Objective To assess the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and analyze its out‐come by studying the abnormal ECG presentations in AMI patients .Methods The clinical data and ECG presentations of 381 AMI patients were retrospectively analyzed .The abnrmal ECG presentations and the mortalty were comparatively analyzed in AMI patients with multiple lead pathological Q wave ,elevated ST‐segment ,atrial fibrillation (AF) ,bundle branch conduction block ,cardiogenic shock ,and heart failure .Results T he incidence of cardiogenic shock ,heart fail‐ure and the mortality were significantly higher in patients with multiple lead pathological Q wave than in those without multiple lead pathological Q wave (58 .1% vs 21 .4% ,54 .3% vs 23.2% , 40.0% vs 6 .5% ,P<0 .05) and in patients with abnormal presentations such as elevated ST‐seg‐ment and AF than in those without abnormal ECG presentations (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Abnormal ECG presentations ,such as multiple lead pathological Q wave ,can be used as the evi‐dence for the risk and outcome of AMI .

Conditions for the preparation of apricot kernel oil emulsion were studied. The experimental results showed that with the use of S15 Emulphor as the main emulsifier,at a temperature of 40~60℃,and agitated for three times at a speed of 1000~1200r/min,the resulted oil in water apricot kernel oil emulsion had a satisfactory stability,with disperse phase particle size of ≤10?m and easily absorbable by human body.

This experiment, using cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC), was undertaken to investigate roles of endogenous ONOO- in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused injury to endothelial cells. The fluorescent intensity of nitrotyrosine (NT), a marker of ONOO- generation, in BPAEC represented content of endogenous ONOO- generation. The fluorescent intensity of NT and number of NT positive cells were detected with flow cytometry, and the percentage of NT positive cells was calculated. Results were as follows. (1) LPS (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) caused marked increase in fluorescent intensity of NT in a dose dependent manner. The number and percentage of NT positive cells were markedly increased (P＜0.05). Aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, inhibited the increase in fluorescent intensity of NT in BPAEC induced by LPS. However, the number and percentage of NT positive cells had tendency to reduce. (2) LPS caused the enhancement of MDA content and activity of LDH in cultured supernatant (P＜0.01). AG reversed the enhancement of MDA content induced by LPS (P＜0.01). In contrast, AG had marginal effect on activity of LDH. (3) LPS induced the increase in apoptotic rate in BPAEC in a dose dependent manner. Some BPAEC stained with fluorescent probe ethidium bromide showed morphological features of apoptosis with chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. AG reduced the apoptotic rate and number of apoptotic cells, both of which were still higher than those of vehicle group (P＜0.05). (4) LPS inhibited mitochondrial respiration. Effect of LPS on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) depended on the doses of LPS. 1 mg/L LPS led to a little increase in ΔΨ, while 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L LPS significantly reduced ΔΨ. In conclusion, LPS caused injury to cultured BPAEC and increased production of ONOO-. Cytotoxicity of LPS may be mediated by endogenous ONOO-.

Our previous experiments confirmed that endothelial derived ONOO- mediated injury to cultured BPAEC induced by LPS, and that CCK protected endothelial functions against the detrimental effect of LPS in vitro. In the present study, using cultured BPAEC, we investigated effect of CCK on LPS-induced generation of ONOO- in BPAEC and on injury to BPAEC induced by LPS. Results were as follows.(1)CCK inhibited increase in endothelial generation of ONOO- induced by LPS, for fluorescent intensity of NT in BPAEC reduced from (6.55±0.30) AU of LPS group to (4.37±0.08) AU (P＜0.01), the latter being still higher than (3.27±0.15) AU of vehicle group (P＜0.01). In contrast, the number and percentage of NT positive cells reduced a little. Proglumide, a nonspecific inhibitor of CCK receptors, might in part reverse the effect of CCK. (2)CCK markedly reduced MDA content in supernatant in LPS group (P＜0.01), which was completely reversed by proglumide(P＜0.01). Activities of LDH in supernatant in LPS, LPS+CCK group were (85.30±8.66) U/L and (71.33±4.07) U/L, respectively. Proglumide elicited increase in activity of LDH ［(81.00±6.35) U/L］. However, effect of CCK or proglumide was not significant in the alterations of activity of LDH. (3)CCK significantly inhibited increase in apoptotic rate in BPAEC induced by LPS, from 13.50%±0.60% of LPS group to 5.35%±0.25%(P＜0.001), the latter being completely reversed by proglumide with apoptotic rate of 11.45%±0.65%(P＜0.05).These results further confirmed that CCK afforded the cyoprotection for the mitigation lipoperoxide damage and inhibition of apoptosis in BPAEC induced by LPS. The cytoprotection of CCK may be mediated by CCK receptors and related to the reductive ability of endothelia to generate ONOO- induced by LPS.

In this study we found: 1\, There was endogenous ONOO- formation in lungs in the early stage of endotoxic shock. Exogenous ONOO- led to increase in microvascular permeability, severe lung pathological changes and enhanced MDA content. 2\, It was, for the first time, found that responses of isolated pulmonary artery preincubated with ONOO- showed abnormal manifestations. (1) Low dose of ONOO- let to the inhibition of endothelial dependent relaxation, but enhacement of contractile response, both of which were similar to changes of reactivity in isolated pulmonary artery induced by LPS. (2) High dose of ONOO- reduced contractile response to PE and relaxation to SNP. 3\, ONOO- had direct effect for relaxation of precontracted isolated pulmonary artery. The relaxing action of ONOO- was weak and was negtively regulated by endothelial cells, supporting the notion that ONOO- may be involved in pulmonary hypertension in the early stage of endotoxic shock. 4\, It was, for the first time, found that LPS-induced increase in endogenous ONOO- generation in BPAEC and that endogenous ONOO- mediated injury to BPAEC induced by LPS, which may be a novel mechanism for endotoxin-elicited damage to endothelial cells. 5\, Exposure of pulmonary artery to LPS led to reduction in endothelial dependent relaxation but enhancement in contractile response, both of which were reversed by concomitant exposure to CCK and LPS. 6\, CCK protected cultured BPAEC against the detrimental effects of LPS such as lipoperoxide damages and cellular apoptosis as well as LPS-induced endogenous ONOO- formation. The underlying mechanism of CCK for cytoprotection may be mediated by its receptors and related to its reduced ability of endothelia to generate ONOO- induced by LPS.

Objective To translate the Venous Leg Ulcer Quality of life Questionnaire (VLU-QoL) into Chinese and evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version.Methods VLU-QoL was translated into Chinese according to the standards setted by ISPOR.Totally 232 patients with venous leg ulcer were recruited and investigated by the Chinese version of VLU-QoL.Results The Chinese version of VLU-QoL comprised 34 items,Cronbach α was 0.940,inter-rater reliability was 0.841;test-retest reliability was 0.825.I-CVI was 0.83-1.00,S-CVI/Ave was 0.955;Criterion-related validity were 0.714 and 0.541;factor analysis got 3 factors,which explained 54.367％ of the total variance.Conclusions The Chinese version of VLU-QoL has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of quality of life for patients with venous leg ulcer.

Objective:To study the association between rs2235371,rs2013162,rs2235377 SNPs in interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6)gene and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)in Xinjiang Uyghur population.Methods:100 Uyghur NSCL/P patients from Xinjiang were included in the case group and 60 Uyghur inpatients with upper respiratory tract infection were se-lected in the control group.Next,generation sequencing was used,DNA sequencing results were compared with the information on the genome database and genetic analysis were made.Results:There were no significant differences in the frequency distribution of both genotypes and alles when the cases were campared with the controls at the rs2235371,rs2013162 and rs2235377 loci(P >0.05). Above three loci were located in the same block,rs2235371 and rs2235377 loci presents the strong linkage disequilibrium(r2 =0.949, D'=0.974).Possible haplotypes were:CCT >CAT >TAC,and there was no significant difference between the cases and controls in haplotype distribution(P >0.05).Conclusion:Polymorphisms of rs2235371,rs2013162 and rs2235377 in IRF6 gene may be associ-ated with NSCL/P in Xinjiang Uygur people.

Objective To explore the prognostic factor by analyzing clinical characters, pathologic features and treatment methods of thymic carcinoma. Methods From January 2000 to Deceber 2011, 71 patients received re-section of thymic carcinoma. They were analyzed retrospectively based on Masaoka stage(stageII 7,stageIII 33, stageIV 31). The clinical factors included histological classification, Masaoka stage, treatment and prognosis. Sur-vival rate was calculated and the survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meimer and Log-Rank method, Multi-analy-sis was carried out by COX regression. Results For these patients, the median survival time was 57. 2 months, the 5-year survival rate was 47. 9%. 25 patients received complete resection with 5-years survival rate 68%, 46 patients received partial resection with 5-years survival rate 36. 9%. 41 patients whose lump size was greater than or equal to 8 cm with 5-years survival rate 53. 6%, 40% with lower than 8 cm. Histology Masaoka staging with 5-years survival rate was stage II(57. 1%) , stage III(69. 7%) and stage IV(29. 0%) , respectively. Defferent his-tological type with 5-years survival rate squamous carcinoma(55. 1%) , adenocarcinoma (14. 3%) ,small cell car-cinoma ( 28. 6%) , adenosquamous carcinoma ( 33. 3%) , and carcinoid ( 100%) , respectively. The operation method, the maximum diameter, mass Masaoka stage and different pathology types for survival were statistically dif-ferent (P<0. 05). Preoperative treatment, postoperative radiotherapy and differentiation degree of survival had no statistical difference. Conclusion Surgical method, lump size, masaoka stage and histological type are the impor-tant factors affecting prognosis. Adjuvant radiotherapy maybe is not the poor prognosis factor of thymic tumors. Sur-gical method and lump size are the significant independent prognostic factors in patients with thymic tumors.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule in the treatment of infantile upper respiratory tract infections.Methods 100 children with upper respiratory tract infection were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule,the control group was given ribavirin effervescent granules.The effects of the two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 96％,which was significantly higher than 78％ of the control group (x2 =9.500 6,P ＜ 0.05).The fever,symptoms and signs of improvement time in the observation group were better than those in the control group.Conclusion Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granule in the treatment of infantile upper respiratory tract infection can defervesce quickly,and has quick curative effect,so it is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To discuss the clinical feature and treatment of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2)of permanent maxillary molars. Methods:The root canals of 106 maxillary first molars and 80 maxillary second molars were explored with small size K files. The frequency and morphology of root canals were recorded. The canals of all cases were instrumented by Ni-Ti rotary instruments Hero 642, and obturated with lateral condensation technique. The efficiency of preparation and obturation was analyzed with radiographs before and after treatment. Results:The frequency of MB2 canal in maxillary first and second molars were 82.1% and 45.0%. Most MB2 was very fine and negotiated by size 8 or 10 file combined with EDTA. No transportation, ledge, or perforation was found except that one hand file was separated. Good result of treatment was achieved in most cases. Conclusion:The incidence of MB2 canals of maxillary first molars was higher than that of second molars, and most of them were very fine. The MB2 canals can be negotiated with small size file combined with EDTA, and shaped well with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.