The Medical Care Act of Japan has undergone five major revisions since it went into effect in 1947. Each revision has been designed to target and tackle main problems found in the medical and health sector in the country. These problems range from the making of regional healthcare plans to the establishment of the hospital with specific functions, from the division of rehabilitation beds to the establishment of nursing insurance scheme, from the birth of medical corporations to the establishment of social medical corporations, and from strengthening of non-profit nature of medical institutions to the construction of medical information system. These efforts were made to provide a safe and convenient health service for the Japanese people. These revisions are closely related to hospital management, and its experiences prove useful for the health reform in China.

The clinician training system in Japan is different from that in China as their medical students are allowed to take medical doctor examination immediately following their graduation.But they must undergo at least two years of training in basic clinical knowledge and skills prior to taking any clinical practice.This training system is inspirational for us as follows:China should include standardized training of residents into the law of medical practitioners,and medical graduates must take two years of knowledge training in full medicine before they are qualified for clinical practice.On top of this training,they need to undergo at least three years of specialized doctor training,making them competent clinicians with comprehensive knowledge coverage and outstanding skills in specific areas following such staged training.

For medical insurance systems, medical expense examination is a key measure to keep medical expenses under control. In 1948, Japan established an examination authority of legal person status to operate the medical expense examination. Based on years of modifications and improvement in the organizational system and operation mechanism, the system is running smoothly by now. Authors of this paper made a detailed introduction to the specific operations of such a system, and to China's local features as well. On such basis, the study proposed to build in China a third-party medical expense examination institution as a legal entity, and practice the reexamination system and information disclosure system, in an effort to safeguard legitimate rights of insurance organizations and medical institutions.

Fire-dragon moxibustion is a modified moxibustion method based on the traditional moxibustion therapy. It’s more easy-to-operate, has higher security, and is more significant in supplementing yang qi. Via extensive and intensive hot stimulation, fire-dragon moxibustion can activate yang qi inside human body, regulate Zang-fu organs, modulate immune function, and finally achieve the goal of preventing and treating diseases.

Objective To evaluate the value of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in the diagnosis of malignant bone neoplasms.Methods Eighteen cases with consecutive primary malignant bone neoplasms of the knee were prospectively enrolled in the study. Each patient had a controlled preoperative MRI including a SSEPI-DWI sequence. With the help of a pathologist, spatially localized histological sampling study of the postoperative specimens was performed. ADCs of viable tumor (intra- and extraosseous part), peritumoral edema (including soft tissue edema and intramedullary edema), and tumor necrosis of the neoplasms confirmed by spatially localized histological sampling or following up were calculated and compared.Results Mean ADCs of viable tumor, peritumoral muscle edema, peritumoral marrow edema, tumor nerosis, normal muscle, and normal marrow were (1.181?0.236)?10 -3mm2/s (intraosseous part)/(1.158?0.259)?10 -3mm2/s (extraosseous part), (2.347?0.233)?10 -3mm2/s, (1.997?0.119)?10 -3mm2/s, (2.230?0.208)?10 -3mm2/s, (0.486?0.313)?10 -3mm2/s, and (0.483?0.288)?10 -3mm2/s, respectively. Statistical differences were significant among all these tissues (F=153.131, P=0.000). The ADCs of viable tumor were higher than that of normal tissues (P

Conventional chemotherapy drugs, molecularly targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the major constituents of anti-tumor drugs in clinical settings at present. Molecularly targeted drugs specifically target the key proteins, genes, or signal transduction pathways in tumor cells which are essential for initiation and development of tumor, resulting in selective activity to induce cell death or growth inhibition. Molecularly targeted drugs have emerged as the mainstream in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs due to its high selectivity and low toxicity. Natural products refer to the chemical constituents or metabolites originated animals, plants, or microorganisms, which have been recognized as one of the important sources of drug discovery with abundant resources and diversified structures. At present, a number of molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives have been approved for cancer therapy or in clinical trials. This review will summarize the molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives according to their different cellular targets, and also outline the molecular mechanism, progress, and perspectives of these drugs.

Objective To investigate current health status of medical professionals in Guangdong Province to provide evidence for individualized health management. Methods Based on multi-stage stratified sampling method,3872 medical professional from 56 hospitals in Guangdong Province were enrolled and completed a self-designed questionnaire. The results were collected and compared using descriptive analysis, K-S test, Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression. Results A total of 3687 (95.2%) feed-backs were collected,of which 3502 (95.0%) could be used. Insomnia was the most serious problem among nurses (68. 9% ). The incidence rate of sub-health condition was 58. 2%. First-line clinical work,female, long working experience, tertiary hospital, no physical activity and insomnia were correlated with more serious sub-clinical health. Conclusion Unhealthy life style and sub-heahh problems negatively impact health of medical professional. Therefore, supervisors should pay more attention to those with certain characteristics.

Brucellosis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous diseases with diverse genetic abnormalities,variable responsiveness to therapy and prognosis.In recent years,a lot of information has become available regarding chromosome and gene mutations that occur in AML and their influence on prognosis.Improvements in the understanding of molecular biology of AML are critical for accurate diagnosis.risk stratification,monitoring of minimal residual disease and provides opportunities to develop targeted therapies and improve the clinical outcome.This article reviewed chromosome abnormalities and characteristic gene mutations,and discussed their clinical signiflcances and presented new drugs in clinical trials presented in the 55th ASH annual meeting.

A new method for multi-protocol label switching is presented in this study, whose core idea is to construct model for simulating process of accommodating network online loads and then adopt genetic algorithm to optimize the model. Due to the heuristic property of evolutional method, the new method is efficient and effective, which is verified by the experiments.