AIM: To determine the role of LOX-1/PPAR pathway in regulating expression of adhesion molecules elicited by oxidizing low density lipoprotein(Ox-LDL) through Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs).METHODS: HUVECs were incubated with Ox-LDL,poly(I),carrageenan or 15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglanding J2(15d-PGJ2).PPAR mRNA and protein were examined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting.ICAM-1 and E-selectin were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.RESULTS: Ox-LDL increased PPAR expression in HUVECs,which was inhibited by pretreatment of HUVECs with LOX-1 blockers.Preincubation of HUVECs with 15d-PGJ2 attenuated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and E-selectin in response to Ox-LDL.Upregulation of ICAM-1 and E-selectin mediated by Ox-LDL were suppressed more significantly by the combination of 15d-PGJ2 and polyinosonic acid as compared to either 15d-PGJ2 or polyinosonic acid alone.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Ox-LDL exerts a biphasic effects on inflammatory response.It evokes harmful effects by inflammatory injury on one side and protective effects by triggering the LOX-1/ PPAR signaling pathway on the other hand.

AIM: To investigate the effects of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) on the expression of MCP-1 in the cultured human unbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: Cultured HUVECs was incubated with ox-LDL, or preincubated with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid. LOX-1 and MCP-1 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Incubation of HUVECs with ox-LDL (from 0-100 mg/L) for 24 h markedly increased the expression of LOX-1 and MCP-1 (mRNA and protien) in a concentration-dependent fashion. Preincubation of HUVECs with carrageenan and polyinosinic acid, the chemical inhibitors of LOX-1, for 2 h, ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of LOX-1 and MCP-1 was suppressed (P

BACKGROUND: The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a key influencing factor in the occurrence and development process of atherosclerosis. How is the merit of the method for the detection of the level of anti-serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) antibody on the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaque?OBJECTIVE: To study the method for the detection of serum anti-ox-LDL antibody in mice with apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) genetic defect to analyze the merits of serous level of anti-ox-LDL antibody on the evaluation of the area of atherosclerotic plaque in mice with Apo-E genetic defect.DESIGN: Single factor analysis of variance (a case-controlled study)SETTING: Laboratory of nutrition and metabolism diseases in a university.PARTICIPANTS: Mice with Apo-E genetic defect were grouped into positive group (series: C57B L/6J, n = 15), while normal mice were grouped into control group (series: C57BL/6J, n = 15).INTERVENTIONS: Mice of two groups were fed in separate cage on laminar flow shelf for free drinking and eating. The venous blood was drawn from the orbit of mice after 16 weeks for the separation of mice serum. The level of anti-ox-LDL antibody was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the separated serum from either mice with Apo-E genetic defect or normal mice. The area of atherosclerotic plaque was measured by image analysis after oil red O staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ox-LDL level and atherosclerotic plaque area in mice with Apo-E genetic defect or normal mice.RESULTS: Anti-ox-LDL antibody level of mice with Apo-E genetic defect was[ (0. 079 ±0. 028)% ], which was significantly higher than [(0. 012± 0.001 )% ] of normal mice ( F= 10. 666, P ＜ 0.01 ). The area of atherosclerotic plaque of mice with Apo-E genetic defect was (26. 25 ± 9.20) %, which was also significantly higher than 0% of normal mice, and moreover, there was a significant correlation between these two factors ( r =0. 638, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum level of anti-ox-LDL antibody in mice with Apo-E genetic defect is closely correlated with the area of atherosclerotic plaque,which is an important indicator for the generation of atherosclerosis in mice with Apo-E genetic defect.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Yishen Daluo Decoction (YDD) on the expression of protein lipoprotein (PLP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig 1), and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

METHODSTotally 40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the normal group, the model group, the Chinese medicine (CM) group, and the Western medicine (WM) group, 10 mice in each group. Each mouse in the model, CM, and WM groups was subcutaneously injected with 200 microL antigen emulsion (containing 150 micro g PLP139 -151 and 400 micro g H37RA) in two parts at the upper abdomen on the first day. 100 microLBordetella pertussis juice (containing 0. 6 x 10(6) Bordetella pertussis) was injected by caudal vein on the first and the third day. On the 7th day after modeling, each mouse in the normal group and the model group was intragastrically given normal saline (0. 1 mL/10 g). YDD (0. 2 g crude drug/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the CM group, and prednisone (0. 039 mg/10 g) was intragastrically given to mice in the WM group. All mice were intervened for 54 days. Changes of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice were detected by Western blot. Results The levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue of the model group were less than those of the normal group (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of PLP, Olig1, and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05); the levels of PLP and Olig2 in the brain tissue increased in the WM group (P <0.05). Compared with the WM group, the level of Olig1 in the brain tissue increased in the CM group (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONYDD could enhance remyelination by elevating the levels of Olig1 and Olig2 in the brain tissue of EAE mice.

Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Brain ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Transcription Factors

T cells recognize antigens through TCRs (T cell receptor). T cell clones can be sorted into 24 gene subfamilies based on the usage of the segments of TCR BV in gene rearrangement. Application of the various segments of TCR BV may establish TCR BV spectrotyping that can be used to analyze and recognize the different functional T cell clones, and understand the function and proliferation of various T cell clones in malignancy and autoimmune disease. In vitro expansion of a great deal of the specific antitumor T cells and transfusing them to patients will be able to develop a new method for tumor immunotherapy. Through analyze the character of the TCR BV gene, McAb against TCR or DNA vaccine to inhibit the growth of T cell clones associated-autoimmune disease and tumors might be developed. The McAb and vaccine may be used to cure these diseases. The commo T cells can also be modifed to specific antitumor T cells by method of TCR gene transfer. In this review, the characteristics of TCR, analysis method for gene spectrotyping of TCR BV, segments of TCR BV and autoimmue distase, T cell clones in hematologic maligrancies, recognition of T cell oligoclone expansion of T cells, and application of TCR BV gene spectrotyping in bone marrow transplantation were discussed and summarised.
Autoimmune Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; Clone Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; genetics ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; classification ; genetics ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective : To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection among volunteer blood donors in Hangzhou City, and to evaluate the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infections. Methods : Data pertaining to volunteer blood donors in Hangzhou City from 2016 to 2019 were retrieved from the blood donor management system. Hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and HBV DNA was detected using nucleic acid testing. The incidence/window period model was employed to assess the residual risk of HBV transmitted through transfusion from donors. Results : The prevalence of HBV infections was 0.56% among the 320 755 first-time donors and 0.13% among the 279 816 repeat donors in Hangzhou City from 2016 to 2019, and a higher prevalence of HBV infection was detected among first-time donors than among repeat donors ( P<0.05 ). The residual risks of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection were 296.38 per million person-times ( 95%CI: 277.57 to 315.19 per million person-times ) and 98.79 per million person-times ( 95%CI: 87.15 to 110.43 per million person-times ) among first-time and repeat donors with positive HBsAg, and were 86.79 per million person-times ( 95%CI: 76.60 to 96.98 per million person-times ) and 28.93 per million person-times ( 95%CI: 22.63 to 35.23 per million person-times ) among first-time and repeat donors tested positive for HBV DNA, respectively. Conclusions There is still a residual risk of HBV infection transmitted through transfusion from blood donors in Hangzhou City. Nucleic acid testing may remarkably reduce the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection in blood donors.

Objective To investigate the underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) modulating the inflammatory response during the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), especially the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which will provide new theoretical and experimental basis of MODS in clinic. Methods BMSC of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat (female, 4 weeks) was extracted and cultivated, and the 4th passage were used in experimental study. According to the random number table, 60 female SD rats were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group): sham group, MODS group, BMSC group. MODS model in rats was induced by lipopolysaccaride (LPS, 1 mg/kg) via femoral vein injection. Sham group was injected with the sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in the same volume. BMSC group, in which BMSC infusion was started at 2 hours after 0.5 mL LPS stimulation (1×106/cells) through the tail vein. The survival rate was observed after 72 hours in each group. Abdominal aortic blood was collected for routine blood and biochemical examination at 72 hours after operation. Protein microarray was used to detect the related 34 inflammatory cytokines. Signal ratio was defined as the differentially expressed factors when it was more than 2.0 or less than 0.5. And enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was be applied to validate the significant inflammation factor. Meanwhile, the heart, kidney, intestine tissue was harvested, then their pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining.Results 20, 12, 16 rats lived in sham group, MODS group and BMSC group respectively at 72 hours after operation. Compared with the sham group, the indicators (routine blood, liver and kidney function, myocardial enzyme) were apparently unusual, and the heart, kidney, intestine tissue were injured obviously in the MODS group. After BMSC administration, the organ function was improved and tissue damaged was alleviated significantly. Protein microarray showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were significantly different in 34 goal cytokines. The signal ratio change of IL-4 was 0.397, 1.124, 2.826 respectively, and the signal ratio of RAGE was 6.197, 1.552, 0.250, respectively in MODS/sham group, BMSC/sham group, BMSC/MODS group. ELISA validated the result that the expression level of IL-4 decreased significantly (ng/L:3.59±1.21 vs. 29.10±5.78) and the expression level of RAGE increased significantly (ng/L: 1.09±0.04 vs. 0.11±0.03) in MODS group as compared with sham group (bothP < 0.05). Compared with the MODS group, the level of IL-4 was obviously higher than that in BMSC group (ng/L: 9.59±2.21 vs. 3.59±1.21,P < 0.01), and RAGE decreased significantly (ng/L: 0.29±0.07 vs. 1.09±0.04,P < 0.05).Conclusions BMSC administration can regulate the expression of IL-4 and RAGE in the rats subjected to MODS. Moreover, BMSC can promote the restoration of tissue and organ function, thus improve the survival rate. BMSC may be the target in cell therapy for the inflammatory disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of retrograde autologous priming (RAP)in congenital heart disease surgery by cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Twenty congenital heart disease patients undergoing heart operation by cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two groups,group control (n=10)and group RAP (n=10).Group control was received the regular priming method,whereas group RAP with RAP technique.The hematologic parameters were measured before CPB,15 minutes following CPB,1 h and 24 h after CPB.The priming volume, transfusion requirements,ventilator time and ICU stay time were recorded.Results All patients were healed completely without death and transfusing complications.The priming volume in group RAP was significantly lower than that in group control (P<0.01).The levels of hemoglobin and hemato-crit in group RAP at 15 min following CPB and 1 h after CPB were significantly higher compared to group control (P<0.05).Lactate in group RAP at 1 h and 24 h after CPB were significantly lower than those in group control (P<0.05).The transfusion requirements in group RAP were significantly decreased than group control (P<0.05).Conclusion In congenital heart disease surgery by cardiop-ulmonary bypass,RAP technique can effectively decrease priming volume,hemodilution and transfu-sion requirements,improve tissue perfusion and pulmonary function.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of placental transfusion of umbilical cord milking on very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods Fifty-seven VLBW infants born from September 2011 to May 2014 who had umbilical cord milking at birth were selected as experimental group. Sixty-one VLBW infants born from January 2008 to August 2011 who had normal cord clamping at birth were selected as control group. The complications of VLBW infants, blood transfusion, frequency of using pulmonary surfactant (PS), the duration of mechanical ventilation, the duration of oxygen and mortality were compared between two groups.Results The incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia was signiifcantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P< 0.05). The blood transfusion and transfusion volume, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of oxy-gen were signiifcantly lower in experimental group than in control group (P< 0.05).Conclusions Umbilical cord milking can reduce the incidence of severe asphyxia, IVH and anemia. It also can reduce the blood transfusion, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the duration of oxygen in VLBW infants.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitivity effects of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitor 3-amion benzamide (3-AB) on the BRCA non-mutant and BRCA mutant breast cancer cells,and to explore the regulatory mechanism of PARP-1 and BRCA in radiation-induced DNA damage repair.Methods MDA-MB-436 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into four groups respectively as the control (CTRL),ionizing radiation alone (IR),3-AB alone (3-AB),and ionizing radiation combined with 3-AB(IR + 3-AB)group.γ-H2AX foci were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells was evaluated by clonogenic survival assay.The percentage of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with MDA-MB-231 cells,MDA-MB-436 cells had a higher radiosensitivity and produced more γ-H2AX foci(t =4.57,P ＜ 0.05),which was further increased by 3-AB.The DNA damage of MDA-MB-436 cells in the IR + 3-AB group was the most remarkable (t =3.26,P ＜ 0.05).Flow cytometry showed that the cells in the IR + 3-AB group had the highest rate of apoptosis (t=3.81,P ＜ 0.05),and the apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-436 cells was significantly higher than MDA-MB-231 cells (t =2.96,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The radiosensetivity of BRCA mutant cells MDA-MB-436 is significantly higher than that of non-BRCA mutant cells MDA-MB-231.Inhibition of PARP-1 can further increase the apoptosis and radiosensitivity of BRCA-mutant cells by further blocking the repair of DNA single-strand break induced by ionizing radiation.