Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common and devastating problem in clinical medicine. The lack of early biomarkers for AKI has led to a delay in initiating potentially effective therapies.Identification of novel biomarkers for AKI has progressed to the clinical phase of the biomarker discovery process. The most promising AKI biomarkers include neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein. In this article, we review the study of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein in recent years,in order to provide the theory basis for the clinical application of the early biomarkers for AKI.

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 is a zinc dependent transmembrane type Ⅰ multi-domain of protein which is highly conserved in evolution and mediates protein maturation and ectodomain shedding, with protein hydrolysis, cellular adhesion, cellular fusion and signal transmission.This article reviews its structure and function, the substrate and relative signaling pathways, the factors influencing its expression and catalytic activity,the research progress in urinary tract diseases.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrated that AMPK is a novel signaling molecule modulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress which are involved in inflammatory pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary infectious diseases and pulmonary fibrosis. AMPK attenuates inflammatory lung injury by phosphorylating its downstream targets, such as sirtuin1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), p53 and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a). This review summarized the relationship between AMPK and the development of inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; enzymology ; Lung Diseases ; enzymology ; Oxidative Stress ; PPAR gamma ; metabolism ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; Phosphorylation ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect of live combined bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecium granules with multivitamines (Medilac-Vita) and nonnutritive suck on the premature infant.Methods Eighty premature infants without asphyxia and digestive tract malformation were randomly divided into control group(without Medilac-Vita and nonnutritive suck group) and observation group( Medilac-Vita and nonnutritive suck group) including 40 cases each.The gastrointestinal dysfunction and growth-development index were observed in two groups.Results In observation group,the occurrence rate of vomit,abdominal distention,gastric retention,hemorrhage of digestive tract,meconium peritonitis and necrotizing enterocolitis were all lower than that in control group.The cleaning lime of meeoninm in observation group was lower than that in control group [(3.20±1.01 )d and (6.23±2.56)d],the removing time of canalis ventriculi [(4.03±2.11 )d and (7.10±2.91 )d],the time of the jaundice fading away [( 11.10±5.36)d and ( 14.30±6.82)d ],the time of staying in hospital [(15.02±3.12 )d and (20.00 + 5.11)d],the growth of the head circumference and weight in seven and fourteen days were significantly different between two groups.The incidence rates of intracranial hemorrhage,apnea and death in observation group were 12.5% (5/40),10.0% (4/40) and 0 (0/40),which in control group were 45.0%(18/40),37.5% (15/40) and 5.0% (2/40).Conclusion The treatment of Medilac-Vita and nonnutritive suck on the premature infants can promote the maturity of stomach and intestine function,reduce the occurrence of complications,promote growth and development.

Objective Using PBL and CBS pedagogy,to explore the feasibility of the application and effectiveness of teaching in medical genetics teaching. Methods In medical genetics teaching,set the clinical Class 1 grade 2007 to the control group,using traditional pedagogy,set the clinical Class 2 grade 2007 to the experimental group,using PBL and CBS pedagogy. Results Final exam results showed that the experimental group's average scores were significantly higher than control group(P

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of infant rotavirus (RV) diarrhea in Nanjing area .Methods The detection of group A rotavirus were performed on 7 325 outpatients from intestinal clinic of Nanjing Children′s Hospital by using immune colloidal gold method ,and the epidemiological analysis were did according to the detection results .Results In the 7 325 pa-tients ,2 353 were found rotavirus positive ,the total positive rate was 32 .12% .The positive rate of 1 -2 years old group was the highest(43 .51% ) ,compared with other age groups (P< 0 .05) .In November ,December and January ,the positive rates were 52 .20% ,46 .98% ,46 .59% ,respectively .Compared with the positive rate in other months ,there was statistically significant differ-ence(P<0 .05) .The infection rate of RV in vaccine group and non-vaccine group were 9 .06% and 38 .74% ,respectively .There was significant difference between the two groups .Conclusion Infants of 6 months to less than 3 years old in Nanjing have higher de-tection rate of RV infection ,and the infection peak appears in autumn and winter .

The research of interleukin-13 receptor ?2(IL-13R?2) chain is a rising pop these years.Previous studies have shown that many human tumors overexpress IL-13R?2 chain,while normal cells do not express this receptor or express very low level.This difference of express level is significant to diagnose and cure tumors by the IL-13R?2-directed toxin fusion protein.During the past decade,the structure and the function of IL-13R?2 together with the relationship between this receptor and tumors has been further developed.Therefore new therapies and theories can be proposed as the clinical tumor treatments.In this case,the expression in various tumor cell lines was not only focused on but also on the IL-13 and toxin fusion protein killing effect in both the cell level and the in vivo level.Besides,an overview of the mechanism in the treatment of IL-13R?2-directed toxin fusion protein together with the improved methods for fusion protein purification and other relative tumor therapy was given.In conclusion,the current status and progress of IL-13R?2 as well as IL-13R?2-directed toxin fusion protein in tumor therapy were represented.

The training of clinical thinking ability is the key point of obstetrical teaching to medical students in eight-year program.Obstetrical department of the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university has put forward specific methods of SP inquiring and PBL case analysis teaching.The well-designed teaching methods have an active role in the training of case history collecting ability,diagnosing and treating ability to medical students in eight-year program.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in making marketing strategy.METHODS:According to the organization and operational model of Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises,their practicable marketing strategy was discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should make practicable and feasible marketing strategy to promote market competition ability basing on self-condition.

Humans ; Immunoglobulin D ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; classification ; complications ; Testicular Diseases ; etiology