This experiment, using cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC), was undertaken to investigate roles of endogenous ONOO- in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused injury to endothelial cells. The fluorescent intensity of nitrotyrosine (NT), a marker of ONOO- generation, in BPAEC represented content of endogenous ONOO- generation. The fluorescent intensity of NT and number of NT positive cells were detected with flow cytometry, and the percentage of NT positive cells was calculated. Results were as follows. (1) LPS (1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) caused marked increase in fluorescent intensity of NT in a dose dependent manner. The number and percentage of NT positive cells were markedly increased (P＜0.05). Aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, inhibited the increase in fluorescent intensity of NT in BPAEC induced by LPS. However, the number and percentage of NT positive cells had tendency to reduce. (2) LPS caused the enhancement of MDA content and activity of LDH in cultured supernatant (P＜0.01). AG reversed the enhancement of MDA content induced by LPS (P＜0.01). In contrast, AG had marginal effect on activity of LDH. (3) LPS induced the increase in apoptotic rate in BPAEC in a dose dependent manner. Some BPAEC stained with fluorescent probe ethidium bromide showed morphological features of apoptosis with chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. AG reduced the apoptotic rate and number of apoptotic cells, both of which were still higher than those of vehicle group (P＜0.05). (4) LPS inhibited mitochondrial respiration. Effect of LPS on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) depended on the doses of LPS. 1 mg/L LPS led to a little increase in ΔΨ, while 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L LPS significantly reduced ΔΨ. In conclusion, LPS caused injury to cultured BPAEC and increased production of ONOO-. Cytotoxicity of LPS may be mediated by endogenous ONOO-.

Conditions for the preparation of apricot kernel oil emulsion were studied. The experimental results showed that with the use of S15 Emulphor as the main emulsifier,at a temperature of 40~60℃,and agitated for three times at a speed of 1000~1200r/min,the resulted oil in water apricot kernel oil emulsion had a satisfactory stability,with disperse phase particle size of ≤10?m and easily absorbable by human body.

In this study we found: 1\, There was endogenous ONOO- formation in lungs in the early stage of endotoxic shock. Exogenous ONOO- led to increase in microvascular permeability, severe lung pathological changes and enhanced MDA content. 2\, It was, for the first time, found that responses of isolated pulmonary artery preincubated with ONOO- showed abnormal manifestations. (1) Low dose of ONOO- let to the inhibition of endothelial dependent relaxation, but enhacement of contractile response, both of which were similar to changes of reactivity in isolated pulmonary artery induced by LPS. (2) High dose of ONOO- reduced contractile response to PE and relaxation to SNP. 3\, ONOO- had direct effect for relaxation of precontracted isolated pulmonary artery. The relaxing action of ONOO- was weak and was negtively regulated by endothelial cells, supporting the notion that ONOO- may be involved in pulmonary hypertension in the early stage of endotoxic shock. 4\, It was, for the first time, found that LPS-induced increase in endogenous ONOO- generation in BPAEC and that endogenous ONOO- mediated injury to BPAEC induced by LPS, which may be a novel mechanism for endotoxin-elicited damage to endothelial cells. 5\, Exposure of pulmonary artery to LPS led to reduction in endothelial dependent relaxation but enhancement in contractile response, both of which were reversed by concomitant exposure to CCK and LPS. 6\, CCK protected cultured BPAEC against the detrimental effects of LPS such as lipoperoxide damages and cellular apoptosis as well as LPS-induced endogenous ONOO- formation. The underlying mechanism of CCK for cytoprotection may be mediated by its receptors and related to its reduced ability of endothelia to generate ONOO- induced by LPS.

Objective To assess the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and analyze its out‐come by studying the abnormal ECG presentations in AMI patients .Methods The clinical data and ECG presentations of 381 AMI patients were retrospectively analyzed .The abnrmal ECG presentations and the mortalty were comparatively analyzed in AMI patients with multiple lead pathological Q wave ,elevated ST‐segment ,atrial fibrillation (AF) ,bundle branch conduction block ,cardiogenic shock ,and heart failure .Results T he incidence of cardiogenic shock ,heart fail‐ure and the mortality were significantly higher in patients with multiple lead pathological Q wave than in those without multiple lead pathological Q wave (58 .1% vs 21 .4% ,54 .3% vs 23.2% , 40.0% vs 6 .5% ,P<0 .05) and in patients with abnormal presentations such as elevated ST‐seg‐ment and AF than in those without abnormal ECG presentations (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Abnormal ECG presentations ,such as multiple lead pathological Q wave ,can be used as the evi‐dence for the risk and outcome of AMI .

Our previous experiments confirmed that endothelial derived ONOO- mediated injury to cultured BPAEC induced by LPS, and that CCK protected endothelial functions against the detrimental effect of LPS in vitro. In the present study, using cultured BPAEC, we investigated effect of CCK on LPS-induced generation of ONOO- in BPAEC and on injury to BPAEC induced by LPS. Results were as follows.(1)CCK inhibited increase in endothelial generation of ONOO- induced by LPS, for fluorescent intensity of NT in BPAEC reduced from (6.55±0.30) AU of LPS group to (4.37±0.08) AU (P＜0.01), the latter being still higher than (3.27±0.15) AU of vehicle group (P＜0.01). In contrast, the number and percentage of NT positive cells reduced a little. Proglumide, a nonspecific inhibitor of CCK receptors, might in part reverse the effect of CCK. (2)CCK markedly reduced MDA content in supernatant in LPS group (P＜0.01), which was completely reversed by proglumide(P＜0.01). Activities of LDH in supernatant in LPS, LPS+CCK group were (85.30±8.66) U/L and (71.33±4.07) U/L, respectively. Proglumide elicited increase in activity of LDH ［(81.00±6.35) U/L］. However, effect of CCK or proglumide was not significant in the alterations of activity of LDH. (3)CCK significantly inhibited increase in apoptotic rate in BPAEC induced by LPS, from 13.50%±0.60% of LPS group to 5.35%±0.25%(P＜0.001), the latter being completely reversed by proglumide with apoptotic rate of 11.45%±0.65%(P＜0.05).These results further confirmed that CCK afforded the cyoprotection for the mitigation lipoperoxide damage and inhibition of apoptosis in BPAEC induced by LPS. The cytoprotection of CCK may be mediated by CCK receptors and related to the reductive ability of endothelia to generate ONOO- induced by LPS.

Objective To improve the diagnostic accurate rate by studying best values of chest posterior-anterior digital medical images in soft-copy reading. Methods 100 normal adults’ chest posterior-anterior digital medical images in recent 10 days in our hospital were randomly chosen. Five specialists of our department were invited to see these images by soft-copy reading and the best WW/WL values of different parts of the chest they selected were recorded. All the data were analyzed in statistics and the best WW/WL was got. Results The best WW/WL values of soft tissues of chest wall were 2 083/4 840,ribs 2 667/4 908,lung fiber 2 067/4 960,hilum of lung 1 848/5 130,heart and large vessels 2 206/5 438,mediastinum and diaphragm 2 180/5 530,thoracic vertebrae 1 471/5 801,ribs that covered by heart and diaphragm1 428/5 975. Conclusion Different parts in chest poster -anterior digital medical images need special WW/WL in soft-copy reading for better diagnosis of images.

AIM:To study the effect of Hirudo on level of Endothelin-1(ET-1),kidney structure and function in diabetic nephyropathy(DN) rats. METHODS: STZ-induced DN rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group,Hirudo(17.5 g/kg,8.75 g/kg) treatment group,and captopril group,in addition,normal rats for control group.All rats were given by ig for 6 weeks.Kidney function and kidney index(kidney weight/body weight) were determined,the level of ET-1 was determined by Radioimmunoassay,the expression of ET-1 in the kidney tissue by immunohistochemicai,and kidney tissue was observed by lightmicroscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The level and expression of ET-1,kidney index in DN rats significantly increased.The level and expression of ET-1 markedly decreased in Hirudo treatment group,and kidney pathologic changes of DN rats in Hirudo treatment group were improved. CONCLUSION: Hirudo can ameliorate early kidney hyperdynamic abnormality in DN rats,possess protective effect on kidney of DN rats,whose mechanism may be associated partly with a down-regulation of levels and expression of ET-1.

Objective:To discuss the clinical feature and treatment of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2)of permanent maxillary molars. Methods:The root canals of 106 maxillary first molars and 80 maxillary second molars were explored with small size K files. The frequency and morphology of root canals were recorded. The canals of all cases were instrumented by Ni-Ti rotary instruments Hero 642, and obturated with lateral condensation technique. The efficiency of preparation and obturation was analyzed with radiographs before and after treatment. Results:The frequency of MB2 canal in maxillary first and second molars were 82.1% and 45.0%. Most MB2 was very fine and negotiated by size 8 or 10 file combined with EDTA. No transportation, ledge, or perforation was found except that one hand file was separated. Good result of treatment was achieved in most cases. Conclusion:The incidence of MB2 canals of maxillary first molars was higher than that of second molars, and most of them were very fine. The MB2 canals can be negotiated with small size file combined with EDTA, and shaped well with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

Objective:To evaluate the shaping ability of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instrument Hero 642 combined with SX of ProTaper in moderately and severely curved root canals.Methods:42 teeth with moderately and severely curved canals in 42 patients were prepared by Hero 642 and SX of ProTaper using crown-down technique and obturated with lateral condensation method. The efficiency of the preparation and obturation were analyzed by radiographs before and after treatment. Results:After preparation by the rotary instrument the original curvature and alignment of the canals were kept. No transportation, apical blockage, ledge or perforation was found in all cases. In one case,the file was broken during operation.After treatment light pain was complained in 4 cases and the pain alleviated and disappeared spontaneously. Conclusion:The NiTi rotary instrumentation technique with Hero 642 and ProTaper can be used to prepare curved root canals effectively and quickly.

Objective To explore the prognostic factor by analyzing clinical characters, pathologic features and treatment methods of thymic carcinoma. Methods From January 2000 to Deceber 2011, 71 patients received re-section of thymic carcinoma. They were analyzed retrospectively based on Masaoka stage(stageII 7,stageIII 33, stageIV 31). The clinical factors included histological classification, Masaoka stage, treatment and prognosis. Sur-vival rate was calculated and the survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meimer and Log-Rank method, Multi-analy-sis was carried out by COX regression. Results For these patients, the median survival time was 57. 2 months, the 5-year survival rate was 47. 9%. 25 patients received complete resection with 5-years survival rate 68%, 46 patients received partial resection with 5-years survival rate 36. 9%. 41 patients whose lump size was greater than or equal to 8 cm with 5-years survival rate 53. 6%, 40% with lower than 8 cm. Histology Masaoka staging with 5-years survival rate was stage II(57. 1%) , stage III(69. 7%) and stage IV(29. 0%) , respectively. Defferent his-tological type with 5-years survival rate squamous carcinoma(55. 1%) , adenocarcinoma (14. 3%) ,small cell car-cinoma ( 28. 6%) , adenosquamous carcinoma ( 33. 3%) , and carcinoid ( 100%) , respectively. The operation method, the maximum diameter, mass Masaoka stage and different pathology types for survival were statistically dif-ferent (P<0. 05). Preoperative treatment, postoperative radiotherapy and differentiation degree of survival had no statistical difference. Conclusion Surgical method, lump size, masaoka stage and histological type are the impor-tant factors affecting prognosis. Adjuvant radiotherapy maybe is not the poor prognosis factor of thymic tumors. Sur-gical method and lump size are the significant independent prognostic factors in patients with thymic tumors.