Objective To investigate the risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients after vascular free flap reconstruction performed under general anesthesia.Methods Two hundred and sixteen ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients aged 18-80 yr undergoing vascular free flap reconstruction surgery were enrolled in this study.Patient characteristics before and during operation were recorded.The patients were followed up for 5 days after operation.Their level of consciousness,severity of pain and sleep quality were evaluated daily.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of delirium during the 5 days after operation:delirium group and non-delirium group.The method of CAM-ICU was reed in the diagnosis of postoperative delirium.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for postoperative delirium.Results logistic regression analysis showed that old age,history of alcohol abuse and sleep diacrder after operation were risk factors for delirium developed after free flap surgery.Conclusion Old age,history of alcohol abuse and sleep disorder after operation were the risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients after vascular free flap reconstruction performed under general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVEUnderstand the public's current attitudes and knowledge about suicide and, thus, provide essential information to the development of targeted public education programs-important components of the suicide prevention effort.

METHODSSeventeen mental health professionals who were extensively trained in the methods of conducting focus groups used a pre-tested focus group outline on attitudes and knowledge about suicide to conduct 101 focus groups and 18 individual in-depth interviews with a total of 842 community respondents from 6 regions in northern China. The focus groups and in-depth interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed using the QSR Nvivo text analysis software.

RESULTSMost respondents believed that suicide was a greater problem in rural areas and among women and identified physical illnesses, economic problems and interpersonal conflicts (particularly family conflicts) as the main causes of suicide. Rural residents and women were believed to exhibit impulsive suicidal behavior because of their personal limitations and over-sensitiveness. Most thought that suicide was understandable and a small proportion felt that it was acceptable behavior in certain circumstances. Almost all felt that suicide resulted in the stigmatization and a loss of 'face' for the family. Most believed that one should show concern for persons who have suicidal behavior and their family members and expressed a willingness to have superficial social relationships with them but were unwilling to establish close personal relations with them. The vast majority believed that suicide was either very difficult or impossible to prevent.

CONCLUSIONSIn China the community is tolerant, sympathetic and, in some cases, accepting of suicide but there remains a substantial underlying stigmatization of suicide. Community members have some misunderstandings about suicide; the most obvious misunderstanding is the underestimation of the importance of mental illness as a cause of suicide. The content of public health messages used in suicide prevention programs should be developed by combining findings from both qualitative and quantitative research.

China ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Social Support ; Suicide ; prevention & control ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUNDEmbryo quality and receptivity of the endometrium are two factors that determine the results of in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET). There is no consensus of the optimal transfer strategy for normal responders or high responders. The current study aimed to find the optimal transfer strategy for different subgroups of patients.

METHODSFrom April 2010 to December 2010, patients who meet the following criteria were included in this study; primary infertility, female age ≤ 35 years, FSH level on female cycle day 2 - 3 ≤ 12 mIU/ml, at least six good quality embryos available on day three. The clinical outcomes using different transfer strategies between normal responders and high responders were reviewed and compared.

RESULTSFor the normal responders, the clinical pregnancy rate of day three double-embryo transfer (DET) was comparable to that of day five elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT), 64.04% vs. 60.33% (P > 0.05). For the high responders, the clinical pregnancy rate of day five eSBT was significantly lower than that of day three DET, 43.35% vs. 57.21% (P < 0.05). For the high responders, the rates of clinical pregnancy and implantation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles were notably higher than in eSBT cycles (64.56% vs. 43.35% and 62.11% vs. 43.35% respectively) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor normal responders, eSBT might be an applicable strategy to reduce multiple pregnancy rates while maintaining acceptable overall pregnancy rates. And in order to reduce multiple pregnancies and increase the chance of pregnancy of high responders, FET may be a preferable strategy.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; methods ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues, and understand its clinical significance.

METHODSReversal transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of COX-2 mRNA in 52 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma tissues and 17 cases of normal bladder tissues far from neoplasm; Western blot was used to assess the expression of COX-2 protein in 49 cases of bladder cancerous tissues and 17 cases of normal tissues.

RESULTSPositive expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected in 83% (43/52) of bladder cancer tissues and in 29% (5/17) of normal tissues by RT-PCR and there was significant difference in expression of COX-2 mRNA between cancer tissues and normal tissues. Western blot analysis showed that expression of COX-2 protein was correlation with the stage and grade of cancer.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 is overexpressed in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. COX-2 maybe play a certain role in carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer and turn into a useful target of chemoprevention of bladder cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Urinary Bladder ; enzymology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology

Although the basic principles for the function of peripheral auditory system have been known for many years, the molecular mechanisms which affect deafness are not clear. In recent years, the study of hereditary deafness associated mouse models has revealed the molecular basis which is related with the formation and function of the hair bundle and the mechanosensory organelle of hair cell. This review focused on the role of protein network, which is formed by the proteins encoded by the Usher syndrome type 1 genes, in hair-bundle development and mechanotransducer channel gating. And the review also showed how the stereocilia rootlets contribute to the hair bundle's mechanical properties and how the hair bundle produces suppressive masking. Finally, the review revealed multiple roles of the tectorial membrane and extracellular matrix in the hair bundles stimulating in the cochlea.
Animals ; Cochlea ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; Humans ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Mice ; Usher Syndromes ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of parotid malignant tumors and study their pathological basis.

METHODSForty-seven patients with parotid malignant tumors confirmed by surgery (41 patients) or biopsy (6 patients) were enrolled in this study. A comparative analysis was conducted of the pathological and MRI findings in 30 patients with the entire lesions available. Each of the MRI features was analyzed retrospectively and the typical MRI findings of common parotid malignant tumors were summarized.

RESULTSMRI allowed accurate diagnosis of parotid malignant tumors. Four patients with low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed well-defined tumor margin and were difficult to distinguish from benign tumors. Six patients with high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma had obscure margin of the tumor which easily underwent necrosis with liable lymph node involvement. The 8 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma was characterized by extensive invasion surrounding the parotid gland. Most of 8 cases of malignant pleomorphic adenoma still showed high and heterogeneous signal on T2WI, with irregular shape and poorly defined margin. Nine cases of lymphoma all had secondary lesions characterized by extensive involvement and presence of multiple nodules. The 4 cases of acinic cell carcinoma showed either regular or irregular tumor morphology, presenting with high signal intensity on T1WI and T(2)WI.

CONCLUSIONMRI is an important modality for the diagnosis of parotid malignant tumors. Most of the common parotid malignant tumors have characteristic MRI and pathological features, which make possible their differential diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the polymorphism of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes of Han population in Jiangsu of China.

METHODSThe alleles and haplotypes frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 genes in 100 unrelated healthy individuals were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT).

RESULTSAmong the 7 DQA1 alleles detected, the most common allele was DQA1*0301/02/03 with a frequency of 29.5%, which was followed by DQA1*0501, DQA1*0102 and DQA1*0201 with frequencies of 18.5%, 17.0% and 12.5%, respectively. Of the 13 DQB1 alleles detected, DQB1*0201/02 allele (21.5%) was the most frequent allele, followed by DQB1*0301/09 (14.5%), DQB1*0303 (13.5%) and DQB1*0603 (11.5%). The most common DQA1 vs DQB1 haplotype was DQA1*0301/02/03 vs DQB1*0303 with a frequency of 12.5%, which was followed by the DQA1*0201-DQB1*0201/02 (10.5%),DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201/02 (9.5%) and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301/09 (7.0%).

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of HLA-DQ alleles and haplotypes in Jiangsu Han population shares some genetic characteristics with other population in northern of China, but has its own characteristics. The data will provide useful information for anthropology, organ transplantation and disease association studies.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the importance and methods of retaining articularis during pri- mary total hip arthroplasty(THA)and reconstruct soft tissue balance of hip joint after THA.Methods From February 2003 to August 2005,41 eases(43 hips)including 19 males and 22 females at age of 46- 80 years(mean 66.5 years)were treated with THA with retained capsule(Group R)and other 42 cases (44 hips)including 20 males and 22 females at age of 43-80 years(mean 64.3 years)with standard THA (Group S).Preoperative diagnosis found femoral neck fractures(GardenⅢⅣ)in 13 cases(13 hips)in Group R and 14(14 hips)in Group S;acetabular dysplasia(CroweⅢ)in 9(9 hips)in Group R and 8 (hips)in Group S;Osteoarthritis in 6(8 hips)in Group R and 7(8 hips)in Group S;and femoral head osteonecrosis(FicatⅢⅣ)in 13(13 hips)in Group R and 13(14 hips)in Group S.There were 13 hips of cement prostheses in Group R and 11 in Group S,8 cementless prostheses in Group R and 8 in Group S, 22 cement and cementless prostheses in Group R and 23 in Group S.Gibson's approach was used in both groups.Group R used the method of retaining capsule and little supination muscles during the operation to reconstruct responsibly soft tissue balancing of postoperation for THA.For comparison,Group S used the method of standard which resected a lots of capsule and didn't reconstruct it.The comparative items between Group R and Group S included incisional length,operative time,operative bleeding,drainage transfusion, infection,dislocation,postoperation standing,postoperation walking and Harris's score.Results All cases in Group R and Group S were followed for 6-22 months(mean 16.5 months in Group R and 16.7 months in Group S).There was significantly statistical difference upon interoperative and postoperative data between Group R and Group S.The result of Group R was significantly better than that of GS.Conclu- sion Retaining articularis during primary THA can minimize operative trauma,reconstruct soft tissue bal- ance and augment hip stability to get postoperative functional recovery.

Based on the genomic sequence of NDV08-004 strain (GenBank accession number FJ794269), seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify the genomic fragments by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy vector. The fragments (named A to G) were sub-cloned into transcription vector pOLTV5 according to the universal RE site and the plasmid named NDV08-004-pO which contained the full length cDNA of NDV08-004 strain was constructed. Three helper plasmids (pCI-NP, pCI-P and pCI-L) together with NDV08-004-pO were co-transfected into BSR T7/5 cells, and the transfection supernatant was inoculated into SPF embryonated eggs to rescue the virus. The virus was rescued successfully and identified by HA and RT-PCR and sequencing. The rescue system constructed in this study provided a good foundation for the further related research.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chick Embryo ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Newcastle Disease ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Reverse Genetics ; methods