Applying problem-based learning(PBL)teaching method to clinical teaching of nephrology.Questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effect.The conclusion is that PBL method can enhance students'ability of active learning,analyzing and solving problems

Purpose:The phase I study was conducted to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of weekly administered docetaxel combined with cisplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ). The other objective was to measure the pharmacokinetic/dynamics (PK/PD).Methods:In the dose escalation study, 15 patients with unresectable and metastatic untreated NSCLC with performance status(0-1) were enrolled. Escalating doses of D 25 mg/m 2 (30 mg/m 2, 35 mg/m 2, 40 mg/m 2) on day 1, 8, 15 were given as a 30 min iv infusions and C 75 mg/m 2 30 min iv infusion after D on day 1 and the cycle was repeated every 4 weeks. Blood samples were drawn on day 1 and 15 in the first cycle to measure the PK. Dose limiting toxicity(DLT) was based on Cycle 1 and defined as any Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity not declining to Grade 2 or less within 4 days or any Grade 4 toxicity. Results:Chemotherapy was repeated for at least two cyc1es every 28 days. All patients were assessable for toxicities. Although grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred, there were no significant modifications of chemotherapy schedule. One patient developed an infection (DLT). Non-hematological toxicities, including nausea/vomiting, a1opecia, fluid intension and asthenia were tolerable. Based on these data, the MTD has not yet reached up to dose level of docetaxel of 40mg/m 2 weekly given in combination with cisplatin 75mg/m 2 every 4 weeks at the fixed dose. The exposure to docetaxel after Ⅳ administration on day 1 in combination with cisplatin and on day 15 without cisplatin , increased proportional to the dose for the range 25 to 40 mg/m 2, as measured by Cmax and AUC. No statistically significant difference between clearance values was shown for the 4 dose levels. The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel was not influenced by the coadministration of cisplatin on day 1 as compared to day 15, as the CmaxN, AUCN and CL were not statistically significantly different on both days. Fourteen patients were eva1uab1e for response, five cases achieved partial response, and thus the overall response was 35.7%. 1, 2, and 3 year survivals were 73%, 27%, and 20%, respectively. Weekly administration of docetaxel at 35mg/m 2 (days 1, 8, l5) combined with cisplatin 75mg/m 2 (day 1) is recommended for phase Ⅱ studies. Conclusions:Using the weekly schedule, toxicity was mainly manifested by non-hematologic profile and was well tolerated. A phase Ⅱ study is currently ongoing with docetaxel 35mg/m 2 as the suggested dosage.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sex behavior of high school students, their mental health and thier parental rearing behavior. Methods: 905 students were studied with sexual health questionnaires (self-designed), SCL-90 and EMBU. Results: 8.5% of the students have had sex and male students of having sex had more problems with parental rearing behavior and female students having sex had more psychological symptoms. Conclusion: More attention should be paid to sexuality health education and to prevent STD and AIDS.

Objective To evaluate the expression of cytoplasmic CD_ 79a(CyCD_ 79a)on different acute leukemia(AL)cells and to explore its significance.Methods CyCD_ 79aexpression on the leukemic cells from 221 acute leukemia patients diagnosed from January 2003 to April 2004 was retrospectively analyzed by three-color cytometry with CD_ 45/SSC gating strategy.Results CyCD_ 79awas positive in 100%(57/57)of B cell-acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)cases,which was higher than that of other B cell-associated antigens(CD_ 10,CD_ 19,CD_ 20and cytoplasmic CD_ 22)in B-ALL.Only 0.7%(1/134)of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cases and 13.3%(2/15)of T cell-acute leukemia(T-ALL)cases expressed CyCD_ 79a,respectively.Conclusion CyCD_ 79ais sensitive and specific for B-ALL.CyCD_ 79amay be used as a reliable immunophenotyping marker for the diagnosis of B-ALL and be used to distinguish B-ALL from T-ALL and AML.

Objective To investigate the effect of Liuwei Dihuang decoction combined with Taohong Siwu decoction in the treatment of traumatic renal contusion and laceration with long time no absorption of hematoma.Methods 166 patients with traumatic renal contusion and laceration with long time no absorption of hematoma from the department of urinary surgery from June 2014 to July 2016 in our hospital were selected and divided into two groups,83 cases in the control group treated with routine conservative treatment,83 cases in the experiment group received Liuwei Dihuang decoction combined with Taohong Siwu decoction on the basis of the control group,hematoma absorption,the scope of the hematoma of the kidney,the hemodynamic parameters of renal artery,the level of serum inflammatory factors,and the clinical effect were compared after the treatment.Results After treatment,the effective rate in the experiment group 93.98% was higher than the control group 77.11% (P<0.05);Compared with the control group,the beginning of absorption time of kidney hematoma,disappearance time of microscopic hematuria and the hospitalization time were shorter in the experiment group after treatment, the scope of perirenal hematoma was smaller after 2,4,12 weeks of treatment,the levels of Vmax and Vmin in renal aorta were higher,levels of AT and RI were lower after treatment, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1, IL-6 were lower after treatmentwith significant difference ( P <0.05 ). Conclusion Liuwei Dihuang decoction combined with Taohong Siwu decoction can significantly promote the absorption of hematoma in patients with traumatic renal contusion and laceration,improve the blood flow of renal artery,reduce the inflammatory reaction index, promote the recovery of renal injury,shorten the length of hospital stay.

Objective To investigate the effects of Fu-Yuan-Zai-Zao capsule , a novel compound drug of traditional Chinese medicine , on learning and memory ability and its mechanism related to oxidative stress induced by global brain ischemia .Methods The mouse model of global brain ischemia was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion and reperfusion .The learning and memory ability was measured by Morris water maze and step down tests.Nissl staining was used to detect the pathological changes in the hippocampal neurons .The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated by xanthinoxidase assay and thiobarbituric acid method , respectively .Results The global brain ischemia and reperfusion induced an impairment of learning and memory function, a decrease in the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA 1 region, a decline in SOD activity and an increase in MDA content in the cerebral cortex of mice .Intragastrical administration of Fu-Yuan-Zai-Zao capsule for 14 d after brain ischemic surgery significantly improved the learning and memory impairment , increased the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, elevated SOD activity and reduced MDA content in the cerebral cortex .Conclusions Fu-Yuan-Zai-Zao capsule ameliorates the learning and memory impairment through inhibiting oxidative stress induced by global brain ischemia in mice .The results suggest that Fu-Yuan-Zai-Zao capsule may have future application in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases .

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the research of antidepressive agents from the literatures perspectively in order to develop antidepressive agents in China.METHODS:The literatures about antidepressive agents recorded in PubMed database from Jan.1st,1998 to Oct.31th,2008 were analyzed with bibliometric methods.RESULTS:A total of 17784 literatures on antidepressive agents were recorded and the total number increased slowly.A total of 96 literatures were collected from Chinese literatures which increased rapidly in recent years.34 literatures among 74 literatures during 1998～2007 are in English and 40 in Chinese involved 56 institutes and 51 magazines.Literatures collected from Beijing took up the greatest proportion.CONCLUSION:It is needed to enlarge investment and scale of scientific research on antidepressive agents continuously.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on learning-memory and cerebral free radical metabolism in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model mice. METHODS: The mice were divided into sham operation group, model group, 5-HMF low dose group, 5-HMF high dose group, and dihydroergotamine mesilate positive control group. After administration of the corresponding drugs, all groups except the sham operation group were subjected to construction of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model. The learning-memory of mice was examined by Morris water maze and step-down tests, and cerebral superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined as well. RESULTS: In model group compared with sham operation group the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged in Morris water maze test (P

OBJECTIVE To know the disinfection and sterilization work quality in some hospitals, and to improve nosocomial disinfection and infection control management. METHODS Field selective examination and laboratory examination methods were used to carry out survey. RESULTS The eligible rate of indoor air was the lowest during three years in two provinces. The eligible rate of endoscope disinfection efficacy and ultraviolet radiation intensity was low. The eligible rate of autoclaving quality and oral instruments was more than 80% in the last two years. The eligible rate of sterile medical devices was over 90% in the last three years. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that nosocomial infection incidence rate be decreased by improving disinfectant environment, adding disinfectant equipments or medical treatment instruments and enhancing doctors′ and nurses′ washing hands awareness.

Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on blood glucose and insulin levels in chronic intermittent hypoxic(CIH)rats and the underlying mechanisms, and to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of diabetes caused by CIH.Methods:SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, CIH control group and CIH exercise group.After adaptive feeding, a rat model of CIH was established.The CIH exercise group received non-weight bearing exercise training through swimming.After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and levels of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), fasting blood glucose(FPG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were measured.Results:Compared with the blank control group and CIH control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG, T-AOC, FINS and FPG were significantly different in the CIH exercise group( F=4.60, 5.03, 4.87, 4.52 and 6.42, P=0.021, 0.015, 0.017, 0.022 and 0.006). Compared with the blank control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG and FINS increased and levels of T-AOC declined in the CIH control and exercise groups(all P<0.05). Compared with the CIH control group, levels of ROS, MDA, FPG and FINS decreased and T-AOC levels increased in the CIH exercise group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:CIH increases blood glucose and insulin levels by activating the oxidative stress response.Aerobic exercise can reduce the impact of oxidative stress on blood glucose and insulin levels.