods Accompanied with EMG and BAEP nerve monitoring, 113 patients harboring acoustic neuroma were treated surgically by the subocipi-tal retrosigmoid approach for reserving facial and auditory nerve. The facial nerve was stimulated to evaluate its function during late-operation. Postoperative facial and auditory nerve function were valuated in all the postop-erative following up. Results All of them were treated microsurgically via the suboccipitai retrosigmoid ap-proach. Total tumors resection was achieved in 102 cases (90.3%), subtotal resection in 6 cases(5.3%) and partial resection in 5 case (4.4%). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in 98 cases (86.7%), the functional valuation of facial nerve according to the House-Brakman (H-B) postoperatively: 86 cases (76.1%) in class Ⅰ -Ⅱ , 12 cases(lO.6%) in class Ⅲ-Ⅳ and 15 cases (13.3%) in class Ⅴ-Ⅵ. The acoustic nerve was preserved anatomically in 40 cases (35.4%). It denoted the good function of facial nerve responsing sensi-tively to electrostimulation ≤ 4mA at the end of operation. Conclusion Assisted with the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring techniques, it would be greatly facilitate the preservation of facial and auditory nerve in acoustic neuroma resection. Simultaneously, it would valuate the functional convalescence by late-op-erative electrostimulation in the postoperation.

Objective Discussing the role of Yunnan baiyao in the newborn umbilical cord.Methods 120 cases newborns were selected and randomly divided into the control group of 60cases and the observation group of 60 cases according to birth order.The two kinds of newborns were both used single valve care,and were disinfected with 75%alcohol twice a day,Newborns of the observation group were dipped in Yunnan baiyao cream which was taken 75%alcohol to apply the root of umbilical and around after each nursing time.Observed the umbilical cord healing of two groups of newborns and take notes.Results In the observation group newborns,umbilical cord on the drying time [(3.1 ±1.1)d]and off time[(6.6 ±1.8)d]were better than the control group[(3.1 ±1.1)d,(8.0 ±3.2)d](t =7.8,2.95,all P <0.05);6 cases occurred redness and swelling around the belly button,2 cases occurred hemor-rhage,17 cases occurred secretions.which were better than that in control group(18 cases,6 cases,35 cases).The statistical analysis showed significant difference in the data of the two groups.Conclusion Yunnan baiyao can promote healing of umbilical cord,it should be popularize in clinical use.

Carnosol has been proved to have anti-breast cancer effect in previous research. But its ER subtype's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation and its estrogen receptor α and β's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms with ER positive breast cancer T47D cell. With estrogen receptor α and β antagonists MPP and PHTPP as tools, the MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to observe the effect of carnosol on T47D cell proliferation. The changes in the T47D cell proliferation cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of carnosol on ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells was measured by Western blot. The findings showed that 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly inhibit the T47D cell proliferation, which could be enhanced by MPP or weakened by PHTPP. Meanwhile, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) or 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly increase ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells, and remarkably increase ERα/ERβ ratio. The results showed that carnosol showed the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ER positive breast cancer cells through target cell ER, especially ERβ pathway. In the meantime, carnosol could regulate expressions and proportions of target cell ER subtype ERα and ERβ.
Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of phycocyanin at different concentration on proliferation of K562 cells, to detect the changes of integrin beta1 expression and intracellular focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene expression on the surface K562 cells treated with phycocyanin, and to explore the possible mechanism of integrin beta1 effect on phycocyanin inhibiting proliferation of K562 cells. The expression level of integrin beta1 on the surface of K562 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM); the growth of K562 cells treated with phycocyanin was measured by MTT assay; the expression level of FAK mRNA was analyzed by relatively quantitative RT-PCR after four-day culture of K562 cells with phycocyanin of 40 microg/ml, 80 microg/ml and 160 microg/ml, respectively. The results showed that integrin beta1 expression on the surface of K562 cells was significantly higher than that in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) from normal subjects. Phycocyanin could not change the level of integrin beta1 expression. Phycocyanin could increase the expression of FAK gene on K562 cells and inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells. It is concluded that phycocyanin can inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells through enhancing the conjunction of cell stroma with integrin beta1 on K562 cell surface, up-regulating the expression level of FAK gene in K562 cells, restoring the signaling pathway of proliferation inhibition mediated by integrin beta1. The possible mechanism of phycocyanin in the proliferation inhibition of K562 cells is to increase the expression of FAK gene. The phycocyanin may be considered as a potential agent for inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Integrin beta1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; Phycocyanin ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective:To study correlation between related carotid ultrasound parameters and severity of coronary atherosclerosis(AS).Methods:According to number of diseased coronary arteries,a total of 116 patients with cor-onary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital were divided into single vessel coronary dis-ease group(n=38,single group),double vessel coronary disease group(n=39,double group)and ≥3 vessel coro-nary disease group(n=39,multiple group).Another 41 healthy subjects were simultaneously regarded as healthy control group.General clinical data and carotid ultrasound parameters were compared among all groups,and corre-lation among them and AS severity was analyzed.Results:Compared with healthy control group,there were signifi-cant rise in levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and Crouse score in single,double and multiple groups,and significant re-ductions in plaque echo gray-scale median(GSM)in double and multiple groups.Compared with single group,there were significant rise in levels of TG and LDL-C,Gensini score and Crouse score in double and multiple groups and TC level in multiple group,and significant reduction in plaque echo GSM in multiple group.Compared with double group,there were significant rise in TC level,Gensini score and Crouse score,and significant reduction in plaque echo GSM in multiple group(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Pearson correlation analysis indicated that Gensini score was significant positively correlated with Crouse score in these patients(r=0.580,P=0.001).Spearman correla-tion analysis indicated that IMT was significant positively correlated with number of diseased coronary arteries(r=0.582,P=0.001),and plaque echo GSM was significant inversely correlated with it(r=-0.518,P=0.001)in these patients.Conclusion:Related carotid ultrasound parameters are significantly correlated with severity of coro-nary atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of lipid peroxidation injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Al-induced apoptosis.

METHODSNeurons from 0-3 day rats were cultured and treated with different concentrations of AlCl3.6H2O. Morphologic changes of neurons and endoplasmic reticulum were observed under fluorescent and transmission electron microscope; activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ATP enzymes were detected.

RESULTSTypical morphologic changes in neurons apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum were found under fluorescent and transmission electron microscope; SOD enzyme viability and ATP enzyme viability were significantly increased in the low-dosage group, but reduced in mid and high-dosage group (P < 0.01), whereas MDA levels decreased in the low-dosage group, but increased in mid and high-dosage group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAluminum may induce neurons apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation injury in endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the apoptosis progression.

Aluminum ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; physiology ; Lipid Peroxidation ; physiology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley