Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a worldwide public health problem.Glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ) is a key indicator for early diagnosis and accurate classification of CKD , how to estimate GFR accurately and conveniently has been a difficulty and hot-points.We describes the development of several major eGFR equations based on creatinine and cystatin C , analysis the impact of the different research methods on performance of equation , and discusses the issue in research and application of eGFR in China.Accordingly make the following recommendations ( 1 ) Expand the study size ( multiple centers) and participants number , then develop and validate eGFR equations based on Chinese population ;(2) Standardize the gold standardof GFR in the study and unify the analysis and evaluation methods;(3) Promote the consistency and standardization of creatinine and cystatin C which is the basis for the wide range of applications of the eGFR formula.

BACKGROUND:There are few reports about the effect of serum-free culture on the differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cel s into vascular endothelial cel s.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the isolation, serum-free culture of rat adipose-derived stem cel s differentiating into vascular endothelial cel s.
METHODS:The rat adipose-derived stem cel s were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and expanded to the third passage by enzymatic digestion-adherent explants method. In the experimental group, rat adipose-derived stem cel s were cultured in serum-free medium for 24 hours. In the control group, rat adipose-derived stem cel s were cultured in low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum. After that, the cel s were cultured in inducing medium for 3 weeks to differentiate into vascular endothelial cel s.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The rat adipose-derived stem cel s grew as polygonal or fusiform-shaped adherent cel s when cultured in vitro, which could stably proliferate and passage. The rat adipose-derived stem cel s showed very low expression of CD31, a cel surface marker, after passages. After directional differentiations into vascular endothelial cel s, the cel s were pebble-shaped under the inverted microscope. Expression of CD31 was up-regulated, which was much higher in the experimental group than the control group. The induced cel s in the experimental group had stronger abilities than those in the control group to swal ow Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein and form tube-like structures on the matrigel after differentiation into vascular endothelial cel s. So, rat adipose-derived stem cel s could be highly successful y induced to differentiate into vascular endothelial cel s in vitro after serum-free culture.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the factors affecting the quality of life of patients with gastric cancer after surgery. Methods120 cases of gastric cancer patients undergoing resection of gastric cancer from March 2009 to March 2010 in our hospital were chosen as the research object.100 cases of non-cancer patients with similar general information and without factors affecting quality of life at the same period were chosen as the control group.Quality of Life Questionnaire of Stomach 22 (QLQ-STO22) were used to investigated the quality of life of patients in the two groups.The factors affecting the quality of life for patients with gastric cancer were analyzed.Countermeasures to increase the quality of life of cancer patients were explored according to factors affecting the quality of life. ResultsThe study showed that quality of life of gastric cancer patients was significantly lower than the control group.The differences were significant.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,age,personality,education degree,family economic status,cancer disease were the main factors affecting their quality of life. ConclusionsIn clinical care of patients with gastric cancer,the medical staff should take appropriate psychological care and health education based on individual circumstances of patients,try to eliminate the adverse fractors of patients in psychology,cognition and thought in order to enhance the quality of life of patients after surgery.

AIM: To study the role of c-Jun NH_2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the development of insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or H_2O_2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS: Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with JNK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or JNK inhibitor SP600125, then exposed to 1 nmol/L of TNF-α or micromolar H_2O_2 generated by adding glucose oxidase (50 U/L) to the medium for 12 h. The cellular glucose uptake was determined by radioactive method. RESULTS: Compared to control adipocytes, 12 h incubation with TNF-α or H_2O_2 led to 50%-55% reduction (P<0.01) of the insulin-dependent glucose uptake. JNK1 siRNA transfection significantly inhibited JNK1 expression and blocked the TNF-α or H_2O_2-induced impairments of cellular glucose uptake. Pretreatment with SP600125 (20 μmol/L) resulted in significant increases in insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes in both TNF-α (66%) and H_2O_2 (62%) treated adipocytes (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: JNK plays a key role in TNF-α or H_2O_2 induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and inhibition of JNK over-activation may be a new therapeutic target for insulin resistance.

AIM:To study the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the development of insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) or H2O2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS:Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with JNK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or JNK inhibitor SP600125,then exposed to 1 nmol/L of TNF-? or micromolar H2O2 generated by adding glucose oxidase (50 U/L) to the medium for 12 h. The cellular glucose uptake was determined by radioactive method. RESULTS:Compared to control adipocytes,12 h incubation with TNF-? or H2O2 led to 50%-55% reduction (P

The common respiratory pathogens which can cause children kidney disease include bacteria,viru-ses,mycoplasma pneumonia,and so on,the major clinical manifestations of infectious renal injury are glomerular nephri-tis,nephrotic syndrome,interstitial nephritis and renal subclinical glomerulonephritis. Group A β - hemolytic streptococ-cus is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children(50% - 90% ). Mycoplasma pneumoniae infec-tions and respiratory tract virus - associated renal injury are the important part of kidney disease in children with acute non - streptococcal infection,and comparing with the streptococcal glomerulonephritis,the process and prognosis of my-coplasma and virus infection are relatively better,and the level of blood urine,hypertension and serum complement is lower,with shorter duration and rapid recovery,and the duration of edema and proteinuria in children with nephrotic syndrome is shorter as well. There may be similar genetics and immunology pathogenesis between virus - induced wheezing or asthma and kidney injury in children.

0.05) in vitamin D_3 plus nicotine (VDN) group. The values of +LV dp/dt_ max and-LV dp/dt_ max were significantly lower in VDN group (P

Objective To study the mechanism of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibitor U0126 on cell cycle of K562 cell lines. Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of ERK, Cyclin D2, Cyclin E in and P27 K562 cell lines after 10 ?mol/L U0126 treatment for 12, 24 and 72 h were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of ERK, Cyclin D2 and Cyclin E in K562 cell lines after U0126 treatment were decreased, while those of P27 were increased. The percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase was increased and that in S phase was decreased. All data mentioned above showed significant difference between the K562 cell lines before and after U0126 treatment(P

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Mahuangzhisou capsules. Methods:A TLC method was used to identi-fy five components including Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Platycodonis Radix and Citri Exocarpium Rubrum in the capsules. An HPLC method was used to determine the content of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum. Re-sults:The TLC identification method for Asari Radix Et Rhizoma, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Platyc-odonis Radix and Citri Exocarpium Rubrum was established without any interference. The HPLC method for the determination of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum was established, and the linear concentration of hesperidin was 3.03-302.80 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 99. 80%(RSD=0. 49%,n=9). Conclusion:The new quality standard is simple and accurate, which can effec-tively control the quality of the preparation.

Objective:To study the scalp electroacupuncture combined with language training on the language function of post-stroke aphasia patients.Method:Ninety patients were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method.The patients in the experimental group were treated by language rehabilitation training combined with electroacupuncture,while the control group was treated only by verbal training.Schuell stimulation was performed by one to one training and different types of aphasia patients focued on the different types of training.A course of treatment consisted of 2 weeks training with 30mins for each time,5 times a week.For acupuncture treatment,scalp acupuncture points were employed with motor area for motor aphasia,sensory area for sensory aphasia and three language areas for complete language aphasia,also combined with Baihui,wind House,dumb gate and other points.All patients received a course of treatment.The language function was evaluated by using Chinese Aphasia Test and the scores of spontaneous speech,language comprehension,repetition and nomenclature were compared before and after treatment.The degree of aphasia was assessed by the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE).The total efficacy was compared by Boston Diagnostic Aphasia.Result:There were significant differences in spontaneous speech,verbal comprehension,repetition,nomenclature and aphasia scores in the experimental group before and after treatment(P=0.01,0.03,0.02,0.02,0.02,P＜0.05)There were significant differences(P=0.02,0.03,0.01,0.02,0.03,P＜0.05) in the spontaneous speech,verbal comprehension,repetition and nomenclature and aphasia scores in the control group before and after treatment.There were significant differences in spontaneous speech,verbal comprehension,repetition,nomenclature and aphasia scores between the two groups(P=0.03,0.03,0.03,0.02,0.03,P＜0.05).There was significant difference in the total curative effect between the two groups(P=0.03,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The scalp electroacupuncture combined with language training can significantly improve spontaneous speech,verbal comprehension,repetition and naming degree score and aphasia for post-stroke patients,and has better curative effect than pure language training.