Objective To investigate the effects of treatment of syphilis in pregnancy on perinatal prognosis. Methods Patients of syphilis in pregnancy from Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital and Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Center during 1995.1 to 2001.1 were collected for retrospective analysis. Pregnant women with syphilis were divided into treated group and untreated group according to whether they received penicillin anti syphilis treatment or not during pregnancy. Results The total number of deliveries in the 2 hospitals during that period was 18 701, and 61 out of 9 805 women screened for syphilis were positive, giving an incidence of 6 2/1000. The perinatal mortality rates were 11 2% in treated group and 83 3% in untreated group, and incidences of congenital syphilis were 17 6% and 72 7% respectively. Conclusion Syphilis in pregnancy is a serious complication to harm the fetus. Screening of syphilis during pregnancy is necessary, and penicillin treatment is effective which may reduce the perinatal mortality rate and the birth of congenital syphilis baby.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on rats' hippocampal neuronal damage induced by glutamate (Glu) in the culture.MethodsHippocampus was isolated from newborn SD rats and dispersedly cultured in the medium for 9 days. Neurons were incubated with TSG (5—100μmol/L) for 24h, the cells were washed twice with Lock's solution without Mg2+,then Glu 500 μmol/L was added. Thirty min later, the reaction was terminated by washing the monolayer cells twice with the Lock's solution and then cultures were kept at 37℃ for 24h. Cell viability was measured by MTT method and cell membrane damage was determined by LDH leakage; with Fluo-3/AM as an intracellular calcium indicator and added into the bathing medium, fluorescent intensity of intracellular free calcium were observed through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).ResultsAfter the treatment with 5—100μmol/L TSG for 24h, the decrease of cell viability and the increase of LDH leakage caused by Glu was obviously resisted dose dependently. TSG inhibited increase of Ca2+ in cytoplasm, compared with model group.ConclusionTSG can significantly promote the cell viability and reduce the cell membrane damage in Glu treating hippocampal neurons. The neuroprotective activities of TGS is mediated by inhibiting Ca2+ overload in cytoplasm.

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Acetamides ; metabolism ; toxicity

Objective To analyze the molecular characterization of PrM/C and E genome of Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) strain,CQ11-66,a newly strain isolated from patients with epidemic encephalitis B Chongqing Municipal.Methods The samples were collected from Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,and inoculating BHK-21 cells were used to detect and isolate the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) strain,computer analysis of the phylogenetic,nucleic acid data and deduced amino acid sequence was accomplished using the Clustal X(1.8) and MEGA5 programs.Results Only one JEV strain was isolated from patient's cerebrospinal fluid specimen,named CQ11-66.Comparison of the PrM/C genome sequence of strain CQ11-66 with other 31 JEV isolates showed a 74.8％-97.4％ nucleotide sequence homology among them,which resulted in 85.6％-98.7％ amino acid sequence homology; Meanwhile,comparison of the E genome sequence of strain CQ11-66 with other 35 JEV isolates showed a 81.6％-99.6％ nucleotide sequence homology among them,which resulted in 94.8％-99.6％ amino acid sequence homology.There were high homology between CQ11-66 and JEV isolates from Fujian province on nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence.Phylogenetic analysis of PrM/C and E genome showed that the CQ11-66 belonged to genotype Ⅲ.Conclusion Only one JEV strain was isolated from patient's cerebrospinal fluid specimen.There were some differences between CQ11-66 strain and other JEV isolates,and CQ11-66 strain belonged to genotype Ⅲ.

BACKGROUND: Adipocytes are derived from preadipocytes, which are induced by mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. This study explored the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes and provided a new thinking for preventing and treating obesity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isolation and culture of BMSCs from rabbits in vitro, and the method of differentiating into adipocytes.DESIGN: An observational controlled in vitro experiment.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, and Yunnan Pharmacological Laboratories of Natural Products.MATERIALS: Totally 12 healthy Japanese rabbits aged 6-8 weeks of 200 to 300g of either sex were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Kunming Medical College. Dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin (Sigma, USA) and indomethacin (ALEXIS, USA) were used in this study.METHODS: Experiments were performed at the Yunnan Pharmacological Laboratories of Natural Products between July 2004 and January 2005. BMSCs were harvested from the femurs, tibias and humerus bones of the rabbits, and then purified and proliferated. After primary culture, the subcultured cells were cultured in media including 1μmol/L dexamethasone, 0.5mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 10mg/L insulin and 0.2mmol/L indomethacin. The disposal was accorded with the animal ethical standards.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Growth curve of the third passage of cells was evaluated by modified MTT method. Salmon pink lipid drop appeared after Oil Red O staining under a light microscope.RESULTS: After 72 hours of adipocyte induction, lipid droplet appeared in BMSCs. With the prolongation of induction time, lipid vacuoles were found and cells changed from fusiform to round or polygon. At week 3, approximately 80% BMSCs were induced into adipocytes as detected by Oil Red O.CONCLUSION: Rabbit BMSCs isolated and cultured in vitro can be induced into adipocytes in the media containing 1μmol/L dexamethasone, 0.5mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 10mg/L insulin and 0.2mmol/L indomethacin.

Objective To explore the expressions of autophagy-related gene Beclin-1 and LC3 in adriamycin induced eardiomyopathy rats,to prnve that autophagy might take part in the development of adriamycin induced eardiomyopathy in rats,so as to provide experimental and theoretical evidence for preventing and treating adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,control groups,ADR group and ADR+3-MA group.The model of adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy rats was established.The tissue sample taken from the left ventricle wall was checked for the morphons of autophagosome by electron microscope. The expressions of Beelin-1 and LC3 of myocardium were detected.Results The morphons of autophagosome in ADR group was significantly increased compared with that in control and ADR +3-MA groups. The expression of Beclin-1 in myocardium of ADR group was significantly inereased compared with that in control and ADR +3-MA groups (P < 0.05).The level of LC3 in myocardium of ADR group was significantly increased compared with that in control and ADR+3-MA groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions Autophagy plays an important role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy.

Objective To study Barrett's esophageal consistency with its histological findings,which were found with magnifying chromoendo6copy,and to advance the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus. Methods The patients with BE were diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, and their histological findings and endoscopic appearances of a total of 67 patients with BE were observed. Results Endoscopic appearances type of BE showed island (28 cases) ,tongue(7 cases) ,and circum ference(32 cases). Three types of BE under magnifying chromoendoscopy,and in magnifying endoscope group,type Ⅲ which were found with magnifying endoscope were verified intestinalisation epithelium pat ho-type, compared with type I and type Ⅱ,the discrepancy of them had statistical significance(P＜0.01). Conclusion Magnifying chromoendoscopy had a relatively better consistency in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus with histological findings.

Background Medical refraction after cycloplegia is the preferable choice for precise measurement of degree of refractive error.Drugs used in China for cycloplegia include atropine and tropicamide,and the use of cyclopentolate is an alternative for ophthalmologist.However,the data for the evaluation and comparison of efficacy of the available drugs in cycloplegia is still lacking.Objective This system analysis was to evaluate the difference between atropine and cyclopentolate in cycloplegia in children.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in MEDLINE,EMbase,Google residual accommodation after cycloplegia by atropine and cyclopentolate were compared.Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1.0 software.Results A total of 7 studies were included in this meta analysis,including 6 cohort study design and 1 randomized,doubleblinded clinical trial and 1232 eyes.For retinoscopic evaluation after cycloplegia,no significant differences were found between cyclopentolate and atropine in children with hyperopia and myopia (WMD =-0.21,95％ CI:-0.47-0.06,P=0.13 ; WMD =-0.10,95％ CI:-0.36-0.15,P =0.43).For residual accommodation after cycloplegia,no significant difference was seen between cyclopentolate and atropine in ammetropic children (WMD =0.30,95％ CI:-0.10-0.71,P =0.15).Conclusions Cyclopentolate shows the same effect on the cycloplegia as atropine in children,and it can take the place of atropine in cycloplegia in childhood.