Objective To investigate the variation of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)in plasma,the mRNA and protein expression of c-Fos and gap junction gene connexin-43(Cx43)in the myometrium of term pregnancy women,and to study the correlations among CRH,Cx43 and c-Fos at onset of labor.Methods 30 cases in labor(L group),30 cases not in labor(NL group)but in term pregnancy, and 30 cases of non-pregnant(NP group)women undergoing hysterectomy due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were recruited into this clinical study.Radioimmunoassay was employed to measure the concentration of CRH in plasma;in situ hybridization assay and streptravidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) immunohistoehemical techniques were respectively used to detect the expression levels of c-Fos mRNA,Cx43 mRNA and the corresponding proteins.Results(1)The concentration of CRH in L group(81.8?11.9) pmol/L was significantly higher than that in NL group(34.5?18.6)pmol/L(P

The paper is to report the study of pharmacokinetics of transdermal administered nicotine in the brain of freely moving rat by using microdialysis with stable labeled isotope as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic behavior of nicotine in Sprague Dawley rat brain was investigated after intranasal administration (3.75 mg). Brain fluid samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis with DL-nicotine as internal standard. Concentrations of nicotine and DL-nicotine in the sample were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. The recovery of nicotine and the delivery of DL-nicotine were the same. The fate of absorption and distribution was two compartment model and the values of t1/2alpha was 170.31 min, t1/2beta was 263.30 min and the AUC(0-infinity) was 2.75 x 10(5) microg x L(-1) min separately. DL-nicotine can be used to calibrate the recovery of nicotine, and the new method of stable isotope microdialysis can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of freely moving rat. It will make sense for the treatment of addiction of tobacco and provide a new thought for the research of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic combination.

Objective To determine the effectivity of 5-azacytidine(5-Aza) inducing the cardiomyogenic SCs were isolated and purified from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Some BMSCs were induced with 5-Aza,group Ⅰ was not induced with 5-Aza and the third generation of cells were used for the next experiment; group Ⅱ were cultured and induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) at the third day of the culture for 24 h; group Ⅲ were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24 h when the third generation of cell were fused; group Ⅳ were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24h at the third day of primary cuhure,which were induced with 5-Aza( 10 μmol/L) for 24 h before the third gener-phosis was found in the BMSCs among groups. CD34 was negatively expressed and CD29 and CD44 were positively gle 5-Aza inducing group(group Ⅲ ) was much higher than that in no 5-Aza inducing group( group Ⅰ ) [ MHC : (6. 82±2.05 ) % vs (3.61±1.14) % ], cTnI: (5.63±1.86) % vs (2.76±0.82) %, P < 0.05 ], but was significantly lower than the percentage in the double 5-Aza inducing group ( group Ⅳ ) [ MHC : ( 12.18±3.16) % vs ( 6.82±2. 05)% ] ,cTni:(9.93±2.79)% vs(5.63±1.86)% ,P<0.05]. Conclusions 5-Aza could promote the cardio-myogenic differentiation of BMSCs in a "Cardiac-like" Milieu. 5-Aza double induing is better than the single indu-cing.

BACKGROUND:Activating transcription factor 4 is found as an activating factor that can regulate osteogenic differentiation and function, and plays a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and significance of activating transcription factor 4 in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, and ossification revulsant was added to induce passage 3 cells. cells with no osteogenic induction served as controls. RT-PCR and western blot assay were employed to dynamical y monitor expression of activating transcription factor 4.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:RT-PCR results showed that activating transcription factor 4 mRNA expression increased with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, and peaked at day 16. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of activating transcription factor 4 tended to increase with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, peaked at day 16 and stil maintained at a higher level at day 19. Compared with the uninduced cells, activating transcription factor 4 in the induced cells exhibited a higher expression at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). These findings indicate that activating transcription factor 4 expression is elevated during osteogenic differentiation, showing a positive correlation with osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To understand the direct economic burden of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)due to multidrug-resistant organisms(MDROs).Methods Computer retrieval of CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed,Sci-enceDirect,and Cochrane databases on literatures about economic burden of MDRO HAI at home and abroad were performed,the retrieval time was from database establishment to December 2015,systematic evaluation of the liter-atures was obtained.Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,as well as through Newcastle-Otta-wa Scale (NOS)for evaluating the literatures,19 literatures were included.In 12 studies about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection,the direct economic cost varied from $916.61 to $62908.00;in 4 studies about MDRO Acinetobacterbaumannii infection,the direct economic cost varied from$4644.00 to $98575.00.Direct economic cost due to extended-spectrumβ-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae was $2824.14-$30093.00. Conclusion MDRO HAI will increase economic cost of both hospitals and patients,prevention and control measures should be taken .

Objective To investigate the current situation and variation in the tendency of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shanxi province, to assess the effectiveness of prevention measures, and to provide evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, according to "The National Technical Scheme for Kaschin-Beck Disease Control in 2007", children aged 7 - 12 years underwent clinical and X-ray examination in two historical severe KBD areas of Shanxi province, the observed position on Xray film was finger bone and carpal bone. Adults aged 16 years and above were clinically examined in 50 villages of 13 counties of KBD areas, Shanxi province. The diagnosis was based on "Diagnostic Standard of Kashin-Beck Disease"(GB 16003-1995), the adult patients were degreed according to the state of illness and divided into different groups according to their ages. Results A total of 181 children were examined, none of them was diagnosed as clinical KBD patient. The positive cases of X-ray were 2, X-ray detectable rate of metaphysis was 1.1% for children.In the 50 villages 13 871 of adults were examined and 801 KBD patients were found and the detectable rate was 5.77%. The detectable rate increased with age. The adult patients distributed mainly in the subpopulation aged 51years and above and these patients accounted for 70.66% (566/801) of total people examined. Degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients at these ages accounted for 71.78%(206/287) of total degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients. Conclusions The state of child KBD in Shanxi is under the national control standards. The detectable rate of adult KBD is higher. Relevant departments should pay close attention to the treatment of adult patients.

By retrieving the clinical research literature of treatment functional dyspepsia by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from January 2004 to December 2014 based on China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), we would establish a TCM decoction database for treating functional dyspepsia in this study. One hundred and sixty-four literature were included, involving 159 prescriptions, 377 medicines, in a total of 1 990 herbs. These herbs can be divided into 18 categories according to the effectiveness; and qi-regulating herbs, blood circulation herbs, and antipyretic herbs ranked top three ones according to the frequency of usage of the herbs, whose medicine usage frequency accounted for 51.81%. Usage frequency of 16 herbs was over 30, and Atractylodes, Radix, Poriaranked top three according to the usage frequency. Medicinal properties were divided into 9 kinds according to the frequency statistics, and the top three were warm, flat, and cold. Taste frequency statistics were classifiedinto 9 kinds, and the top three were acrid, sweet, and bitter. In frequency statistics of the meridian tropism of herbs, it was classifiedinto 11 kinds, and the top three were spleen, stomach, lung. The analysis can provide a reference for treatment and study of TCM of functional dyspepsia.
China ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Internet ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVEIn vitro enzymatic degradation of carboxymethy konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) were studied to evaluate the feasibility of CMKGM used as carrier materials to prepare colon-specific drug delivery systems.

METHODThe solutions with rat gastrointestinal tract (GIT) contents or with commercial enzymes were chosen to stimulate in vivo GIT environment, respectively. Enzymatic degradation of CMKGM were studied by viscometic procedure. Degradation kinetics of CMKGM and konjac glucomannan (KGM) by enzymes, the effects of the degree of substitution (DS) of CMKGM and the pH of solution on its susceptibility to degradation were investigated.

RESULTCMKGM were degraded mainly in the simulated cecal and colonic media, but not in the simulated gastric and enteric media. Degradation of KGM and CMKGM by enzymes obeyed Michaelis-Menton kinetics. CMKGM with lower DS were more susceptible substrates. CMKGM were more susceptible substrates in solution with pH 6. 0-6. 8.

CONCLUSIONCMKGM had colon-specific enzymatic degradation characteristics and could be used as carrier materials to prepare colon-specific drug delivery systems.

Amorphophallus ; chemistry ; Animals ; Cecum ; enzymology ; Colon ; enzymology ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Mannans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; beta-Mannosidase ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the mediating effect of the positive and the negative strategy of cognitive emotion regulation on the relationship between life events and suicide ideation among college students,as well as the moderating effect of social support on the mediation model.Methods Participants were 2 471 college students in Hunan province,and they completed the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List,the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Social Support Scale for university students and the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for university students .Results Negative strategy of cognitive emo-tion regulation played a mediating role between life events and suicide ideation among college students (β=0.17, t=8.43, P<0.01).Mediating effect quoted 0.28×(0.18-0.05U).Social Support (U) played a moder-ating role on the second path of mediation (β=-0.05, t=-2.47, P<0.05) .When U changed one unit,medi-ating effect changed 0.05 unit.Conclusion Life events influence suicide ideation through negative strategy, and with social support increasing,the effect of negative strategy on suicidal ideation weakened.

The control handles( including financing, provider payment, organization, regulation and behavior) proposed by World Bank in health policy research as the basic framework,and the nature and positioning of family doctors′ contract-based service as the precondition, we recommended the system framework of such a mechanism, comprising one contract, three regulations, five control handles and seven supporting policies. Such a framework can serve as the cornerstone for family doctors′ contract-based service experiment in Zhejiang province for the sake of hierarchical medical system.